Local antibiotic for the throat: tablets, lozenges, sprays

It would seem that a sore throat is easy to cure. I rinsed it with herbal infusions, and there were no problems. But sometimes the situation is so critical that homeopathy is useless. It is necessary to take more radical measures - use antibacterial medications. Many people believe that antibiotics are the way out. But is it? What are the dangers and advantages of antibiotics for the throat? Let's figure it out.

Only a doctor should prescribe antibiotics.

Antibiotics for a sore throat make sense when the cause of the disease is multiplied bacteria. You can get rid of them only with the help of antibiotics. To establish an accurate diagnosis, the patient needs to undergo a blood test, as well as a throat smear. A high level of leukocytes in the blood indicates a developing disease.

Antibiotics are used for the following symptoms of inflamed airways:

severe painful sensations; constant increase in temperature; swelling of the tonsils; the appearance of plaque or pus in the upper respiratory tract; pain in the submandibular part of the face; swelling of the lymph nodes; wheezing, difficulty breathing when coughing.

Antibacterial drugs are of great importance to physicians and are considered a panacea for many serious diseases. But they can also cause harm. To avoid this, during treatment with antibiotics you must strictly adhere to the rules of use and follow the recommendations of the treating doctor. Let's list these rules:

Almost all types of antibiotics have contraindications for use, as well as side effects. In addition, various drugs have an effect on certain groups of bacteria. Only the attending doctor has the right to prescribe these drugs only after he has conducted a thorough examination and established an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, self-medication is excluded here. After all, if you choose the wrong medicine, you will only harm the body. Often it is a virus that causes respiratory diseases. Often, with upper respiratory tract diseases, viruses become the cause. Therefore, antibacterial drugs are not used at the first signs of illness. A different kind of medicine is used here. Adult patients with a sore throat tend to make the mistake of stopping taking the antibiotic at the first feeling of relief. The bacteria are partially eliminated, get used to the antibiotic, developing immunity to it, which entails serious consequences - complications of the disease. Therefore, the medicine must be taken for as long as the doctor said, strictly observing the dosage. Treatment with antibiotics is carried out at the same time. For example, 8.00, 20.00. Taking a break from taking medications will give you the results you are looking for. Pain and fever cannot be eliminated with antibiotics. These symptoms can be removed with the help of additional medications. Pay attention to what medications your medication can be combined with. Since antibacterial drugs have a detrimental effect on beneficial bacteria, it is advisable to additionally take probiotics that restore intestinal microflora. And also drink plenty of fluids. If side effects occur (intestinal upset, nausea, dizziness), do not rush to stop taking the medicine. Tell your doctor everything. He will decide whether it is worth changing the antibiotic, or maybe just adjust the dosage. Before taking it, read the instructions carefully and follow the instructions. While taking antibiotics, you should avoid alcohol, fatty, smoked, fried, and sour foods. They may negatively affect the effectiveness of the medicine.

Antibacterial agents are prescribed to adults for the following diseases of the upper respiratory tract of bacterial origin:

sore throat; tonsillitis; laryngitis; pharyngitis.

If you do not resort to antibiotics for these diseases, you can develop complications in the form of peritonsillar abscess, otitis media, pneumonia, or otitis media.

Antibiotics are also used for complicated upper respiratory tract disease in children. Many parents are against this treatment. But they must understand that refusing such treatment for children can lead to harmful consequences.

Only the doctor makes a diagnosis and decides which antibacterial drugs to treat children with.

For diseases of the upper respiratory tract, four groups of antibiotics are used:

penicillins; macrolides; lincosamides; cephalosporins.

For adults suffering from upper respiratory tract diseases, antibiotics are available in the form of tablets and capsules. For children there is a powder from which a suspension is prepared. This is convenient for home treatment when the disease does not require hospitalization.

Macrolides

Erythromycin is used for staphylococcal tonsillitis. The characteristics are similar to penicillin antibiotics. Due to its low toxicity, this drug can be taken by pregnant women. Spiramycin effectively eliminates respiratory tract infections. It is a gentle, low-toxic antibiotic. But it is contraindicated for pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Lincosamides

Lincomycin has proven itself well during the treatment of the upper respiratory tract. It is used against sore throats of bacterial origin. Clindamycin treats exclusively sore throats caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Doctors love this drug. It has a high penetration rate into tissues and is characterized by the total destruction of pathogenic microorganisms. Due to its rapid half-life, it should be taken four times daily. This antibiotic is also called Clindacin, or Dalacin.

Indications for the use of antibiotics

If the inflammatory process and sore throat are caused by a viral infection, then it is not advisable to prescribe antibiotics. This group of medications can only be used to eliminate bacterial infections.

In order to select the appropriate medication, it is necessary to identify the causative agent of the disease and determine its sensitivity to the active component. The doctor takes a smear for bacteriological culture.

If possible, preference is given to local dosage forms: sprays, lozenges, rinses, etc.

Oral administration of antibacterial agents is indicated in the following cases:

• A sharp, persistent increase in body temperature of more than 38.5 degrees, intoxication of the body.
• Formation of purulent plugs on the tonsils.
• Enlarged cervical and mandibular lymph nodes.
• Development of complications: otitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis.

In some cases, oral antibiotics are vital.

For example, with sore throats caused by streptococcal infections, the lack of proper treatment is fraught with the development of complications: rheumatism, otitis media, abscesses, meningitis.

Inexpensive but effective throat treatment sprays

This form of release is considered the most convenient; the use of sprays helps:

1. Deliver the substances directly to the site of inflammation.
2. Reduce the likelihood of side effects.
3. Minimize the risks associated with the use of antibiotics in a child with ARVI.

Antibacterial nasal spray allows you to deliver the necessary components directly to the site of inflammation. This is its undoubted advantage; in addition, the drug contains not only antibiotics, but also local anesthetics. They help reduce the severity of pain and significantly improve the patient’s well-being.

Antibiotics stop the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms. Since the substances do not enter the bloodstream, their use is not associated with serious risks.

The local antibiotic is good because it does not enter the bloodstream, which means it does not have a strong toxic effect on the body as a whole.

Among the sprays, the Bioparox spray was popular, but its production was discontinued because the component Fusafungin, which was part of the composition, affected the functioning of the respiratory system and could cause a spasm, leading to the development of asphyxia.

For obvious reasons, the drug Bioparox was discontinued back in April 2020. It is worth noting that the spray does not have exact pharmacological analogues (for the active substance).

There are several medicines that contain antibiotics and are used to treat sore throat, sore throat, laryngitis and other diseases:

• Hexoral;
• Novosept;
  An excellent remedy for treating laryngitis at the first symptoms
• Stopangin;
• Octenisept;
• Lugol.

All these drugs contain antibacterial components and can be used as prescribed by a doctor.

You should not prescribe such sprays yourself, since they are effective only in the event of a bacterial infection.

These drugs are considered safe, they should be used according to the instructions, and can be combined with gargles or other procedures aimed at eliminating the main signs of sore throat.

Many throat sprays contain not only antibiotics and antiseptics, they also contain extracts of beneficial plants, they soften an irritated throat and help get rid of pain faster.

Systemic antibacterial agents

For sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and persistent fever, preference is given to the following groups of antibiotics:

When selecting a suitable medicine, adhere to the following criteria:

• The drug must have a bactericidal effect.
• Tablets or capsules are not inactivated when exposed to enzymes secreted by pathogenic microorganisms.
• The active substance is quickly absorbed, has a selective effect and accumulates only at the site of the lesion.
• The drug has a prolonged effect.
• The likelihood of toxic effects and the development of adverse reactions is minimal.

The selection of a suitable, effective and safe medicine can only be carried out by a therapist or otolaryngologist after receiving the results of a smear to examine the microflora.

Until the results are obtained, the doctor can decide to use a medicine with the widest possible spectrum of action.

What are antibiotics and why are they used for sore throats?

Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the development and activity of bacterial cells, which leads to their death.
It is useless to take them if the causative agent is a virus or fungus. Antibiotics are not universal drugs. According to their spectrum of action, they are divided into groups: they can destroy several subspecies of bacteria at once or be narrowly targeted - kill only one type of microorganism.

Throat diseases can be viral, fungal or bacterial in nature.

The bacterium can cause the following pathologies:

• sore throat (tonsillitis);
• pharyngitis;
• epiglottitis;
• throat abscess;
• scarlet fever;
• diphtheria and others.

Moreover, the same disease can appear for different reasons. For example, a sore throat can be fungal, viral or bacterial.

All of the above pathologies are accompanied by severe symptoms: sore throat, general weakness, signs of intoxication.

Antibacterial drugs can destroy not only pathogenic microflora, but also beneficial ones present in the body of a healthy person.

Therefore, their uncontrolled use threatens the development of such complications:

• allergic reactions;
• bacteria become resistant to the components of the drug, and the disease can become chronic;
• liver dysfunction and others.

Such conditions do not develop after one-day use of the drug. But if you take the medicine for several days without taking into account the dosage, complications will make themselves felt.

Augmentin

Combined antibiotic for systemic use based on amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.

Protected from the effects of enzymes of pathogenic microorganisms, effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

The two-component composition expands the spectrum of pharmacological activity. The drug is well tolerated and is one of the safest.

For ease of use, Augmentin is presented in several dosage forms: syrup, tablets for internal use.

Azithromycin

An antibiotic with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, which accumulates in affected tissues and has a prolonged effect.

Effective against a large number of pathogenic microorganisms that can provoke inflammatory diseases of the throat: copes with staphylococci, streptococci, mycoplasmas, legionella.

The drug is not used for individual intolerance to the components, chronic pathologies of the liver and kidneys, congenital anomalies of the development of cardiac conduction systems, accompanied by tachyarrhythmia.

It is enough to drink the drug once a day, preferably at the same time of day.

What injections for sore throat are prescribed to patients?

The drug of choice for treating sore throat is antibiotics. They prevent the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, thereby reducing disease activity.

The most commonly used drugs are:

1. Ceftriaxone. The medicine belongs to the group of cephalosporins. The drug is usually administered intramuscularly or intravenously. Can be prescribed to adults and children even at an early age. During pregnancy, use with caution, only from the second trimester if other drugs are ineffective.
2. Semi-synthetic penicillins. This group includes Amoxicillin and Amoxiclav. Medicines are classic drugs for combating purulent tonsillitis. However, many people are intolerant to penicillin antibiotics. The drug is used in both adults and children; it is dispensed to pregnant women strictly according to indications in the presence of a severe pathological process.
3. Cefazolin. The medicine is also a cephalosporin and has a wide spectrum of action against pathogenic microorganisms that cause sore throat. Most often the drug is administered intramuscularly, less often – intravenously. It is not recommended to use the drug in an adult patient with kidney and liver diseases. The use of Cefazolin during pregnancy is contraindicated.
4. Bicillin. The drug is available in powder form, which must be diluted with saline or sterile water. The medicine can be used in both adults and children. It can be used to prevent relapse. To do this, after completion of treatment, a minimum dosage of the drug is prescribed, which is administered in injections once every 2 weeks. During pregnancy, the drug should be used with caution.

Grammidin S

A polypeptide antibiotic that is indicated for patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the throat and oral cavity without fever.

Increases the permeability of microbial cell membranes, causing a violation of their stability with subsequent decay.

Helps relieve inflammation, facilitate swallowing, and eliminate discomfort in the throat.

The tablets can be used from 4 years of age: keep in the mouth until the medicine is completely dissolved.

It is not recommended to drink or eat food for 60-120 minutes after using the tablet. The course of admission is up to 6 days, can be extended by prior agreement with the doctor.

Decathylene

A drug with bactericidal and fungostatic effects, effective for mixed infections affecting the throat and oral cavity.

Affects gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, spirochetes, fungal infections.

Indicated for gingivitis, ulcerative and aphthous stomatitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis.

Recommendations regarding the tablet dosage regimen:

• 4-12 years: 1 pc. every 3 hours. After the unpleasant symptoms have passed, Decathylene is used once every 4 hours.
• 12 years old - adults: 1 pc. every 2 hours, after symptoms subside - every 4 hours.

The drug is not used in cases of intolerance to the components or allergic reactions to ammonium compounds.

Decathylene is well tolerated; in rare cases, rash, itching, burning and irritation of the mucous membranes have been reported. Long-term use of the drug in high dosage is fraught with the development of necrosis and ulcerative lesions.

The antibacterial properties of the active substance decrease when interacting with the anionic tenside contained in the toothpaste.

Popular throat sprays with antibiotics

High bioavailability of the components of the composition, the ability to take the medicine in any conditions (as opposed to rinsing, inhalation and other topical agents), low degree of systemic exposure of the drug to the body - these advantages of antibiotic sprays make them the drugs of choice in the treatment of uncomplicated bacterial infections. Only a doctor can prescribe such a medicine, because the medicine is selected according to the type of microorganism that caused the inflammation. Self-medication is fraught with aggravation of the patient's condition.

Ingalipt

Russian-made antibacterial spray Ingalipt contains sodium norsulfazole, soluble streptocide, thymol, sucrose, mint and eucalyptus extracts. The combination of these active components relieves swelling of the mucous membranes, has antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, relieves pain, and is active against Candida fungi. The drug is prescribed as part of the complex treatment of bacterial inflammation of the upper respiratory tract:

• tonsillitis;
• rhinopharyngitis;
• bacterial or fungal infection.

Dosage for adult patients and children over 12 years of age – 1-2 injections through the mouth, 3-4 times a day, for 7-10 days. Contraindications are allergies to one of the components, kidney and liver diseases (nephrosis, nephritis), disorders of the hematopoietic organs and chronic autoimmune diseases. Treatment may cause side effects such as skin rash, nausea and vomiting, dry mouth, angioedema. The price of a 30 ml bottle in Moscow pharmacies ranges from 90 to 160 rubles.

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Tantum Verde

Antibiotic throat spray Tantum Verde from Italian pharmacists is made on the basis of benzydamine hydrochloride, a component that has an anesthetic antimicrobial effect. This substance exhibits pronounced fungicidal activity against fungi of the Candida type, therefore it is prescribed, among other things, for candidiasis with a focus of infection in the oral cavity. Dosage regimen – 0.255 mg (1 dose); spray into the oral cavity every 1.5–3 hours, 4–8 injections for adults, 3–4 for children from 6 to 12 years old.

This antibiotic throat spray is contraindicated in case of individual hypersensitivity to the components of the product; the use of the drug may cause burning and dryness of the mucous membranes, allergic reactions, laryngospasm or an asthma attack. The price of Tantum Verde in the form of an aerosol for topical use in Moscow pharmacies is 260–420 rubles per 30 ml.

Tantum Verde description and instructions - CLOSE PLAN.

Hexoral

The American spray for sore throat with the antibiotic Hexoral is made on the basis of hexetidine. This substance is a thiamine antagonist, has a pronounced antimicrobial, antiseptic effect, and has an antifungal and antibacterial effect. The product relieves sore throat, cough and pain in sore throats, pharyngitis, and other purulent inflammations of the pharynx, and is used in complex treatment as an adjuvant.

Throat spray with antibiotics Hexoral is sprayed into the throat twice a day (morning and evening), for 1-3 seconds. The duration of treatment with the drug ranges from 7–10 days. The medicine is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to its components and under the age of 3 years. May change taste sensations (in case of individual intolerance). The cost of a 40 ml bottle varies from 240 to 360 rubles.

Spray (aerosol) Hexoral

Kameton

Aerosol for throat with antibiotic Kameton is a combined topical preparation containing chlorobutanol hydrate, eucalyptus oil, camphor, menthol, which has a cooling, soothing effect on the sore throat. An antiseptic with a local anesthetic effect, the spray relieves inflammation and prevents the spread of the infectious process.

Before using the drug, rinse the throat with a soda solution or chlorhexidine. The product is injected into the right and left corners of the pharynx, 2-3 injections, 3-4 times a day, for a week. Do not use the medicine if you are under 5 years of age or if you are hypersensitive to any of the components. Taking it may cause side effects such as skin rashes and a burning sensation in the nasopharynx. The price of a 30 ml bottle is 65–110 rubles.

Stopangin

A local antibiotic for the throat, Stopangin, is produced by an Israeli pharmacological company based on hexetidine and a complex of essential oils (eucalyptus, mint, anise, orange tree). Active ingredient of the drug:

1. has antibacterial, antiseptic and fungicidal effects;
2. relieves discomfort when coughing;
3. has an analgesic, enveloping effect.

Stopangin is not prescribed to children under 8 years of age, during pregnancy, with dry atrophic pharyngitis and individual intolerance to the main components. Use of this antibiotic throat spray may cause allergies (including angioedema), bronchospasm, or laryngospasm. Frequency of use – 2 times/day, between meals, 2 injections, for 7–10 days. The price of a 30 ml bottle is from 200 to 290 rubles.

Bioparox

Bioparox spray based on fusafungin (a polypeptide antibiotic with anti-inflammatory activity) has a local antibacterial effect without reducing the effectiveness of systemic antimicrobial agents. The drug is prescribed for bacterial inflammatory infections of the respiratory system, at the catarrhal stage of purulent tonsillitis, at the initial stages of sinusitis - the medicine will relieve swelling of the sinuses, nasal congestion, and will promote the removal of phlegm. Dosage – 1 injection in each nasal passage or two in the mouth, 4 times a day.

The drug is contraindicated under the age of 2.5 years and in case of intolerance to one of the components. The use of the spray can cause dryness in the nasopharynx, soreness and nausea, individual allergic reactions from the skin or mucous membranes, bronchospasm, swelling, anaphylactic shock (with hypersensitivity to the components). The price of one bottle is 400–450 rubles.

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Sore throat

Local antibiotic for the throat Anginal based on herbal components (extracts of chamomile, sage, mallow, eucalyptus leaf) has an anti-inflammatory and mild antibacterial effect. The components of the composition are active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungal microorganisms, destroying infectious agents. The spray is sprayed 4-8 times a day, 2-3 doses (one press - 0.132 g), for the complex treatment of bacterial respiratory tract infections.

The product can be used during pregnancy; it is contraindicated in children under 3 years of age, with bronchial asthma and with high sensitivity to the components of the drug. Throat spray with herbal antibiotic Anginal can cause an allergic reaction (burning and swelling of the mucous membrane), if there is an individual intolerance to one of the components of the composition. The price of the drug ranges from 400 to 460 rubles.

Isofra

The drug Isofra in the form of a nasal spray is produced on the basis of the aminoglycoside framycetin. This active ingredient has antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The medicine is prescribed for bacterial pharyngitis and sinusitis, rhinopharyngitis and sinusitis, applied intranasally (through the nose), 1 injection 3-4 times a day. The therapy is well tolerated, but may cause adverse dermatological reactions. The price of a 15 ml bottle is 310–465 rubles.

Polydexa

A combined preparation for topical use in the form of Polydex spray contains neomycin sulfate, polymexine sulfate, dexamethasone sodium metasulfabenzoate. The components of the composition have a vasoconstrictor and antibacterial effect, relieve swelling from the mucous membranes, ensuring free passage of the respiratory tract. Nasal spray is used to treat purulent bacterial inflammation of the nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses.

The dosage is 2-3 injections into each nasal passage per day, for 7-10 days. The drug is not prescribed for kidney disease, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and hypertension. The drug can cause dryness in the nasopharynx, allergic reactions on the skin, and with prolonged use - tachycardia, insomnia, and increased blood pressure. The price of a 15 ml bottle is from 310 to 440 rubles.

Octenisept

Immunostimulating throat spray with antibiotic Octenisept is produced on the basis of octenidine and phenoxyethanol. These active components effectively destroy a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeast fungi, lipophilic viruses (including hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex and dermatophytes). The medicine is used for local treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, healing of burns and purulent wounds, bedsores and trophic ulcers.

For a bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract, the patient is prescribed 1-2 irrigations of 20 ml (4-6 seconds), 2-3 times a day, for 10-14 days. During treatment, you may experience a feeling of bitterness in the mouth, burning and dryness in the nose and throat. The use of the spray is contraindicated in case of individual intolerance to its components. The price for a 250 ml bottle ranges from 650 to 970 rubles.

Trachisan

Trachisan is a combined drug with antimicrobial and local anesthetic effects.

The active substances are:

• Tyrothricin is a multicomponent mixture with an antibacterial effect. The special mechanism of action does not provoke the development of cross-resistance.
• Chlorhexidine - affects gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.
• Lidocaine is a local anesthetic.

Trachisan does not contain sugar, so taking the medicine does not provoke caries. The tablets can be used by patients with a history of diabetes.