How to treat a sore throat for an adult: quickly and effectively

Types of sore throat and medications used

The symptoms of acute tonsillitis have similarities with other diseases of similar and distinct etiology. For example, a sore throat is characteristic of an acute respiratory infection, and a severe inflammatory process is characteristic of infectious mononucleosis.

Given that the clinical manifestations are not considered specific to angina, there is no need to start treatment without first consulting a doctor. This can lead to complications, many of which threaten not only health, but also human life.

Treatment based on cause

Most cases of the disease are diagnosed due to exposure to group A hemolytic streptococcus. Less commonly, angina develops against the background of a staphylococcal infection or a combination of pathogens (streptococcus and staphylococcus).

Other pathogens:

• viral infection (descending frequency: adenovirus types 1-9, Coxsackie enterovirus, herpesvirus infection);
• combined effects of Vincent's spirochete and fusiform bacillus (contribute to the development of ulcerative membranous tonsillitis);
• fungal infection, often in combination with pathogens from the cocci group.

The risk of contracting an infectious disease increases with chronic inflammatory processes in the mouth, nose or paranasal sinuses, decreased immune defense, hypothermia, and a history of trauma to the tonsils.

Considering the etiology of angina, appropriate medications are prescribed:

• for bacterial tonsillitis - antibacterial drugs;
• for viral tonsillitis - antiviral agents;
• for fungal tonsillitis - antifungal medications.

Symptomatic treatment is carried out using antipyretics, antiseptics, and immunomodulatory compounds.

Antipyretic and symptomatic drugs

Local agents with anesthetics, essential oils and herbal ingredients help relieve sore throat and sore throat. They can contain decoctions of chamomile and sage and other plants. Ingalipt, Septolete and Strepsils have a combined anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and symptomatic effect.

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To relieve fever, antipyretics from different groups are used, excluding aspirin. For angina, Nurofen, drugs with paracetamol, and ibufen are prescribed. You should not get carried away with symptomatic drugs like Theraflu - they are more suitable for helping with ARVI.

Antibacterial drugs

Antibiotics and drugs from other groups are prescribed only after confirming the diagnosis and determining the etiology of the disease. If the bacterial nature of the inflammatory process is confirmed, antibacterial medications are the first-line treatment to quickly relieve symptoms.

To identify the pathogen and its type, a bacteriological examination of biological material taken from the surface of the inflamed tonsil and the back wall of the throat is carried out.

Sowing the biomaterial allows you to determine the sensitivity of microorganisms to a specific drug.

In case of acute purulent tonsillitis, systemic drugs are first prescribed. Preference is given to penicillins, and if the body does not tolerate them, to 1-2 generation cephalosporins. As a last resort, macrolides are used, which rarely cause adverse reactions.

Antibiotics are designed for a course of treatment, so it is forbidden to interrupt taking the drug if the condition improves. This will increase the risk of a new exacerbation of the disease and complications due to the spread of infection to other organs and systems.

Antibacterial agents in the form of tablets and other forms are not used in the treatment of viral and fungal sore throat.

Popular products for adults

The most effective antibiotics for sore throat for adults can be placed in the table:

The above remedies are taken if the sore throat is mild to moderate in severity. In case of advanced development of the disease, preference is given to injectable antibiotics:

1. Ceftriaxone
   . The injection solution is a potent drug and is prescribed in extreme cases when other types of drugs are ineffective. Contraindications: liver or kidney failure, pregnancy in the 1st trimester, enteritis, colitis.

2. Amoxicillin
   . It is often combined with clavulanic acid, which enhances the therapeutic effect for severe tonsillitis. Contraindications: intolerance to the active substance, a history of allergies to the constituent components.

3. Benzylpenicillin
   . The drug is effective against most gram-positive bacteria. The only absolute contraindication is allergic predisposition. Possible combination with antifungal agents.

Rarely, lincosamides (Lincomycin, Clindamycin, etc.) are prescribed for angina, which in most cases cause adverse reactions.

Popular products for children

In the treatment of purulent sore throat for children, the following medications from the group of antibiotics are prescribed:

For children, antibiotics in the form of an injection solution are not prescribed. There are other drugs on the pharmaceutical market in other forms of release that are no less effective and can quickly stop the inflammatory process.

For children under 5 years of age, medications are usually prescribed before culture results are obtained, since in a child at an early age, sore throat develops with rapid progression and causes complications in the heart and joints.

Antibacterial treatment

Of course, not all patients with sore throat require antibiotics. For example, if the patient’s general health suffers little, there are no purulent plaques on the tonsils, and there is no high temperature (that is, simple, mild catarrhal tonsillitis), then you can do without them. But to determine this, as well as to assess the risk of complications, you need to consult a doctor, and the sooner the better.

After all, only a doctor prescribes antibacterial drugs and antibiotics, especially since in the Russian Federation antibiotics are currently sold in pharmacies by prescription. What are the most effective safe antibiotics used to treat sore throat?

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Suprax or cefixime is a 3rd generation cephalosporin, and it is a broad-spectrum drug. It is available in capsules of 200 and 400 mg, and has a bacteriostatic effect, that is, it suppresses the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, but does not kill them. This is important because the death of a large number of microbes can cause increased intoxication due to the instantaneous disintegration of their cells.

Suprax is used for angina as a reserve antibiotic if patients are intolerant to other antibiotics. But in pediatric practice it is widely used, and for children there is a special form of Suprax in the form of a sweet syrup with strawberry flavor. This remedy is also widely used to treat complications of sore throat, such as bronchitis.

How to treat acute tonsillitis in adults? In 90% of cases, pathology occurs against the background of the development of gram-positive and gram-negative microbes. Pathogenic microorganisms are not sensitive to the effects of antiviral or antifungal drugs. To destroy them, you need to take antibacterial drugs.

There are several groups of antimicrobial medications, but only some of them are used in the treatment of acute and chronic tonsillitis:

• penicillins - a group of systemic antibacterial agents, the components of which are active against most gram-positive and some gram-negative microbes;
• Cephalosporins are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents with pronounced bacteriostatic and bacteriolytic effects. Used in case of ineffectiveness or allergic reaction to penicillins;
• macrolides are one of the safest drugs that do not cause side effects. They are used to treat acute tonsillitis not only in adults, but also in children.

Antibiotics are effective medications that help destroy bacterial pathogenic flora. However, uncontrolled use of medications is fraught with dysbacteriosis and a decrease in the body's resistance.

Antiviral agents

It will not be possible to cure herpes sore throat with antibacterial agents. If this etiology of the disease is confirmed, drugs with antiviral action are prescribed, which increase the body's protective function, inhibit the inflammatory process and reduce the intensity of symptoms.

One of the best remedies used for follicular or other types of viral sore throat is the drug Groprinosin. For adults and children over 12 years of age, the daily dosage is 50 mg/kg body weight, from 1-12 years old - 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight for a child weighing 10-20 kg (with a body weight of more than 20 kg, take a dose as for adults)

If acute tonsillitis is mild, special medications are not prescribed. In this case, it is sufficient to carry out symptomatic therapy with the use of antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and vitamin compounds.

In combination with drug treatment, you need to follow a balanced diet that includes a sufficient amount of vegetables and fruits.

As with other types of sore throat, you need to keep semi-bed rest, drink more fluids, and avoid physical activity.

Antibiotics and antivirals for sore throat

To select the best and most effective remedies for sore throat for adults, you need to collect information about the disease itself, its causative agent and development. Sore throat can occur in different forms - from catarrhal, follicular and lacunar to herpetic and viral. If the first three types can be treated with the use of antibiotics and antiseptics, then viral diseases of the throat and tonsils cannot be suppressed. To successfully combat [purulent sore throat] of bacterial origin, the use of antibiotics with a specific spectrum of action will be required.

Penicillin-based drugs, amoxicillin

Penicillin drugs and derivatives demonstrate proven effectiveness in practice - these are amoxicillin and amoxiclav, their form is protected from destruction and is more effective. The drug disrupts metabolic processes in microflora cells and prevents them from living. It has a wide spectrum of action, effective against streptococci and staphylococci, the main pathogens of all variations of purulent and [follicular tonsillitis].

Proven benefits of the group's drugs:

• rapid absorption and penetration into tissues, saturation of body fluids with transfer and high concentration;

• the possibility of use for purulent sore throats in children of any age in the forms of suspensions and powders for preparing a suspension;

• action on a wide range of bacteria with protection from the blockers they produce;

• effectiveness does not depend on food intake.

The drugs can be prescribed to children from 3 months of age with a mandatory allergy test at the first dose.

Other strong antibiotics for sore throat

Antibiotics used for sore throats in adults and children are divided into several groups. If it is impossible to use broad-spectrum agents and there is a need to increase efficiency, the doctor prescribes cephalosporin drugs - the benefits are similar to penicillins and amoxicillin, but the effect is stronger due to the dissolution of bacterial cell membranes. However, Cefuroxime and analogues should not be given to children under 2 years of age, pregnant or lactating women.

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Macrolides and lincosamides are used extremely rarely due to serious contraindications and toxicity. Therefore, the prescription of drugs such as Sumamed and Clindamycin for angina should be justified and individual.

To suppress fungal sore throats caused by thrush, nystatin and a composition based on it are used. Effectiveness depends on correct identification of the type of candida fungus. The prescription should only be made by a doctor based on the results of a study of the fungal environment.

Antiviral antianginal drugs

Viral and herpetic sore throats in children and adults are more difficult to treat, since there are no drugs that effectively act on the viruses themselves. Mainly used are means to maintain and stimulate the immune system, immunoglobulin inhibitors, immunomodulators such as Anaferon and Kagocel. Their action is secondary. If there are obvious signs of tonsillitis and tonsillitis of herpes origin, specific antiherpes drugs of local and general action are prescribed. A separate treatment regimen applies to [herpangina].

Antifungal medications

Fungal tonsillitis is characterized by damage to mucous and lymphoid tissues due to exposure to yeast or mold fungi. Antibacterial and antiviral agents are ineffective. Sore throat is treated with antifungal agents.

Locally irrigate the throat with Miramistin or Hexoral. You can treat inflamed mucous membranes with a solution of iodinol, quinozol or povidone iodine. Adults and children (including up to one year old) are prescribed throat irrigation with a solution of silver nitrate. The most commonly used local antifungal agents are:

• levorin solution;

• natamycin solution;
• terbinafine solution.

Sprays Hexoral, Bioparox, Stopangin, whose main effect is antiseptic, are considered less effective in the treatment of fungal tonsillitis.

For oral administration, capsules of the drug Itraconazole, which has an antifungal effect, are prescribed. For severe purulent tonsillitis, medications are used in the form of injection solutions, for example, Fluconazole.

To stimulate immune defense, general strengthening therapy is carried out, which consists of taking vitamin preparations based on ascorbic acid, vitamins B and K, magnesium, potassium (Panangin, Asparkam, Complivit, Supradin, etc.).

You need to exclude foods that contain large amounts of carbohydrates from your diet.

Symptomatic treatment

It is not possible to quickly get rid of an elevated temperature. With angina, it lasts up to 3-4 days. At this time, if high levels are observed, you can take antipyretics. Ibuprofen has a complex effect, which reduces the inflammatory reaction and the severity of pain. Other antipyretic drugs: Panadol, Aspirin, Paracetamol.

Faringosept lozenges help reduce the intensity of swelling and pain. The main active ingredient is ambazone monohydrate, which has antiseptic, antimicrobial and bacteriostatic effects.

At home, you can gargle with Furacilin solution. The product has a wide spectrum of action, has antimicrobial and antiseptic effects. Available in the form of tablets, which are crushed and dissolved with water according to the instructions.

Furacilin is also available in the form of effervescent tablets that do not require crushing.

No less effective is the alcohol solution Chlorophyllipt, which has an antimicrobial effect. Since the instructions do not include acute tonsillitis among the indications, the dosage, frequency and duration of use is determined by the doctor.

Strepsils lozenges are often prescribed, which are effective against fungal and bacterial inflammatory processes. It is recommended to take a tablet every 2-3 hours. The maximum daily dosage is 8 tablets.

How to treat a sore throat

This disease can only be contracted from the outside. It does not live in the body for years, waiting for the immune system to weaken. Infection with a sore throat is possible only by getting streptococcus inside the body. From this we can conclude that exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis and tonsillitis are different pathologies, despite the similarity of their symptoms. How to determine inflammation of the tonsils? The following signs indicate this:

• lymph nodes become enlarged and begin to hurt (under the jaw, near the bottom of the ear);
• body temperature rises;
• signs of intoxication are noticeable (sweating, weakness, headache, chills, loss of appetite);
• The tonsils become red, swollen, and covered with pus.

There are several types of the disease, each has a specific nature of development, but they all manifest themselves in approximately the same way. Thus, fungal tonsillitis is caused by an infection - a fungus of the genus Candida in symbiosis with cocci. As a result, the patient begins to experience inflammation of the lymphatic pharyngeal ring and palatine tonsils. On the latter, a whitish purulent coating will be noticeable due to the proliferation of a fungal pathogen.

Often, the fungal form of pathology accompanies other viral diseases such as influenza or ARVI, and develops as a result of prolonged treatment with antibiotics, which causes dysbacteriosis against the background of weakened immunity. In fact, a violation of the microflora is the main cause of the development of this disease, so treatment should primarily be aimed at eliminating dysbiosis.

At the initial stage, angina is an inflammatory process in the lymphadenoid ring of the pharynx. The secondary stage of pathology occurs as a consequence of previous infectious diseases such as scarlet fever or diphtheria, causing damage to the circulatory system and tonsils. At each stage, the presence of certain infections is recorded. Home treatment for a throat is quick and effective only when a combination of various drugs occurs, including antibiotics, folk remedies

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Treatment of sore throat in adults at home

The doctor prescribes pills and local medications to a patient with a sore throat and advises regularly performing certain manipulations that help quickly cure purulent and viral sore throat. Treating a throat at home in adults involves:

• taking vitamins;
• frequent drinking;
• bed rest;
• refusal of physical activity;
• frequent rinsing of the mouth with special solutions;
• taking anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics;
• local treatment.

In the treatment of angina, care and nutrition play an important role:

1. The food consumed should be soft, or preferably liquid, so as not to injure the mucous membrane of the throat.
2. You should not drink hot tea, so as not to provoke blood flow to the inflamed area of ​​the larynx.
3. Since the disease is contagious, it is necessary to isolate the patient, frequently carry out wet cleaning and ventilate the room.
4. The drinking regime should be strengthened - this is important for the rapid removal of decay products from the body and replenishment of lost fluid due to excessive sweating.

Treatment of sore throat in children

Young children get sick more often than adults because their immunity is not yet fully developed. To cure them quickly, it is important to start therapy at an early stage of sore throat. Otherwise, there is a high probability of developing complications such as kidney inflammation, rheumatism, and heart disease. Not all drugs and folk remedies used by adults are suitable for children. How to treat sore throat in children? The independent use of antibiotics is strictly prohibited: a viral disease cannot be treated with their help, and only a doctor can determine the nature of the pathology.

When choosing the appropriate treatment for a child, the doctor determines the form of the disease, which can be:

• catarrhal (the mildest form, in which the throat is red, but clear, does not hurt much);
• lacunar or follicular (dangerous forms that are difficult to cure, characterized by the presence of purulent spots on the tonsils).

For catarrhal sore throat, the doctor prescribes a throat spray such as Hexoral, Ingalipt or Tantum Verde. In addition, rinsing with herbal infusions (with the addition of chamomile, calendula, eucalyptus), and taking syrups may be indicated. At the same time, it is forbidden to lubricate the child’s throat with Lugol, kerosene or iodine - these products destroy the protective film on the tonsils, which contributes to a faster infection. Antiviral drugs are prescribed only for the viral type of disease: the most effective among them are Viferon, Ergoferon, Tsitovir.

Follicular tonsillitis is characterized by a high temperature, so the doctor prescribes antipyretics to the baby. In addition, in this case, antibacterial therapy is prescribed (the course of treatment is 5-7 days). The lacunar form of the disease can be cured in the same way as the follicular form - with antibiotics, which are selected by the doctor based on test results. Additionally, gargles and antihistamine tablets are prescribed to reduce swelling of the mucous membrane.

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How to treat tonsillitis during pregnancy?

If acute tonsillitis develops during pregnancy, the doctor is careful when choosing medications, since many of them are contraindicated during pregnancy.

For bacterial sore throat, you can take some antibacterial agents that are completely safe for both the mother and the fetus. Among them:

• Sumamed;
• Clarithromycin;
• Cefepime;
• Cefazolin;
• Rovamycin.

In the first trimester of pregnancy, it is prohibited to use aspirin-based medications to reduce elevated body temperature. The substance increases the risk of premature birth, spontaneous abortion, and the development of congenital defects in the fetus in the womb. It is better to give preference to products containing paracetamol.

Antiviral drugs allowed during gestation:

• Arbidol;
• Viferon;
• Anaferon;
• Oscillococcinum.

Approved antifungal medications (upon physician approval):

• Diflucan;
• Mikosist.

Tonsillitis requires drinking plenty of fluids. However, during pregnancy you should not abuse it. Otherwise, swelling of the limbs may occur.

Basic rules for treating sore throat

For therapy to be beneficial, certain treatment rules must be followed. It must be comprehensive, including several main stages of the fight: relief of symptoms, destruction of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as prevention of possible complications.

What experts advise:

• Treatment of sore throat with medications should be carried out after preliminary consultation with an otolaryngologist.
• Particular attention should be paid to the antibiotics taken, which are prescribed only after a preliminary analysis.
• Be sure to observe bed rest. Being in a horizontal position will save the body's strength, which it can spend on fighting the disease.
• It is recommended to drink more warm liquid. These can be fruit drinks or medicinal teas. It is especially useful to drink an infusion of viburnum, cranberries, black currants, lemon and honey.
• It is worth giving preference to light food. Dishes should be low-fat, low-calorie, prepared with minimal heat treatment. Switching to a lighter diet will also allow you to spend energy not on digestion, but on eliminating the infection.
• If the disease is accompanied by high fever and signs of general intoxication, you should consult a competent doctor. An ENT specialist can prescribe the optimal treatment for sore throat in adults, medications that will be necessary in a particular case, and also promptly identify infectious complications if they arise.

Unconventional means

Inexpensive treatment - folk remedies, which, in mild cases of the disease, are no less effective than pharmaceutical drugs. The basis of unconventional therapy is gargling with natural ingredients. What ingredients should you have on hand:

• beets: wash the fruit well, add water, put on fire and cook until tender, gargle with the cooled broth throughout the day;
• plantain, marigold, wormwood: dry the herbs, chop them, take 1 tbsp. raw materials, pour 250 ml of boiling water, simmer for 15 minutes, cool, gargle every 2 hours;
• chamomile: 1 tbsp. dried flowers, pour 200 ml of hot water, leave to infuse for 1 hour, strain, gargle 3 times a day, dissolving 1 tbsp in the liquid. honey;

• St. John's wort: 2 tbsp. pour the dried herb with alcohol in a volume of 200 ml, leave to infuse in a dark place for 14 days, strain, dilute 20 drops of infusion in a glass of water, take up to 4 times a day;
• chamomile, linden blossom, oak bark: components in equal proportions, pre-dried, add water in proportions 1:5, put on fire, simmer for 5-10 minutes, after removing from heat, leave to infuse for 30 minutes, strain, gargle three times a day.

Basil oil will also be effective: dissolve a few drops in 200 ml of clean water, gargle up to 6 times a day.

Other methods of using folk remedies

Formulations with natural ingredients are recommended to be taken orally. This will strengthen the immune system and strengthen the body’s fight against infectious pathogens of sore throat.

What remedies can be prepared:

• from walnut leaves: dry the leaves, chop them, 2 tbsp. pour 500 ml of boiling water, leave to infuse overnight, strain, take 100 ml 2 times a day;
• from mint, lemon balm, chestnut flowers: mix ingredients in equal parts, 3 tbsp. pour 1 liter of hot water, leave to infuse for 2 hours, take 100 ml twice a day;
• from the roots of elecampane, rosehip: take 1 tbsp. components, pour 1 liter of hot water, put on fire and simmer for 10 minutes, after cooling, strain the product, take during the day instead of tea;

• from garlic and lemon: wash the lemon, chop finely, peel the garlic, chop, place the ingredients in a liter jar, fill with warm water to the top, leave to infuse for 4 days, take 1 tbsp orally. before eating.

You can treat a sore throat by inhalation, for example, using onions: chop the onion, put it in a plate, bend over it, covering your head with a towel, inhale the vapors for 2-3 minutes. Carry out the procedure three times a day.

If there is an accompanying cough, compresses with fir oil are placed on the chest. It can also be used to wipe sore tonsils.

Symptoms and signs of the disease in adults

Sore throat in adults is determined by the following symptoms:

• sore throat when swallowing;
• swollen lymph nodes;
• heat;
• headache;
• loss of appetite;
• vomit;
• stomach ache;
• fever;
• bad breath;
• runny nose.

If there are two or more signs of sore throat in adults, you should consult a doctor to make an accurate diagnosis, since the disease should be treated correctly and use medications prescribed by the doctor. Improper treatment can lead to serious consequences and other more complex diseases.

To make a more accurate diagnosis after signs of sore throat are detected in adults, a rapid test or throat culture smear is used. The fastest method is a rapid test, which determines the presence of streptococcus in a few minutes.

You will have to wait 1 to 2 days for the results of a throat culture, but this method shows more accurate results.

Complications

Complications of sore throat in adults
You should consult a doctor immediately if you notice a sore throat or the following signs:

• swelling of the neck and tongue;
• difficulty breathing, opening the mouth and swallowing saliva;
• skin rash;
• stiff neck.

If measures are not taken in time, a sore throat can cause the following complications:

• rheumatism;
• otitis media;
• damage to important organs.

All complications of angina are dangerous and can lead to fatal diseases. Therefore, it is better to take measures to combat it immediately, so as not to treat its consequences later.

Treatment methods for sore throat in adults depend on what type of sore throat the patient is infected with.

• For catarrhal sore throat, it is enough to gargle with warm solutions of soda, potassium permanganate, furatsilin; infusions of sage, calendula or chamomile. If the lymph nodes are inflamed, apply a warm compress at night. If the inflammation does not go away, then physiotherapy is prescribed.
• For follicular and lacunar tonsillitis, the patient should be treated with bed rest. This will prevent complications and the spread of the disease to others. The patient is given a separate towel and separate dishes. These types of sore throat should be treated by gargling, using medications in the form of aerosols or ointments. You can also use sucking medications to reduce pain and aid recovery.
• In case of phlegmonous purulent form of tonsillitis, in addition to rinsing, antibiotics are prescribed in tablets or in the form of injections. It is impossible to do without antibiotics, because purulent processes cause complications.

Whatever form of sore throat a person suffers from, the disease must be treated as quickly as possible. Otherwise, after about a week, antibody synthesis and activation of humoral immunity will occur. This means that the body will produce antibodies to fight the virus on its own. But the problem is that antibodies to sore throat pathogens can also damage human tissue. And in this case, the heart and kidneys are most often affected.

Treatment methods

Treatment Methods
There are many medications available to treat sore throat. One of the most effective, safe and inexpensive drugs is amoxiclav, which can be used from the first day when symptoms appear.

Amoxiclav is a semi-synthetic penicillin, protected from the action of the enzyme of the causative agent. Its active substance is not destroyed near the bacterial cell of streptococcus. And therefore amoxiclav is one of the most effective remedies for sore throat. This antibiotic does not have a toxic effect on the body and is one of the safest among other drugs.

For adults, amoxiclav is prescribed 500 mg 2-4 times a day. For angina of the catarrhal form, a double dose is prescribed an hour before meals, and for lacunar and follicular forms - three and four times. At the same time, amoxiclav in dosages of 250 and 500 mg does not lead to intoxication and is absolutely safe for the body.

There are many medications similar in composition to amoxiclav. Among them, Augmentin is the most popular. It has the same properties and is available in the same dosage. This drug is also effective and safe due to the fact that it contains the same substance as amoxiclav - amoxicillin clavulanate.

Another antibiotic similar to the previous ones is amosicillin. It effectively fights bacteria and is prescribed to treat purulent forms of sore throat.

When you get a sore throat, your immune system suffers because the tonsils become inflamed, providing the body with protection from viruses and infections. Therefore, after suffering from an illness, it is necessary to strengthen the immune system, take vitamins and beware of hypothermia.