Proper nutrition for laryngitis. Useful and dangerous foods for laryngitis

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Green Elena Stanislavovna

Otolaryngologist of the second category

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One of the diseases in which there is a transition to the oncological process is hyperplastic laryngitis. The disease does not occur on its own, but only after prolonged ignoring of an infectious lesion of the mucous membrane of the larynx with its swelling.

What is hyperplastic laryngitis

This disease is morphologically accompanied by pathological proliferation of epithelial cells, that is, hyperplasia of throat tissue. This disease is also called hypertrophic. Due to a decrease in the lumen of the larynx, with laryngitis, incomplete closure of the vocal cords is observed. Gradually, as the pathological process progresses, keratinization of the altered epithelium begins. This condition is manifested by a constant feeling of dryness in the throat.

Most often, hyperplastic laryngitis develops against the background of catarrhal inflammation, which occurs chronically over a long time. Hypertrophy usually extends to the entire surface of the mucous membrane of the throat. But sometimes local growths are observed on the surface of the vocal cords or interarytenoid notch.

Considering that pathological changes in hyperplastic laryngitis are accompanied by a restructuring of the tissues of the larynx, there are good reasons to consider the pathology a precancerous condition. Especially often, hyperplasia of the throat mucosa leads to cancer in smokers. Because they have an additional effect on the affected epithelium from tobacco smoke.

Treatment of Laryngitis with Folk Remedies in Adults: 15 Recipes

Treatment of laryngitis with folk remedies in adults is carried out using inhalations, compresses, herbal infusions and other healing agents to reduce inflammation and swelling of the laryngeal mucosa, vocal ligaments and strengthen the immune system.

Traditional medicine for laryngitis effectively reduces the inflammatory process, helps restore voice and speeds up recovery

Rules for the use of traditional medicine methods for laryngitis

Healing recipes of traditional medicine help to successfully cope with various symptoms of laryngitis, but treatment of the acute process must be started immediately in order not to start the disease and prevent it from becoming chronic. And in the chronic course of the disease, folk remedies significantly alleviate the manifestations of the disease and help reduce exacerbations with a gradual significant improvement in function.

Basic rules for using folk remedies for treating laryngitis:

Before using traditional medicine, you must consult with a specialist - therapy using herbs and other plant materials, essential oils and bee products, as well as berries, vegetables and fruits is carried out under the supervision of a physician and is considered an addition to the main therapy of the disease.
Laryngitis is quite often provoked by allergic factors, so the choice of folk remedies in patients with a predisposition to the development of allergic reactions must be approached with great caution and be sure to try the healing composition. To do this, before use, you need to apply a small amount of it first to the oral mucosa (inner side of the cheek) and make sure there is no reaction.
Acute or chronic laryngitis is treated comprehensively with the mandatory identification and elimination of the cause, the use of a full range of medications and physiotherapy, and the addition of traditional medicine as an auxiliary therapy.

When using traditional medicine, it is necessary to strictly follow the proportions (preparation instructions) - this can lead to aggravation of the inflammatory process or the medicine will be ineffective or cause harm to health

Folk remedies for the treatment of acute and chronic laryngitis

Treatment of laryngitis in adults using traditional methods is used:

to reduce inflammation and swelling of the laryngeal mucosa and ligaments;
to strengthen the general and local reactivity of the immune system;
to restore voice;
to relieve pain;
to speed up the patient's recovery;
reducing the likelihood of subacute or sluggish laryngitis transitioning to a chronic form.

Therefore, it is necessary to know what pathological symptoms manifest laryngitis in adults - how to treat acute and chronic inflammatory processes in the larynx.

The most effective folk remedies for the treatment of laryngitis include:

decoctions of medicinal plants in the form of multi-component mixtures for drinking or gargling (see Gargling: how and with what to carry out the procedure);
ginger in combination with other remedies;
vegetable juices that soften and reduce inflammation of the mucous membrane - potato, carrot or cabbage juice with the addition of propolis;
aloe juice;
inhalations with herbal decoctions, alkaline waters;
essential and other vegetable oils (sea buckthorn or peach) for lubricating the mucous membrane of the pharynx or inhalation (see How to carry out inhalation for laryngitis);
products with garlic.

Traditional medicine recipes for the treatment of laryngitis

I widely use decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs both for local treatment (rinsing, irrigating the throat, inhalations) and for drinking (to reduce intoxication and strengthen the immune system) for acute laryngitis (pictured)

Treatment of acute laryngitis in adults is similar to the treatment of any acute respiratory viral infection or acute respiratory infection:

Bed rest in the first days of illness.
Fractional fortified gentle nutrition.
Warm, abundant, preferably alkaline drink - milk with added soda, Borjomi mineral water or other thermal waters with milk and honey.
Decoctions of medicinal herbs with anti-inflammatory , decongestant, softening, restorative effects:
Inhalations with mineral water , saline using ultrasonic or compressor nebulizers.
Irrigation, rinsing and lubricating the mucous membrane of the pharynx with herbal decoctions , prepared with your own hands, a mixture of propolis, peach oil and glycerin.
Emollients to relieve dry, irritating cough:
viburnum berries with honey;
plantain juice with sugar syrup and honey;
jam from shoots, young pine or spruce cones.
Compresses made from essential and vegetable oils.

The most effective folk remedies to relieve the symptoms of acute laryngitis

Traditional medicine offers various methods of treating acute laryngitis as an auxiliary therapy

Voice restoration products:

Anise seeds (1/2 cup) should be poured with a glass of boiling water, and the mixture should be simmered in a water bath for 10 minutes over low heat. Cool the broth and add ¼ cup of honey and a tablespoon of cognac.

The product is taken one tablespoon every hour, but no more than 7-8 times a day.

Take three medium dried or five fresh figs, boil for 2-3 minutes in a glass of milk, leave the broth for 1-2 hours.

The healing agent is taken 1/4 cup 3-4 times a day in small sips, eat the fruits.

Take 400 g of bran and pour two liters of water over it, cook the product for 10 minutes over low heat. Add brown sugar to the mixture to taste and strain. The product is drunk in small sips instead of tea, no more than ½ glass (single dose) 3-4 times a day.

Acute and chronic laryngitis is accompanied by an unproductive cough with a “metallic” or “barking” tone

Remedies to relieve irritating cough due to laryngitis:

Plantain juice with honey or sugar syrup: To prepare this healing remedy, you need to take one kilogram of fresh, clean, slightly dried plantain leaves and mince them. The juice is squeezed out, a liter of water + one and a half liters of liquid honey or a kilogram of sugar is added to it. Cook the product over low heat until thickened. Keep refrigerated. The syrup is taken one tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
Infusion for dry cough: Take coltsfoot, raspberry, lungwort and buckwheat flowers in equal parts and pour a tablespoon of the mixture into a glass of boiled water and leave for two hours. Drink 1/4 cup four times a day for 5 – 7 days.
Syrup from young pine (spruce) cones and/or pine shoots: To prepare the product, you need to take a kilogram of chopped young shoots or pine (spruce) cones and rinse them. Fill them with water to cover completely and leave overnight. Boil the infusion saturated with essential oils and plant extracts for an hour (without removing the plant material). Strain the broth and add sugar (1:1) depending on the volume. Boil the healing agent until thickened.

All these traditional medicines for dry cough are sometimes much more effective than expensive pharmaceutical drugs (the price of syrups prepared at home is much lower). Before starting to use these medications, you should always consult with your doctor.

Causes and risk factors

In addition to chronic laryngitis, the development of the hyperplastic process is also influenced by other long-term inflammatory pathologies in the tissues of the throat. Smoking provokes the transition to cancer, regardless of the number of cigarettes smoked. Even rare smoking contributes to a significant deterioration of the condition.

In addition, there are a number of etiological factors that directly lead to the occurrence of swelling of the throat tissue. Among them are the following causes of hyperplastic laryngitis:

Decreased immune system activity.
Hormonal dysfunctions.
Allergic reactions.
Frequent and long-lasting colds.
Deformation of the nasal septum.
Disorders of the respiratory system.
Poor environmental conditions.
Occupational hazards (for example, constant contact with dust or industrial emissions).
Carrying out tracheal intubation (insertion of a special tube in emergency conditions).
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease).

All these factors directly affect the body's ability to protect itself and the ability to resist pathogenic agents. According to statistical data, it is known that hyperplastic laryngitis is observed more often in men over 35-40 years of age. Risk groups are also identified depending on hereditary predisposition and workers whose profession is associated with inadequate load on the vocal cords (actors, teachers, vocalists). Treatment of hyperplastic laryngitis directly depends on the causative factor.

What is laryngitis and why is it dangerous?

Translated from Latin, the word “Laryngitis” means “larynx,” which in itself indicates the affected area. The main causative agents of the disease:

Acute laryngitis

Pathology of this form can exist as an independent disease or be a companion to a viral infection. The disease begins with a dry cough, sore throat and painful sensations when swallowing. Over time, phlegm begins to be released, and the larynx swells. Acute laryngitis in adults is dangerous. It can lead to the following consequences:

the disease enters the chronic stage;
swelling of the larynx can cause suffocation;
leads to the development of lung abscess, mediastinitis and even sepsis.

Chronic laryngitis

This form of the disease occurs in the following types:

catarrhal - provoked by a violation of local circulation;
hypertrophic – changes in the structure of the mucosa are observed;
atrophic - patients complain of a feeling of a foreign body in the throat.

This inflammation of the laryngeal mucosa can be caused by the following factors:

excessive alcohol consumption;
prolonged smoking;
if the acute form of the disease is not completely cured.

Complications of laryngitis

It is important to remember that there is a high risk of negative consequences. Most are treatable, but some pose serious health risks

More often, inflammation of the larynx provokes the following complications:

formation of a benign or malignant tumor;
loss of voice;
laryngeal stenosis;
the appearance of tumor-like formations;
the mobility of the larynx is impaired;
false croup occurs;
tonsillitis or bronchitis develops.

Laryngitis symptoms and treatment in adults are special

Close attention to the patient's condition should be paid if the following signs appear:

pale skin;
problems swallowing food;
increased body temperature;
blue discoloration of the nasolabial triangle area.

Types and forms

Depending on the prevalence of the pathological process, two forms of laryngitis are distinguished: diffuse and focal. The first variant of laryngitis is characterized by the development of hypertrophic changes in tissues over the entire surface of the throat. Experts often call it spilled. The disease is accompanied by the secretion of large amounts of mucus with its accumulation on the vocal cords. The focal form is also called limited or local. It is characterized by the formation of nodes of various sizes in certain areas of the mucous membrane of the throat.

Limited laryngitis has several types:

Polypous.
Cystic.
Prolapse of the Morganian ventricle.
Pachyderma of the larynx.
Screamer nodes.

Polypous laryngitis is manifested by small growths. These formations are located on the surface of the mucous membrane of the throat, often on the vocal folds. Their bases come in different diameters and lengths. If the polyp is on a thin stalk, then mechanical impact on it may result in bleeding and sometimes asphyxia.

Cystic growths are cavities that are filled with air. Such formations are localized on one of the vocal folds. Pathological changes are formed in unpaired quantities.

Prolapse of the Morganian ventricle develops due to prolonged stress on the ligaments, and the basis of the disease is a prolonged inflammatory process in the ventricular mucosa. During the utterance of words, forced exhalation or coughing, hypertrophied tissue protrudes from the ventricle of the larynx and covers the vocal folds. This does not allow the gap to close normally, which provokes the occurrence of a symptom - hoarseness.

Laryngeal pachyderma is a type of hyperplastic laryngitis in which the mucous membrane in the area of the interarytenoid notch thickens significantly. Focal epidermal outgrowths form on the surface tissues. They are similar in appearance to small tuberosities. Similar granulations are also observed on the posterior third of the ligaments. There is a small amount of viscous secretion in the lumen of the throat.

Screamer nodes are also called song nodes. Pathology refers to professional pathologies. This type of growth of the laryngeal mucosa is due to its regular overstrain. Such hyperplastic laryngitis is observed not only in adults, but also in small capricious children who often cry and scream, thus overstraining the vocal cords. To treat chronic hyperplastic laryngitis, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the course of each type of hypertrophic process.

Signs and forms of chronic hypertrophic laryngitis

The main symptoms of chronic laryngitis:

change in voice timbre, appearance of hoarseness; burning and discomfort in the throat; the appearance of a cough of varying intensity.

There are other, less obvious signs of the development of this disease. One of these symptoms is hyperplasia, which can only be determined by laryngoscopy. It is the basis of hypertrophy, expressed in the proliferation of mucosal cells in the larynx and, as a result, leads to neoplasms in tissue structures. Hyperplasia can occur in individual areas or cover the entire mucous membrane.

These symptoms appear slightly during the period of weakening, remission, and disease. Their intensity increases sharply with exacerbation of the disease. Then weakness, fatigue, headaches may appear, and the temperature may rise to 37-38 ° C.

Based on the state of morphological changes in the epithelial tissue of the larynx, three forms of chronic laryngitis are distinguished: hypertrophic, or, as it is also called, hyperplastic, as well as catarrhal and atrophic.

In the case of the atrophic form of the disease, significant deformation of the mucous membrane is observed. It becomes thinner and dry, covered with crusts and, in some places, with thick mucus. The clinical manifestation of the disease at this stage is expressed in constant soreness and a severe dry cough. At times, when coughing, crusts streaked with blood may come off the mucous membrane.

The hypertrophic form rarely manifests itself. The most common is the transition to it from catarrhal. In the hyperplastic form of the disease, the epithelial tissue of the larynx is moderately hypertrophied, and uniform thickening of the entire mucous membrane is observed. A characteristic sign of the transition of chronic laryngitis to a hypertrophied form is the appearance of hoarseness, which can develop into aphonia, the inability to speak in a normal voice.

Chronic hyperplastic laryngitis can be either diffuse or localized. This depends on the nature of hyperplasia of the laryngeal epithelium in the patient.

A feature of the diffuse form of the disease is the thickening of the tissues of the mucous membrane. In this case, the deformation even affects the edges of the vocal folds. They become thickened along their entire length, which prevents them from closing completely.

In a limited form of the disease, the laryngeal mucosa is pink and does not undergo any special changes. But symmetrical formations are observed on the vocal cords, in the form of nodules with sizes within 2 mm in diameter. In some cases, it is present on only one vocal fold. Such nodules interfere with the complete closure of the glottis, and this leads to hoarseness.

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Diagnostics

To make an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to carefully study the clinical manifestations. Among the most typical complaints are hoarseness of voice, difficulty breathing, pain when swallowing, soreness and a feeling of a lump in the throat, dry and barking cough, and possible accumulation of viscous secretions in the lumen of the pharynx. These signs have been observed in patients for a long time. This worsens the quality of life and limits the daily activity of patients.

Upon examination, the doctor determines the characteristic signs:

hyperemia, that is, redness, of the oral cavity;
uneven growth and formation of tuberosity on the surface of the mucosa;
infiltration and swelling of oral tissues.

To clarify the diagnosis of the hyperplastic process, laryngoscopy is necessary. This is possible in three ways. In a direct way, a detailed examination of the inner surface of the larynx can be carried out. The procedure is carried out using a special device - a laryngoscope.

The indirect method is the simplest method of examination. This is done using a mirror, reflector and flashlight. The retrograde method allows for examination of the lower parts of the larynx. The essence of the method is the introduction of a nasopharyngeal speculum through a tracheostomy.

Symptoms

The key symptom is a change in the timbre of the voice and hissing, hoarseness.

Other signs of chronic laryngitis (photo posted in the gallery) include the following sensations:

coma in the throat;
dryness;
burning;
soreness;
foreign object.

Severe coughing attacks with chronic laryngitis

The feeling of discomfort is accompanied by a constant cough, ranging from mild regular coughing to painful attacks, especially in the morning. During the period of exacerbation, which most often coincides with the change from the warm season to the cold season, these symptoms are supplemented by low-grade fever, increased cough, and infection of adjacent parts of the respiratory tract and nasopharynx. Fatigue, headaches and a feeling of weakness are also common.

Treatment of hyperplastic laryngitis

Since this disease is a precancerous condition, treatment, as well as diagnosis, must be given due attention. If the diagnosis of the hyperplastic process is confirmed, then adequate therapy is selected. It should be aimed not only at eliminating clinical manifestations, but also eliminating the cause of the disease.

Among the therapeutic measures there are both medicinal methods and traditional medicine recipes. The treatment regimen is selected for each patient individually, taking into account the characteristics of the disease.

Drug treatment

To eliminate the disease, it is necessary to use medications that can eliminate clinical manifestations that interfere with the patient’s normal daily activities. First of all, this concerns swelling of the mucous membrane of the larynx and severe cough. Patients also often complain of the presence of viscous sputum, which is very difficult to cough up.

To eliminate swelling of the throat, antihistamines are used:

"Fenistil";
"Loratadine";
"Claritin";
"Diazolin".

These remedies help relieve swelling of the laryngeal mucosa, which makes breathing easier. Anti-inflammatory drugs (Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Nurofen) also help. In addition, this medicine has antipyretic properties, which is useful if the temperature rises to numbers from 38 degrees.

Expectorants and mucolytic drugs suppress cough and effectively promote the removal of sputum. Acetylcysteine helps to liquefy viscous secretions. Experts also prescribe Lazolvan and Ambroxol in syrup and tablets.

Antibiotics are needed for laryngitis only when the disease is caused by bacterial flora. Otherwise, taking such medications will provoke undesirable effects, such as dysbiosis or allergic reactions. The decision to prescribe medications should be made by an experienced otolaryngologist.

Traditional medicine recipes

It is useful to supplement traditional therapy with herbal decoctions and compresses. Such remedies contribute to a speedy recovery of the patient and restoration of the normal state of the immune system.

The most effective medicines must be prepared by following a few simple but important recommendations. During the pathological process, warm beer is popular among singers and teachers. The result appears after two to three hours. The effect of such a remedy is relief from hoarseness and loss of voice.

Honey with lemon is also a fairly effective medicine. Its effectiveness lies in the fact that the acid from the fruit has a detrimental effect on the vital activity of pathogenic microflora. Honey, in turn, helps smooth out the severity of painful sensations.

Drinking warm milk with the addition of soda can get rid of sore throat. The effect is achieved by relieving swelling and inflammation from the affected areas of the mucous membrane of the throat. Taking the product warm promotes faster results.

Inhalations with herbal decoctions are most often used for hyperplastic processes in adult patients. Herbal preparations for preparing medicine are selected individually for each patient. This should only be done by an experienced doctor.

The use of a mixture of aloe juice and honey also has a positive effect on the inflamed mucous membrane of the larynx. You need to drink the product four times a day. After taking it, there is a rapid elimination of the pathological manifestations of the disease.

Chronic laryngitis: treatment

Unfortunately, it is impossible to completely get rid of this disease, so treatment of chronic laryngitis in adults should be aimed at reducing its manifestations and improving the patient’s quality of life.

Non-drug methods are of great importance in the treatment of chronic inflammation of the larynx:

to give up smoking;
voice rest;
gentle nutrition (warm, soft, neutral-tasting food, exclusion of spicy, hot and cold foods, carbonated drinks);
drink plenty of fluids (alkaline mineral waters (Naftusya, Borjomi), warm milk with honey);
prevention of hypothermia;
ventilate the room in which the patient lives for 10 minutes every hour;
adequate microclimate (temperature and humidity) in the room.

An important component of the treatment of chronic laryngitis is the timely treatment of its accompanying pathology (sanitation of chronic foci of infection, correction of blood glucose levels, treatment of GERD).

Further aspects of therapy are different for different forms of the disease, so we will consider each of them separately.

Treatment of chronic catarrhal laryngitis

The healing air of a coniferous forest promotes the recovery of patients with chronic laryngitis and prevents the development of exacerbations of this pathology.
This form of the disease is very treatable. In addition to the above non-drug measures, drug therapy is also used:

antiviral drugs (interferon inducers, Groprinosin);
if necessary, systemic antibiotics (Amoxiclav, Moexipril);
oil and alkaline inhalations;
antitussives (Codeine);
expectorants (preparations of marshmallow, ivy, plantain) and mucolytic (Acetyl-, Carbocysteine, Ambroxol, Bromhexine) agents;
local anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs (Isla lozenges, Neo-angin, Decatylene, Angilex sprays, Tera-flu, Ingalipt);
local antibacterial drugs (Bioparox);
multivitamin preparations (Duovit, Multitabs);
immunomodulators (Respibron, Ribomunil);
preparations containing bacterial lysates (IRS-19).

In a hospital setting, infusions of medications into the larynx using a special laryngeal syringe are also prescribed - so-called instillations.

When the symptoms of an exacerbation regress, the use of physiotherapeutic methods of treatment is recommended:

novocaine electrophoresis;
UHF;
DDT.

Treatment of chronic atrophic laryngitis

If appropriate symptoms are present, the same remedies are used that are recommended for the treatment of the catarrhal form of the disease. A feature of the treatment of atrophic laryngitis is inhalation of proteolytic enzymes (Chymotrypsin, Trypsin) in the form of aerosols.

Treatment of chronic hypertrophic laryngitis

Depending on the patient’s condition, treatment can be conservative (include all or some drugs from the above groups) or surgical. The essence of the latter is that under local anesthesia under the control of a microscope, an ENT surgeon removes hyperplastic tissue. An equally popular method of surgical intervention is the removal of growths from the vocal folds using a cold plasma beam - coblation.

After the operation, the patient must follow the following recommendations:

do not eat for 2 hours after leaving the operating room;
do not cough (to avoid mechanical trauma to the postoperative wound);
complete vocal rest for the next 5–7 days;
sharp limitation of physical activity in the next 7–8 days.
gentle diet;
Avoid contact with tobacco smoke, quit smoking.

Complications of the disease

Hyperplastic laryngitis is characterized by the fact that the pathological process that occurs in the tissues of the larynx can be accompanied by the development of severe consequences. Without adequate therapy, complications occur within a short period of time.

The most common pathological processes that complicate the disease are:

recurrent pneumonia with severe course;
purulent processes in the neck muscles;
significant narrowing of the lumen of the throat, which provokes stenosis;
the formation of polyps on the surface of the throat mucosa;
the development of tumor tumors in the tissues of the larynx that become malignant.

Since patients with chronic laryngitis with tissue hypertrophy have a risk of developing a cancerous process, they need to be registered with an oncologist. Timely treatment reduces the risk of developing severe consequences of the disease.

Diagnosis of the disease

Only an experienced diagnostician can accurately determine the type of illness that provoked the development of throat edema, after conducting a number of specific studies. Many people who experience the appearance of negative symptoms begin to experience cancerophobia, the fear of identifying a low-quality tumor, and therefore postpone a visit to the doctor for an indefinitely long period.

But this should not be done under any circumstances, since untimely therapy can not only significantly aggravate a person’s condition, but also provoke asphyxia, which most often ends in pulmonary edema and death. Only timely diagnosis of hypertrophic chronic laryngitis significantly reduces the risk of mortality from this disease.

An accurate diagnosis of the disease, made by specialists, is based on the following studies: general blood and urine tests, which reveal the presence of an inflammatory process in the human body, examination of sputum and nasopharyngeal swabs to detect pathogenic microflora in it. In difficult cases, doctors resort to laryngoscopy. This instrumental method, which makes it possible to establish chronic hypertrophic laryngitis with the greatest accuracy, can be performed in several ways:

straight. To carry it out, a laryngoscope is used, a special medical device that is a type of endoscope. With its help, the otolaryngologist has the opportunity to examine the entire inner surface of the larynx in great detail;
indirect or mirror. This is the simplest and oldest research method still used in otolaryngtic practice. To carry it out, you must have a special mirror and a headlamp, a reflector that allows you to provide additional lighting to the pharynx area;
retrograde. This method allows you to study the larynx directly in its lower parts. To achieve the result, a special nasopharyngeal speculum is inserted through the trachea into the tracheostomy.

In some cases, hyperplastic laryngitis is diagnosed using a device such as a strobe. It allows the doctor to study in detail the movement of the patient's vocal cords that have become inflamed.

Reasons for development

Factors that influence the appearance of laryngitis can be considered frequent inflammation of the larynx, the presence of infection in the trachea and nasal passages, impaired nasal breathing, prolonged exposure to a cold room, etc.

The following indicators occur in the development of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis:

muscle atrophy in the larynx (age-related disorders);
congenital pathologies of the vocal cords;
allergic disorders, swelling, rashes;
weakened immune system;
improper metabolism.

The main cause of this disease is smoking; among middle-aged people, the pathology is most often detected in men. As the disorder worsens, symptoms become more obvious and severe.

Pathogenesis

During the onset of the disease, hyperplasia of the entire mucous membrane of the larynx can be observed. Areas of metaplasia may also appear, where the usual ciliated epithelium is replaced by coarsened squamous epithelium. Lymphatic gaps become larger, overgrown tissues compress the ducts of the mucous glands, which leads to dryness and a sore throat. When the pathology reaches the vocal cords, they become deformed. In addition, so-called “singing” nodules may appear on the connective tissue.

According to the degree of damage to the laryngeal mucosa, the disease is divided into diffuse and local forms. When a large part of the throat is diffusely affected, the risk of developing a malignant tumor under the diseased area increases. They speak of a local form when a small area of the mucous membrane is affected. However, even in this case, it will be necessary to diagnose the presence of tumors.

Laryngeal hyperplasia itself is also divided into several types:

Pachydermia;
Formation of so-called “singing” nodules;
Morganian ventricle prolapse;
Chronic subglottic laryngitis.

In addition to all of the above, the disease can provoke the appearance of hollow cystic growths on any of the folds of the larynx and in itself is a precancerous condition in which the risk of neoplasms of various nature increases.

Laryngitis - symptoms

The first signs of laryngitis are dryness and soreness, the patient makes frequent swallowing movements, and has a feeling of a lump in the throat. Swelling of the larynx leads to a narrowing of the glottis, hyperemia of the mucous membrane, the voice becomes rough, and the patient speaks in a whisper. A dry cough appears, a hoarse voice appears, the temperature is kept within subfebrile limits or does not rise at all. Causes of laryngitis:

habit of mouth breathing, smoking;
colds;
viral infections;
hypothermia of the body;
contaminated air;
hot, spicy food;
allergic reactions;
overstrain of the vocal cords;
professional affiliation;

Acute laryngitis

Inflammation is accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the pharynx: tingling, scratching. In addition, the cough is wet, breathing is difficult, and the nasolabial triangle becomes bluish. If acute laryngitis occurs as a symptom of a viral infection, the temperature rises to high levels, weakness and headache increase.

The edematous lining of the larynx has dilated blood vessels, the mucous membrane is covered with red dots. The acute course of the disease lasts for 6-7 days, residual effects bother the patient for a week. Particular attention should be paid to the prevention of complications: tracheitis, edema and stenosis of the larynx can complicate the course of the disease. Treatment depends on the etiology of the disease.

Chronic laryngitis

If the acute form is not treated in a timely manner, frequent relapses lead to a chronic course of the disease. Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes symptoms of chronic laryngitis. This disease is characterized by the throwing of stomach acid to a height reaching the larynx. Thyroid diseases associated with hypertrophy and inflammation can provoke upper respiratory tract symptoms. The chronic form has several varieties:

catarrhal;
hyperplastic;
atrophic;

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Catarrhal laryngitis

The clinical picture of catarrhal laryngitis is less pronounced than in the acute form of the disease. The disease can be cured at home. A tickling sensation in the throat causes a cough reflex, the inflammatory process is accompanied by a slight secretion of mucus. At the beginning of the day, speech remains sonorous, but towards evening hoarseness occurs. Upon examination, slight redness of the mucous membrane and dilated blood vessels are detected. This type of disease develops for the following reasons:

The presence of pathogenic microflora in the larynx.
Chronic foci of infectious processes.
Difficulty breathing through the nose.
Abuse of alcohol, smoking.
Sudden changes in air temperature.

Hyperplastic laryngitis

Singers, teachers, speakers, and lecturers often encounter hypertrophy of the vocal cords and mucous membranes. Stable loads on the vocal cords cause them to harden, thicken, and the vocal tone changes. Hyperplastic laryngitis can be localized or diffuse, extensive. The development of a disease associated with inflammation of the larynx is influenced by the following reasons:

Age-related changes in the laryngeal muscles.
Congenital, acquired deformation, hypotonicity of the vocal cords.
Complicated allergic reactions.
Injuries, surgical interventions.
Decreased immunity, disturbances in the circulatory system.

Atrophic laryngitis

This type of illness is rare; in most cases it is preceded by nasopharyngitis. Patients complain of dry mucous membranes, a lump in the throat, dysphonia, and a hacking cough with streaks of blood in the mucus. The mucous membrane has a smooth, thinned surface on which mucus accumulates, sometimes forming dry crusts. They can appear in the lumen of the vocal cords, causing complete loss of voice. Causes of atrophic laryngitis:

Adverse environmental influences.
Harmful work in hot, dusty workshops.
Congenital anomalies of the respiratory tract.
Untimely treatment of acute forms of the disease.