Tavanik: instructions for use, composition, analogues and price

Inflammation of the mucous membrane, and in some cases of the bone walls of the maxillary cavity, the maxillary sinus on the left and right side of the nose, as well as the canals between the sinuses and the nasal cavity, characterizes acute and chronic sinusitis. It often appears as a complication of influenza, whooping cough, measles, acute runny nose and other diseases of infectious and viral etiology. Under the influence of pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, bacteria, allergens, swelling of the mucous membrane of the canals appears, mucus becomes clogged in the maxillary sinuses. Active reproduction of microflora begins, releasing toxins that are absorbed into the blood. Nasal breathing is blocked, the nose is constantly stuffy, purulent discharge, pain and discomfort, headaches, and general malaise appear.

The temperature rises to 38° and the inflammatory process progresses, aggravating the serious condition of the patient. These symptoms are characteristic of the acute form of sinusitis. There are severe headaches, general malaise, decreased tone, and nasal congestion does not go away for more than a week. Untimely treatment can lead to serious consequences, because the meninges are located in close proximity to the source of severe infection.

Therefore, even just one day without medical care can be risky. At home, before going to the hospital to see a doctor, you can use traditional medicine. This method has been used for many centuries and was used by the famous healers Avicenna and Hippocrates. Unlike chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics, medicinal herbs and herbs have virtually no side effects and can be successfully used in the form of herbal medicine. The complex effect of antibiotics, rinses, inhalations, infusions, decoctions, juices, ointments from medicinal plants more effectively restores the patient’s well-being. You should not try to treat this disease yourself. This information is provided for informational purposes. Be sure to visit the clinic and consult a doctor (specialist) about this.

Signs and symptoms of acute and chronic sinusitis

The risk of illness increases sharply during an influenza epidemic. The consequences, inflammatory processes, can spread to other sinuses, with the development of frontal sinuses with damage to the sinuses in the forehead, manifested by inflammation of the pharynx, tonsils, the appearance of otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Other vital systems and organs may be affected, the brain with the appearance of encephalitis, meningitis, the heart with the development of myocarditis, the kidneys with the development of nephritis, joints with severe manifestations of rheumatism.

In adults, the disease manifests itself with the following symptoms:

Severe pain in the area above the upper jaw;
Nasal congestion and copious greenish discharge;
Temperature 38°, which does not decrease;
Headache in the forehead, nose, roots of the teeth, which is more aggravated by sneezing, coughing, or tilting the head;
Migraine worsens in the evening;
Severe chills, fatigue, decreased appetite, sense of smell, weakness throughout the body;
Nasal voice, nasal breathing is difficult or absent altogether.

Initially, the pain appears at the base of the nose, and then above the eyebrows, radiating to the entire head and to the ear area. In the chronic form, general weakness, acute headache, nasal congestion, loss of smell, and the appearance of purulent mucous discharge are observed. Hypothermia and vitamin deficiency also contribute to the development of the disease.

Fromilid uno

pharmachologic effect

Semi-synthetic antibiotic from the macrolide group.
Inhibits protein synthesis in microbial cells, has a bacteriostatic (mainly) and bactericidal effect. Clarithromycin is active against

Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Ureaplasma urealyticum;
gram-positive microorganisms:
Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Listeria monocytogems, Corynebacterium spp.;
gram-negative microorganisms:
Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus ducreyi, Moraxella catarrhalis, Bordetella pertussis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Pasterella multocida, Campylobacter spp., Helicobacter pylori;
some anaerobes:
Eubacterium spp., Peptococcus spp., Propionibacterium spp., Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides melaninogenicus; Toxoplasma gondii, Mycobacterium spp. (except Mycobacterium tuberculosis).

Pharmacokinetics

Suction

Clarithromycin is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Food slows absorption but does not significantly affect the bioavailability of clarithromycin.

Absorption of clarithromycin from extended-release tablets is delayed, but equivalent to absorption from immediate-release tablets in equal doses. Tmax increases. After reaching Cmax, the kinetics of both forms of clarithromycin (immediate-release tablets and extended-release tablets) are equivalent. Css is achieved by day 3. The bioavailability of extended-release tablets is 30% lower when taken on an empty stomach, so patients should take the extended-release form of clarithromycin with food.

Distribution

Clarithromycin easily penetrates into body tissues and fluids, where it reaches concentrations almost 10 times higher than serum concentrations.

Metabolism

Approximately 20% of clarithromycin is immediately metabolized to 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin, which has significant activity against Haemophilus influenzae.

Removal

T1/2 after taking a dose of 250 mg is 3-4 hours; after taking a dose of 500 mg is 5-7 hours. From 20 to 30% of clarithromycin (40% when taking a suspension) is excreted unchanged in the urine, the rest is excreted in the form of metabolites.

Pharmacokinetics in special clinical situations

The extended-release form of the drug is not recommended for patients with severe renal failure with CC < 0.5 ml/sec. In such patients, clarithromycin immediate-release tablets may be prescribed.

Indications

- infections of the upper respiratory tract (including tonsillopharyngitis, acute sinusitis);

- otitis media;

- lower respiratory tract infections;

- infections of the skin and soft tissues;

- infections caused by mycobacteria (including Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium mannum, Mycobacterium leprae);

- other infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to the drug.

Dosage regimen

The tablets should be taken during meals: swallowed whole with a small amount of liquid; do not break.

Adults and children over 12 years of age

prescribed 500 mg/day (1 tablet). For the treatment of severe infections, the daily dose is increased to 1000 mg/day (2 tablets).

The duration of treatment is usually 7-14 days.

Side effect

From the digestive system:

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (in case of severe and persistent diarrhea, which may be a consequence of pseudomembranous colitis, the drug should be discontinued), abdominal pain, stomatitis, glossitis, transient changes in taste; very rarely - increased activity of liver enzymes, cholestatic jaundice.

From the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system:

headache; in some cases - dizziness, confusion, fear, insomnia, nightmares.

From the cardiovascular system:

very rarely - prolongation of the QT interval, ventricular arrhythmia (including ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia, ventricular flutter or fibrillation).

Allergic reactions:

hypersensitivity reactions (including urticaria, anaphylaxis); very rarely - Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Most patients experience mild side effects. If side effects occur, you should consult your doctor.

Contraindications

- severe liver failure;

- hepatitis (history);

- porphyria;

— I trimester of pregnancy;

- lactation period;

- simultaneous use with terfenadine, cisapride, pimozide or astemizole;

- hypersensitivity to clarithromycin or other macrolide antibiotics.

Pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug in the first trimester of pregnancy is contraindicated. The use of the drug in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy is possible only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.

Clarithromycin is excreted in breast milk, so if it is necessary to use the drug during lactation, breastfeeding should be discontinued.

special instructions

In the presence of chronic liver diseases, it is necessary to regularly monitor serum enzymes.

Fromilid® uno should be used with caution in combination with drugs metabolized by the liver (it is recommended to measure their concentration in the blood).

When used simultaneously with warfarin or other indirect anticoagulants, it is necessary to monitor the prothrombin time.

Attention should be paid to the possibility of cross-resistance between clarithromycin and other macrolide antibiotics, as well as lincomycin and clindamycin.

In case of severe persistent diarrhea, which may indicate pseudomembranous colitis, you should stop taking the drug and consult your doctor.

Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery

Fromilid® uno does not affect the speed of the patient's psychomotor reactions when driving a car or operating machinery.

Overdose

Symptoms:

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, confusion.

Treatment:

rinse your stomach immediately. Symptomatic treatment. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis do not lead to a significant change in clarithromycin serum levels.

Drug interactions

Clarithromycin is metabolized in the liver, where it can inhibit the action of isoenzymes of the cytochrome P450 system.

With simultaneous use of clarithromycin with drugs metabolized through the cytochrome P450 system, the concentrations of the latter may increase and cause side effects. Therefore, terfenadine, cisapride, pimozide and astemizole should not be used during treatment with clarithromycin due to the risk of developing life-threatening arrhythmias.

Prothrombin time should be periodically monitored in patients receiving clarithromycin concomitantly with warfarin or other oral anticoagulants.

Concomitant use of clarithromycin and zidovudine reduces the absorption of zidovudine.

Concomitant use of clarithromycin and ritonavir results in a significant increase in serum levels of clarithromycin and a significant decrease in serum levels of its metabolite.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

The drug is available with a prescription.

Storage conditions and periods

The drug should be stored out of the reach of children, protected from moisture at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Shelf life: 2 years.

What remedies for sinusitis does traditional medicine offer?

If you decide to treat sinusitis with folk remedies in addition to the main therapy, be sure to consult with an otolaryngologist, your attending physician. Elevated temperature can become an obstacle to inhalation. When the first signs appear, it is hardly possible to diagnose this disease yourself, to distinguish it from a prolonged runny nose with headaches and fever.

Methods of instillation, rinsing, and inhalation are used as folk remedies. Each method has a therapeutic effect and is indicated for a specific purpose, for example, to remove pus from the maxillary sinuses, remove inflammation, and have an antimicrobial effect on the pathogen.

Sea buckthorn oil is applied in the form of drops into each nasal passage, 2-3 drops 3 times a day.
Green cones of common spruce in the form of a decoction are used to instill 4-5 drops into the nose (recipe: 40 g of medicinal raw material per 200 ml of boiling water).
The buds and young aspen bark are prepared in the form of infusion and tincture and are used externally as an antimicrobial, analgesic, and regenerative agent.
Tea from rowan fruits, raspberry leaves and berries, oregano herb and meadowsweet flowers is infused for 40-50 minutes and drunk throughout the day (recipe: 1 tablespoon of herbal mixture divided equally into 0.5 liters of boiling water).
An infusion of wormwood, and also put the aromatic herb of wormwood under your pillow at night.

Instillation in adults and children helps soften and remove pus from the maxillary sinuses and reduce tissue inflammation. Before treating nasal congestion, you can conduct an aerosol inhalation session using a decoction of herbal mixtures. Inhalation softens the contents of the sinuses well and facilitates the cleansing of pus. For this purpose, home treatment using mixtures of aromatic medicinal plants is used.

Herbal mixtures for inhalation

Plantain leaf is treated at home along with celandine herb 2 parts each, add lemon balm or mint herb 3 parts.
At the first signs of illness, you can use 1 part eucalyptus leaf, 1 part calendula flowers, 3 parts raspberry leaf.
A decoction of viburnum bark and an infusion of St. John's wort herb, 10 g per 200 ml of water, an infusion of stinging nettle leaves, 15 g per 200 ml of water, helps cure a stuffy nose.
Herb and flowers of St. John's wort, horse sorrel root 20 g each, mullein inflorescences and lemon balm herb 15 g each. Rinsing the nasal cavity and inhalation are carried out with the solution for 5 minutes, up to 8 procedures per course. The solution is prepared from 1 tbsp. spoons of the mixture, which must be brewed with 1 cup of boiling water for 20 minutes, boil for 5 minutes, cool and pass through a strainer or 2 layers of gauze.
Ready-made recipes for inhalation from mixtures of herbs and aromatic oils offered at the pharmacy. Inhalation with fir oil, pour boiling water into an enamel container, add 3-4 drops of fir oil, cover with a towel and breathe. After the procedures, you can rub your chest with fir oil and wrap yourself in a warm blanket.

Guaranteed quality and the correct technology for drying medicinal raw materials, the optimal composition, as well as the method of application indicated on the packaging, make it easy to carry out an inhalation session using a modern nebulizer and thoroughly clean the nasal cavity and sinuses.

Causes and symptoms of an incipient disease

Inflammation of the maxillary air sinuses can develop after a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract or be a continuation of a common cold. In addition, sinusitis is likely to occur when inflammation from diseased teeth, especially the upper ones, spreads to the sinuses, causing suppuration in them.

The development of such an inflammatory process is signaled by some signs:

Instead of recovery, a deterioration suddenly occurs, an increase in body temperature and pain in the projection of the air sinuses, especially when pressed.
Perceptible pressure in the sinuses.
The presence of purulent discharge from the nasal passages, their persistent congestion.
Pain in the head, especially in the frontal part, which radiates to the teeth.

The presence of one or more of these symptoms indicates the development of this dangerous complication. An urgent consultation with an otolaryngologist is necessary.

To select adequate therapy and assess the general condition, which can become quite severe in a matter of days, a series of examinations will be required. In addition, most often it is impossible to do without special treatment procedures that are prescribed and carried out by an otolaryngologist.

Severe inflammatory processes involving all air sinuses are treated only in a hospital setting. In these cases, tablet forms of antibiotics are used extremely rarely. Treatment is carried out by administering antibacterial drugs intravenously or intramuscularly. However, there are many cases when a doctor prescribes treatment for a patient at home using antibiotic tablets. Which of these drugs is advisable to use in this or that case?

What medications does a doctor prescribe for sinusitis?

The main part of complex therapy is drug treatment; antibiotics are used for sinusitis. Antibiotic therapy is prescribed with a wide spectrum of action, in the form of capsules, drops, sprays, tablets, and in severe cases injections are indicated. The main thing is to choose the right drug, with the absence of bacterial resistance; it is better to entrust this choice to the attending physician, an otorhinolaryngologist. Based on the results of clinical studies, the doctor draws up an individual plan for complex therapy, as well as an additional course for the chronic form to prevent relapse of the disease.

The use of antibiotics allows you to stop the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms and destroy the infection, as well as prevent the development of complications. In the case of bacterial etiology of the disease, flemoxil, zitrolide, amoxil, and ospamox are prescribed. Testing at a clinic will help identify the pathogen.
In addition to antibiotics, antipyretics, vasodilators, and painkillers are used. The group of analgesics is represented by drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen and other drugs used in strict dosages for adults and children. Exceeding the course of administration may cause side effects.
Sulfonamide drugs, sulfadimethoxine, norsulfazole.
If the cause of sinusitis is allergens, antihistamines are indicated. They actively reduce allergic reactions, reduce swelling of the mucous membrane and improve the outflow of mucus. These are diazolin, suprastin, tavegil.
To relieve swelling and slow down the formation of mucus, vasoconstrictors are prescribed. These drops and sprays actively affect the blood flow of the mucous membranes. A group of decongestants is also aimed at reducing nasal congestion that blocks breathing.
Immunomodulators help improve weakened immunity and restore the body's defenses. Modern vitamin complexes contain trace elements and minerals.
In case of severe inflammation, swelling, or the presence of polyps, corticosteroids can be used if there is no effect from the use of other drugs.

Positive reviews are also noted in the use of moisturizing sprays based on a solution of sea water. Dissolved sea salt dilutes mucus and accumulated exudate well. This helps to easily wash and clean the nasal passages and the cavities of the maxillary sinuses. Special solutions are also prescribed to rinse the nose, for example, furatsilin, chlorophyllipt. Along with mucus and purulent contents, pathogenic microorganisms are actively removed, and a decrease in the inflammatory process is observed.

In what form is it better to take the drug?

Antibacterial drugs for sinusitis can be produced in various forms. Sinusitis can be treated with antibiotics in the following forms:

pills;
drops, sprays;
injections.

Pills

As a rule, general antibiotics in the form of tablets are used against sinusitis. Experts choose to treat this disease with new generation antibacterial drugs - Flemoxin, Augmentin, Solutab, Macropen. In therapy against the inflammatory process in the nasal sinuses, they have a stronger and faster effect. The advantage of these antibiotics against sinusitis is that they are not only able to overcome bacteria, but also prevent the development of many complications that sinusitis entails - otitis media, meningitis. Having chosen to treat sinusitis with drugs of this form, you can stop it after 5 days of taking it.

Drops and sprays

Drops and sprays are considered effective topical antibiotics against sinusitis. But treatment with them becomes possible only if there is free passage to the maxillary sinuses.

It is important to know that in case of severe suppuration, antibacterial therapy against sinusitis can be used only after using vasoconstrictor drops.

To enhance the effect of the active substance, the combined use of drops and tablets is often prescribed.

Injections

In situations where sinusitis has already acquired an advanced form or when the body is intoxicated, antibiotics are administered intramuscularly. They very quickly penetrate the mucous membrane of the nasal sinuses, making the treatment as effective as possible. Sinusitis should be treated with antibacterial agents based on the form and stage of the disease and the patient’s condition.

Preparations of natural origin

A special group of drugs for sinusitis are drugs based on natural ingredients. These are products of natural origin, presented in a wide selection at the pharmacy. One of the popular representatives of this group is Sinuforte. Controversies and discussions continue around this remedy.

The main active ingredient in this drug is cyclamen extract. It actively affects receptors and enhances mucus secretion. As a result, the accumulated pus is liquefied, and purulent exudate is better released from the sinuses. Sinuforte is able to activate the mechanism of natural mucus removal and strengthens the immune system. It is prescribed as an alternative remedy instead of unpleasant manipulations with a puncture.

Cinnabsin, a drug from the homeopathic pharmacy range, has a similar effect. It effectively relieves inflammation and relatively quickly reduces swelling and nasal congestion. Active penetrating action avoids puncture and frees the cavity of the maxillary sinuses and excretory tract. Nasal breathing is restored and the body’s immune system is activated.

The complex effect of various methods, including traditional methods of treatment, provides an optimal result, helps prevent complications and the transition of the acute form of the disease to chronic sinusitis, when a puncture is indispensable. When combining different drugs, including traditional treatments, the compatibility of the drugs should be studied. Some products may not be compatible. Consult a doctor and carry out a course of treatment with antibiotics in full accordance with the recommendations of a specialist.

"Isofra" - nasal spray antibiotic

In cases where it is difficult for a patient to take tablet forms, doctors will prescribe an antibiotic in the form of a spray - Isofr. The drug is used by injection into each nostril. In this case, the dosage is prescribed individually depending on the severity of the disease. The product is used for no longer than 10 days.

The medicine has practically no contraindications. It is not used only in cases where a preliminary analysis has shown the ineffectiveness of using Isofra for treatment. The drug is also used in children; to do this, you just need to remove the dispenser and use the spray in the same way as nasal drops.

What manipulations are indicated in severe cases?

When visiting a clinic, an otolaryngologist is examined and a nasal swab is taken to determine the causative agent of the disease. An x-ray of the maxillary sinuses is performed. In the case of a chronic form of the disease or acute exacerbation, computed tomography and endoscopy are prescribed. These studies allow you to accurately determine the clinical picture of the disease and make a diagnosis, prescribing the most effective treatment.

The inflammatory process can cover the entire cavity of the maxillary sinus, in this case the doctor prescribes a puncture (puncture). These manipulations include a number of procedures:

Anesthesia of the mucosa;
Inserting a needle for puncture;
Antiseptic injection;
Removal of pus and mucus;
The cavity is washed and cleared of secretions.

If the acute form of the disease is not treated, it becomes chronic. In this case, surgery is performed using anesthesia. A microcamera is inserted into the sinus cavity and the surgeon clears the internal space from blockage with snot and pus. After surgery for sinusitis, bed rest is recommended.

Puncture and rinsing of the maxillary sinuses

One of the effective methods of treatment is the puncture of the maxillary sinuses, located on both sides of the nose. In this case, a special needle is used, and with the help of a syringe, pus and mucus are removed and the sinuses are filled with a medicinal solution. If the procedure is performed correctly, the patient does not feel pain. These manipulations promote rapid healing and can be prescribed even during pregnancy, and, unlike medications, have no contraindications.

Puncture (puncture) of the nasal sinuses for sinusitis is indicated only in the most advanced forms of the disease. ENT doctors use special expert-class equipment. This helps reduce the risk of infection of neighboring organs.

Unlike the previous method, the YAMIK method involves the use of systems of thin tubes inserted into the cavity. Using balloons, the tubes are inflated and the maxillary sinuses are thoroughly washed. The method is also indicated for use in pregnant women, when the nose is blocked with snot and there is severe inflammation in this part of the face.

The YAMIK sinus catheter helps to evacuate pus from the cavities of all sinuses without puncture. It is well tolerated not only by adults, but also by children aged 5-6 years. Indicated for pregnant women; effective results can be achieved in 3-5 procedures. The otorhinolaryngologist carefully inserts a thin elastic tube into the nose and creates negative pressure, under the influence of which pus is completely removed from the sinuses, and a drug is injected instead. This method allows you to avoid the risks of injury, suppuration, infection and other complications from the puncture.

The “cuckoo” treatment method is also widely used, with a special solution injected into one nostril, and through the other, the accumulated pus is removed using an electric suction. At this moment, you need to make a cuckoo sound, which helps relieve pressure in the maxillary sinuses. This procedure, like the YAMIK method, quickly and effectively relieves the patient of pain and discomfort from pus accumulated in the maxillary sinuses, clogged with edema. This method is indicated for severe pain in the root of the nose and copious discharge of pus. Washing with the “cuckoo” method is usually carried out in 8-10 sessions; it cleanses the maxillary sinuses well. After these procedures, the need for a puncture disappears. Correct manipulation during the “cuckoo” procedure is painless.

Features of the use of antibiotics

Antibiotics are common medications used when infectious diseases occur in the body. They are medicines created artificially chemically or using certain fungi and bacteria. Their use against sinusitis allows you to defeat the infection within 3-4 days from the moment treatment began.

The drugs can be used orally, in the form of injections, by introducing the drug into the nasal sinuses. For serious, advanced forms of sinusitis, the simultaneous use of several types of antibiotics becomes acceptable.

Most often, specialists prescribe drugs such as Penicillin, Biseptol, Cefazolin, and Ampicillin to their patients. Among the potent antibacterial agents are the following:

Treatment of sinusitis with such antibiotics may be accompanied by complications - severe nosebleeds, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, allergies, dysbacteriosis, and disturbances in the digestive system.

Among the least toxic drugs used to treat sinusitis at the very beginning of the development of pathogenic microorganisms is Zitrolide. These antibiotics have a bactericidal effect on parasitic bacteria, which speeds up the healing process. However, when treated with antibiotics of this type against sinusitis, side effects may occur - bloating, abdominal pain, signs of nervous exhaustion, nausea, rapid heartbeat. You should not treat sinusitis with Zitrolide in case of renal and liver failure.

Sinuforte is an effective antibiotic against sinusitis. It increases secretion in the nose, causing a large amount of pus discharge.

Antibacterial drugs for sinusitis can be produced in various forms. Sinusitis can be treated with antibiotics in the following forms:

How can you treat sinusitis in pregnant women?

Exacerbation of sinusitis can cause irreversible consequences not only in the body of a pregnant woman, but also in the fetus. Therefore, early diagnosis of the disease and properly prescribed treatment can prevent the development of a severe infection and remove danger from the child.

Not only various medications, but even some herbs are contraindicated for pregnant women. Therefore, it is better to consult a doctor and carry out treatment under the supervision of a specialist. He will select the most effective medicine in full accordance with the characteristics of the body of a particular patient, especially for pregnant women.

During pregnancy, it is not advisable to take antibiotics in the form of tablets, capsules, or injections. Therefore, the method of local antibiotic administration is used, with the medication being administered directly into the maxillary sinuses. Washing with saline solutions, decoctions and herbal infusions is also carried out. A special treatment approach is used for young children.

When does taking antibiotics become inevitable?

Antibiotics, being a potent remedy, must be taken in situations where sinusitis develops into a serious stage of development. Sinusitis can cause serious disorders in the patient's body, causing complications such as meningitis, otitis media, osteomyelitis, neuritis, pneumonia, and chronic bronchitis. That is why, if it is not possible to stop the development of inflammation in the nasal sinuses with the help of weak drugs, an antibiotic against sinusitis comes to the aid of the patient.

If the patient used antibiotics shortly before the onset of sinusitis, the doctor should be notified. Usually treatment is carried out with other antibiotics, since addiction to certain bacteria can occur.

While taking antibiotics against inflammation in the maxillary sinuses, a rash and redness appear on the body, the patient complains of itching, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

Sinusitis in a child

The cause of sinusitis in children can be flu, measles, whooping cough, and scarlet fever. Chlamydial and mycoplasma infections also provoke the development of the disease in children. This type of sinusitis can develop against the background of inflammatory processes and diseases of the roots of the teeth located along the edges in the upper jaw. Under no circumstances should you try to treat this disease in a child yourself; it is a dangerous disease with very serious complications. For this purpose there is a clinic and an otolaryngologist. Professional examination, diagnosis, treatment and prevention are carried out by a doctor.

Parents are often wary of therapy methods such as punctures and punctures. These manipulations are performed for children over 6 years of age. In order not to scare the child by removing pus through the wall of the nasal cavity, it is better to simply prepare in advance and explain to the baby about the need to lubricate the nose with a special medicine from the inside, and also rinse it with snot drops. A small operation and manipulation of washing with a special solution can prevent serious consequences that can delay recovery up to one year.

Treatment of a child is carried out comprehensively and generally resembles therapy for adults. Antibiotic therapy, vasoconstrictors and analgesics, antihistamines are also used, depending on the causative agent of the disease, the prescription of mucolytic drugs and other drugs indicated above is indicated, with the exception of corticosteroids, which have an adverse effect on the immature organism. Physiotherapy is indicated for children; in severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. To determine the resistance of bacteria, bacteriological culture and detailed analysis are carried out, allowing you to select the optimal antibiotic that can actively influence the microflora of the maxillary sinuses. The doctor prescribes nasal drops, rinsing sprays, and intensive therapy for the nasal cavity. Symptoms in children are similar to those in adults.

All about sinusitis

Causes of sinusitis:

In most cases, sinusitis occurs as a result of infection entering the maxillary sinuses. Sometimes sinusitis appears as a result of allergic reactions - allergic sinusitis.

How does infection affect the maxillary sinuses?

The maxillary sinuses are located on the sides of the wings of the nose, which is why they are called the paranasal sinuses. And communication with the nasal cavity occurs through an opening located on the side walls of the nose - the entrance to the maxillary sinuses. The inside of the sinuses is lined with a mucous membrane equipped with ciliated epithelium (epithelial tissue with cilia). Due to this, there is a constant secretion of mucous secretion inside the sinuses and its removal into the nasal cavity. This secret, in turn, plays an important role. The mucus, being in constant movement, carries microorganisms and foreign bodies from the paranasal sinuses into the nasal cavity through the hole located in the upper part of the maxillary sinus. This opening is also lined with mucous membrane. Therefore, with the development of inflammation in the nasal cavity, the process quickly spreads to the opening, and then to the sinus itself. The swelling spreads from the nasal mucosa to the mucous membrane of the opening connecting the nasal cavity with the sinus. Its walls swell, increase in size, become bright red, the lumen gradually decreases, and the outflow of mucus from the sinus is disrupted.

Communication with the nasal cavity almost stops. Oxygen stops flowing into the maxillary sinus. The pressure inside the sinus increases and leads to pain. The mucus produced accumulates inside the sinus and becomes pathological. Favorable conditions for the growth and development of microorganisms develop there. During their life, bacteria produce toxins that can penetrate the bloodstream and cause signs of general intoxication of the body. After some time, the mucus turns into pus. The pus has a very viscous consistency, so its removal from the maxillary sinus into the nasal cavity is almost impossible. The number of microorganisms and the toxins they produce increases sharply. Pus can fill the entire sinus. Sometimes it spreads to surrounding tissues and even bone formations.

Congenital anomalies of the nose

• Impaired nasal breathing. Breathing is most often disrupted on the side on which the affected sinus is located, but sometimes on both sides.

Modern methods of treating sinusitis

Laser therapy for acute and chronic sinusitis is carried out in ENT departments of hospitals and medical centers. Laser treatment is used to relieve inflammation and eliminate the consequences of rinsing. The cause of the disease can be not only blockage of pus in the nasal cavity, the infection can penetrate through the bloodstream, as complications after ARVI, whooping cough, and acute infectious diseases.

With the use of a laser, relief is felt from the first procedures. In the initial stages of the disease, laser therapy is used together with the classic “cuckoo” method of washing. Doctors assure that only 5-7 procedures need to be completed to completely cure sinusitis. Surgeries and punctures are now a thing of the past; they are more dangerous; painless interventions are more often used for chronic and acute inflammation of the maxillary sinuses with the accumulation of pus. It is possible to cure sinusitis without radical methods, pain, blood, or punctures.

A complex of conservative and modern methods of therapy is aimed at restoring the outflow of contents of the maxillary sinuses, drainage functions, as well as suppressing the development of infection and progression of the disease. The doctor selects therapy in accordance with the form of the disease and level of severity, individual characteristics of patients with sinusitis, unilateral or bilateral damage to the maxillary sinuses. In some cases, physiotherapeutic procedures are indicated.

Physiotherapy for sinusitis includes the use of various manipulations, ultra-high frequency currents, inhalations with a nebulizer, electrophoresis, microwave therapy, and diadynamophoresis are used. Warming and other procedures are prescribed by an ENT doctor on a case-by-case basis.

Trust your attending physician with the treatment of sinusitis; he will conduct a diagnosis based on clinical examinations and choose the optimal treatment to remove the infection and increase immunity and restore the body. The otorhinolaryngologist will also advise the best way to treat sinusitis at home and complement complex therapy. Proper treatment allows you to get rid of the disease in the shortest possible time. The duration of therapy under the supervision of a physician is on average 5-14 days. This eliminates the risk of complications and the spread of infection to other organs.

What medications are prescribed for sinusitis in adults?

Given the rather complex course of sinusitis, treatment of this disease involves complex drug therapy. They should reduce the outflow and remove pus and mucus, reduce pain, fight infection and prevent scarring. Different effects of medications in a certain direction potentiate the effect and effectively eliminate the problem. The combination of antibiotics, decongestants, analgesics, sulfonamides, mucolytics allows for a pronounced therapeutic effect.

Ospamox - this antibiotic is prescribed after determining the bacterial form of sinusitis. This beta-lactam representative is characterized by an increased bactericidal effect. It can easily destroy the structure of bacterial cell membranes and stop the proliferation of microorganisms.
Amoxil belongs to the group of semisynthetic aminopenicillins with a broad spectrum of action. It is effective against different strains of bacteria, which makes it indispensable in the treatment of bacterial sinusitis, which is caused by different types of microorganisms.
Azithromycin is indicated for sinusitis due to its powerful action against microbes. The course of treatment with the drug is 5 days, 500 mg on the first day and 250 mg in the next 4 days.
Augmentin is widely used to treat inflammation of the maxillary sinuses and nasal blockage. Adults are prescribed a regimen of 1 tablet 0.375 g x 3 times a day. However, the dosage is set according to the severity of the disease.
Sinupret is used in the form of dragees, drops, syrup. Helps liquefy pus and remove it from the maxillary sinuses. This drug is indicated for treatment at any age, starting from 2 years.
Nazol is intended to reduce swelling of the mucous membrane; the drug has a pronounced moisturizing effect and actively reduces blood flow.
Leconil has a vasoconstrictor effect and effectively reduces swelling. Thanks to its release in dosage form in the form of drops and sprays, taking the drug is easy and convenient.
Ibuprofen has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Usually used at low temperatures.
Naproxen, like other analgesics, is prescribed for pain. It has a pronounced analgesic, anti-inflammatory effect, and also has an antipyretic effect.
Sinuforte is shown in the picture; it has proven itself in the treatment of acute and chronic sinusitis, unilateral and bilateral forms of the disease, without side effects, based on natural ingredients. It easily copes with swelling and inflammatory processes, and has a pronounced therapeutic effect in various forms of the disease.
Ceftriaxone has a pronounced bactericidal effect and is effective against many microorganisms. It is indicated for sinusitis, sore throat, pneumonia. However, it has contraindications for renal failure, pregnancy, and individual intolerance.
Avelox is prescribed for acute sinusitis with copious discharge of pus. The tablet is taken once a day, regardless of the time of administration. Relief occurs on the 3rd day, the total course of treatment is 7 days. This antibiotic perfectly accelerates the discharge of pus and relieves congestion, improves breathing.

Depending on the correct choice of therapy, the treatment period directly depends, ranging from several days to weeks and months. Why you should choose a certain drug and how to treat a dangerous disease - these questions are best entrusted to a doctor who will select the optimal combination of drugs and the appropriate dosage for adults and children.

How much treatment will cost can be calculated on the website in accordance with the prices of the selected drugs. You can learn more about how to use medications and carry out procedures in the video. The main thing is to prescribe the correct treatment that can cure the disease. All questions can also be asked on the forum, including atypical odontogenic sinusitis or catarrhal form of the disease in accordance with the ICD (International Classification of Diseases). How to undergo rather complicated procedures, what Dr. Komarovsky advises, how to perform rather complicated procedures on a child, these and other questions can be asked to our consultant and you will receive a detailed answer from a specialist.

Author: Valentina Zaritskaya

What antibiotics are used to eliminate sinusitis?

Every ENT doctor knows what remedies are used for sinusitis. For this pathology the following may be prescribed:

Protected (with beta-lactamase inhibitor) and unprotected penicillins. They are the drugs of choice for mild sinusitis. The advantages of these drugs are availability, minimal side effects, good tolerability, wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and effectiveness.
Macrolides. Preparations based on azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, roxithromycin and josamycin are used). This group of antibiotics has bacteriostatic (suppresses the reproduction and growth of bacteria) and bactericidal effects (in high concentrations).
Fluoroquinolones. These antibiotics are prescribed to adults only in extreme cases, as well as when Pseudomonas aeruginosa is isolated.
Cephalosporins. They have a wide spectrum of action. Can be used orally and by injection.
Aminoglycosides in the form of a spray for intranasal use. The drug Isofra, containing framycetin sulfate, is often prescribed. This medicine can only be used if the nasal septum is intact.
Combined antibiotic-based products (Polydex).