Various infectious diseases are often accompanied by rhinitis, as well as sore throat and painful sore throat. An antibiotic throat and nasal spray is one of the most effective methods against these unpleasant symptoms.
Before starting treatment, you need to find out what caused the disease, because inflammation in the throat is not always eliminated by antimicrobial agents.
Causes of sore throat and nose
Otorhinolaryngological diseases:
- Pharyngitis is an inflammatory process of the larynx, which is usually provoked by viral pathogens. Patients complain of a slight increase in body temperature, as well as pain and discomfort in the throat when swallowing. It must be remembered that antibacterial agents are powerless against viruses; in this situation, pain in the throat is eliminated with the help of antiseptic drugs.
- Laryngitis is an inflammation in the throat area; its symptoms are similar to pharyngitis. The disease appears with colds. As a rule, it does not provoke a significant deterioration in health and proceeds without complications.
- Sore throat or tonsillitis is a lesion of the palatine tonsils, which is accompanied by acute pain, as well as a sharp deterioration in health and a strong increase in temperature. A disease that is associated with a bacterial or fungal infection. With purulent tonsillitis, white spots appear on the tonsils.
- Peritonsillar abscess is an inflammatory process that, in addition to the tonsils, also spreads to the adjacent tissues and appears with untreated tonsillitis. This disease is characterized by severe deterioration in health and fever.
- Rhinitis is a syndrome of inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Infectious rhinitis is caused by various microbes and viruses. The development of a runny nose is promoted by hypothermia, heavy dust and gas pollution.
- Sinusitis is a long-term, wave-like inflammatory disease of the maxillary paranasal sinuses. Chronic sinusitis in the vast majority of cases is a consequence of acute inflammation of the maxillary sinuses or other organs.
- Acute nasopharyngitis refers to an inflammatory process that occurs in the nasopharynx and is infectious and allergic in nature. In medicine, this disease is usually called nasopharyngitis, epipharyngitis, acute runny nose and infectious rhinitis.
- Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of one or more paranasal sinuses. It can occur as a complication of acute runny nose, flu, other infectious diseases, as well as after injuries to the facial area.
- Frontitis is an inflammatory disease of the frontal sinuses. Of all the types of sinusitis, this one is characterized by the most severe and persistent course.
What sprays treat a runny nose, diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses
- Vasoconstrictor decongestant sprays for runny nose and nasal congestion are intended to eliminate the main symptoms of rhinitis, regardless of its cause (ARVI, allergies, bacterial infection).
Most well-known brands of vasoconstrictor sprays are based on related active substances: xylo-, oxy- and naphazoline (all of which are imidazoline derivatives). These drugs have a common principle of action (constrict numerous blood vessels of the mucous membrane and reduce its swelling), but differ in the duration of the effect. Naphazoline has the shortest effect (up to 4 hours), products based on xylometazoline and oxymetazoline act for up to 10-12 hours. It is important to remember that all vasoconstrictor sprays can equally negatively affect the condition of the nasal mucosa if you do not use them according to the instructions. According to a number of studies, xylometazoline has the optimal benefit-risk ratio for the nasal mucosa (slide 11). To quickly ease nasal breathing and protect the mucous membrane from the undesirable effects of vasoconstrictors, choose xylometazoline-based sprays that do not contain preservatives or excipients that inhibit the natural mechanism of cleansing the mucous membrane. - An antimicrobial nasal spray is prescribed by your doctor to fight bacterial infections. In some cases, local treatment is more effective than the systemic use of antibiotics in tablet form. In addition to antibiotics, the composition may also contain other active ingredients that have an antiseptic or antifungal effect.
- Antiallergic sprays are used for runny nose of an allergic nature, vasomotor rhinitis, etc. The main active ingredients are cromoglycic acid or antihistamines. For severe allergic rhinitis, inhaled hormones can be used.
- Barrier nasal sprays are used as a prophylactic agent. For example, Aqua Maris® Sens, based on the unique ingredient ECTOIN, when interacting with water, creates a protective layer on the surface of the mucous membrane that prevents its contact with allergens, viruses and bacteria.
- Moisturizing aerosols are used to rinse the nasal passages and remove excess mucus that interferes with normal breathing during a runny nose (Aqua Maris® Norm, Aqua Maris® Baby). To prevent a runny nose, it is preferable to use Aqua Maris® spray, which does not rinse, but irrigates the nasal cavity, ensuring the removal of viruses that have entered the vestibule of the nose along with the inhaled air.
Advantages of sprays over other dosage forms
In addition to sprays, you can use tablets and lozenges for resorption, as well as treating the mouth with special preparations and rinsing with different solutions. But compared to other medications, sprays have a number of positive aspects.
Pros of sprays:
- The medication in the cylinder is under high pressure; when you press the nozzle, the active component penetrates directly into the source of infection and immediately begins to function, and this is important for severe pain in the throat.
- The penetration of the antimicrobial agent into the blood is minimal, which means that aerosols have much fewer contraindications and can be used even by children.
- In addition to eliminating the symptoms themselves, such medications also affect the cause of their appearance.
- A small bottle is convenient to take with you on a long journey or to work.
Medicines are sometimes used as independent treatment, but in case of protracted or severe disease, they are considered only an addition to complex therapy.
Kinds
Depending on the effect the drug has on the mucous membrane and what components are included in its composition, the following types of sprays can be distinguished:
- With an antimicrobial substance (Bioparox, Hexoral, Stopangin). These drugs are used for bacterial infections because they can eliminate microbes on the surface of the tonsils and mucous membrane of the throat. Such medications must be taken for tonsillitis and exacerbation.
- With an antiseptic component. These substances (“Chlorhexidine”, “Phenol”, “Iodine”) are included in the structure of most sprays, they are effective against bacteria and viruses, and they are also used for all kinds of infectious lesions in the throat.
- With analgesic effect. Medicines that contain lidocaine and benzocaine (Strepsil Plus, Septolete Plus, Theraflu Lar) instantly eliminate sore throat. Excellent for reducing unpleasant symptoms of tonsillitis.
- With an anti-inflammatory component (“Tantum Verde”). They not only reduce the activity of viruses and pathogens, but also suppress the production of mediators of the inflammatory process, thereby eliminating swelling, redness and other symptoms of inflammation.
- Based on sea water (Aqualor, Aqua Maris). They clean and moisturize the mucous cavity, protecting it from dryness; as a rule, they are used for antiseptic purposes in chronic diseases of the pharynx and larynx.
Indications for the use of sea water-based products
Pharmaceutical products based on sea water are used for problems with the nasopharynx. In addition, experts recommend treating the nose with them from time to time in order to prevent colds. Such sprays and drops help maintain the natural functioning of the respiratory tract, which can become infected with pathogens.
The drug is indicated for the following diseases:
- Sinusitis.
- ARVI.
- Rhinitis.
- Allergic rhinitis.
- Sinusitis.
- Adenoiditis.
- Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.
Medicines are suitable for the prevention of various pathologies associated with air pollution. Periodic irrigation protects the body from infection.
Contraindications
Before use, make sure there are no restrictions. This dosage form also has certain contraindications. These include:
- Allergic manifestations to the active ingredients included in the drug. And if a patient is allergic to one or another medicine, the patient first of all needs to carefully read the composition of this or that medicine. Moreover, if you are buying a spray for the first time, then you should use it with extreme caution and only under the supervision of a medical specialist.
- Damage to the genitourinary system. It must be remembered that drugs with antimicrobial activity have a negative effect on the liver.
- Intestinal microflora disorders. Antibacterial agents have the property of eliminating not only pathogens, but also beneficial microflora, which has a detrimental effect on the digestive organs.
It should be remembered that the correct selection of one or another spray makes it possible to instantly and easily eliminate the cause of the disease and its negative symptoms, such as inflammation and sore throat.
Therefore, when using sprays with antimicrobial substances, it is important to take their selection seriously, as well as thoroughly read the instructions, and only then begin treatment with these drugs, only on the doctor’s recommendations. Since uncontrolled therapy can not only aggravate the disease, but also lead to complications.
Intranasal administration
Often in Internet sources you can find information about the use of antiseptic throat sprays intranasally. Some representatives of medicine recommend treating sinusitis and inflammation of the sinuses in this way. It is worth considering whether it is possible to spray Hexoral into the nose.
Of course, administering antiseptics for the oral cavity intranasally is impractical, because the nose is structured differently and the mucous membrane there is more susceptible.
Using Hexoral in the nose can cause a number of side effects:
- severe burning sensation;
- burn of the respiratory sinuses;
- bronchospasm;
- loss of smell.
For safety reasons, Hexoral aerosol cannot be sprayed intranasally . It is better to use special antiseptics intended for intranasal administration.
However, if you do not have a suitable medicine at hand, you can use this drug. In addition, the instructions for use do not prohibit injecting Hexoral spray into the nose. It is recommended to consult a specialist first.
Spray for nose and throat: use during pregnancy
Expectant mothers are not recommended to use such antimicrobial drugs due to the fact that the components of any antibiotics can cross the placenta and harm the unborn baby.
This especially applies to tetracyclines, so the use of such medications is absolutely prohibited for women in the first trimester of pregnancy.
In addition, the use of drugs is not allowed for women during breastfeeding. But if nursing mothers still need to use such medications, the baby will have to be switched to formula for some time.
"Miramistin"
The drug exhibits increased bactericidal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens:
- Staphylococcus.
- Streptococcus.
- Klebsiella.
- Eisheria.
- Pseudomonas.
Miramistin throat and nasal spray helps to effectively cope with the source of inflammation. The pharmacological drug has an antiviral effect against complex viruses and has an immediate and pronounced detrimental effect on the source of sexually transmitted diseases:
- Treponema.
- Neisseria.
- Chlamydia.
- Trichomonas.
In addition, the medicine eliminates inflammation, helps eliminate purulent exudate and form a dry scab, does not suppress the healing process, and does not have allergic or locally irritating effects.
"Kameton"
In terms of their pharmacological properties, the aerosol and spray are the same. The form of the drugs is determined by additional components, which differ between aerosol and spray.
"Kameton" spray for the nose and throat has a weak analgesic, disinfecting effect and relieves inflammation. Racemic camphor has an irritating effect and improves blood microcirculation.
Levomenthol has a locally irritating effect, which is accompanied by a slight cold, tingling and burning effect. This substance also has a local analgesic and disinfectant effect.
Eucalyptus oil stimulates the nerve endings that are located in the mucous cavities. In addition, the component has a slight disinfecting property and suppresses inflammation.
What are the benefits of sea water?
Nasal drops and sprays with sea water are not developed by chance. Sea water contains a huge amount of useful microelements that can effectively combat diseases of the nasal cavity. The main advantages of such funds are as follows:
- Thanks to their use, the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx maintain a normal physiological state.
A high-quality nasal spray moisturizes atrophied mucous membranes, improving their condition and reducing the unpleasant symptoms caused by this problem.- Nasal products based on sea water remove pathogenic contents, facilitating the healing process.
- Microelements of sea water have an antibacterial effect, which reduces the likelihood of further spread of infection.
- Sea water for the nose allows damaged membranes to regenerate.
- The use of such drugs reduces the sensitivity of the nose and throat to adverse effects.
In other words, sea water for rinsing the nose brings a lot of useful results. Of course, you cannot rely only on this remedy during treatment - most often, its effect will need to be supported by antibiotics and systemic medications, but you should not refuse to use it.
It is also important to know that sea water for the nose is needed in the treatment of diseases, since this remedy is of natural origin, so its use is not prohibited for children and pregnant women.
Saline solutions are not addictive, even if used for a long period of time, which is also an advantage. Sea water and preparations based on it are widely used to treat diseases of the nose and throat. They are also effective for preventive purposes. Most often they are prescribed for diseases such as:
- Adenoiditis. Saline solutions provide tissue healing after surgery to remove adenoids. They also help to avoid further spread of pathological processes.
Rhinitis. The use of sea water solutions is useful for a runny nose of any nature: allergic, viral, bacterial. This remedy can eliminate swelling and clear the nasal passages.- Sinusitis. Seawater is used to cleanse the sinuses before using antibiotics and to prevent further infection.
- Hygienic cleansing of the nose and throat. Rinsing with sea water prevents the occurrence of many infectious diseases and reduces the possibility of relapses.
In addition to those listed, specialists can prescribe such drugs in many other cases if they consider it appropriate. The patient himself can ask the doctor whether he can use this remedy and clarify exactly how this should be done.
"Pediakid"
The drug is intended for children from thirty months. According to reviews of Pediakid for the nose and throat, the spray effectively cleanses the nasal passages and soothes the throat with the help of natural active substances.
A solution of sea water automatically absorbs and removes pathological secretions to the outside, thereby cleansing the respiratory system and facilitating the removal of mucus. Aloe vera forms a coating on the mucous cavity, protecting it from irritation and reducing pain in the throat.
In addition, Pediakid - a spray for the nose and throat - contains eucalyptus hydrolates, as well as rosemary, echinacea extracts and copper. It also comes with two dual-action attachments.
Sea water sprays
All nasal sprays are made based on a solution of sea water; such products are weakly concentrated, approximately 9 g/l. This is the same as adding a teaspoon of salt to a liter of water. Sometimes the amount of salt is increased to 20 g/l; this composition is called hypertonic. It is used by adults with severe swelling of the mucous membrane. Products based on sea water are not addictive with long-term use and do not have side effects.
Thanks to the pressure inside the balloon, the nose is cleansed with liquid pressure
The design of all nasal sprays is the same. The solution is kept in a special container under pressure under sterile conditions. The nozzle makes it possible to spray an aerosol in the sinuses. Aerosols with sea water in therapy are prescribed for the following diseases:
- with adenoids in children, the tissues are regenerated and the risk of complications is reduced;
- with a runny nose, swelling subsides and mucus flows out;
- in case of inflammation of the nasopharynx, for example, sinusitis, the nasal cavity is rinsed before using medications and cleared of pus.
It is recommended to use saline solutions for prevention, using it to carry out hygiene measures for the nose and throat for children and adults. It is completely safe and does not cause side effects or overdose.
"Isofra"
The main active component of the spray belongs to the antimicrobial agents of the aminoglycoside group. "Isofra" has a bactericidal effect against a huge number of different pathogenic bacteria, including gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens that provoke otorhinolaryngological diseases.
The bactericidal effect is carried out due to disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterial cell and damage to the intracellular protein junction.
When used externally, the active components of the Isofra spray are not absorbed into the general bloodstream.
"Derinat"
The medicine can be used as a single drug for colds, but only in a situation where therapy was started from the first hours of the disease.
In the first days, the spray must be sprayed onto the mucous membrane of the throat every hour. In the next 24 hours, the medication is used every three to four hours. If the disease is not complicated by anything, then Derinat therapy should be continued for only a week.
For pharyngitis and tonsillitis, irrigate the throat with the drug every two hours, the duration of treatment can be up to ten days. The duration of therapy is determined by a medical specialist. This depends on the age of the patient and the severity of the disease.
For acute respiratory viral infections, it is necessary to start spraying the nasal spray at the first signs of illness. As a rule, timely immunostimulation can significantly improve the course of the disease and reduce the likelihood of bacterial complications. In the first days, Derinat is sprayed into the nose frequently - two sprays into both nostrils, every 1.5 hours. In the future, the frequency of use is reduced to five times a day.
For bacterial rhinitis and sinusitis, the drug is used in conjunction with antimicrobial, as well as vasoconstrictor and anti-inflammatory drugs (if necessary). The medication is irrigated four times in each nasal passage 6 times a day. The average duration of therapy is ten days.
Rinomaris® is a new generation two-component drug against nasal congestion
The main active ingredient in the spray for runny nose and nasal congestion Rinomaris® is xylometazoline, which narrows small vessels located in the mucous membrane, eliminating their excessive filling with blood. Due to this, swelling subsides and nasal breathing is restored. The effect of the drug begins within a few minutes after use and lasts up to 10-12 hours.
It is important that xylometazoline, when applied topically, practically does not penetrate into the bloodstream and intercellular fluid - modern analytical methods cannot detect the substance in the blood plasma. The drug is available in a dosage of 0.05% (for children from 2 to 6 years old) and 0.1% (for adults).
All vasoconstrictor single-component drops and nasal sprays for a runny nose “dry” the mucous membrane. Therefore, the composition of the drug Rinomaris®, along with xylometazoline, includes sea water. In its composition, it differs significantly from the solution of table salt, which is sometimes used to wash the nose. In addition to sodium chloride, sea water contains a complex of minerals and trace elements, including iodine, zinc, selenium, and magnesium. Xylometazoline eliminates swelling of the mucous membrane and restores the patency of the nasal passages, and sea water maintains the physiological state of the nasal mucosa, helps to thin the mucus and normalize its production.
Rinomaris® vasoconstrictor spray quickly and permanently facilitates nasal breathing, preventing the thickening of mucus and thus reducing the risk of inflammatory complications of the runny nose.
"Bioparox" - spray for nose and throat
The aerosol is a local antibacterial agent. The active component of the drug has increased pharmacological effectiveness against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as anaerobes and fungi of the genus Candida.
The antibiotic spray “Bioparox” for the nose and throat exhibits the highest therapeutic activity in the early stages of the disease, that is, literally on the first day, while the inflammation is not yet so advanced.
When using the aerosol for pharmacological purposes, patients noted a decrease in pain when swallowing, a decrease in swelling of the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils, as well as some improvement in their general condition.
At this time, the drug is not sold in Russia.
Experts suggest replacing the Bioparox throat and nasal spray with analogues:
- "Lugol";
- "Girammidin"
- "Novosept Forte"
- "Inhalipt" and some others.
Sprays with cyclamen
Sprays with cyclamen
took their place of honor among the many natural preparations of the Sweet Health herbal pharmacy.
Balm Healer is a preventive and therapeutic agent that is used for diseases of the nose, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx. Thanks to the natural composition, the Healer spray naturally cleanses the paranasal sinuses, removes inflammatory processes and congestion in the mucous membrane, and also significantly facilitates breathing.
The Healer spray contains cyclamen tuber extract, extracts of medicinal herbs, propolis, tea tree oil, juniper and eucalyptus, as well as aloe extract.
The components of cyclamen extract have a very interesting effect on the nasal mucosa. When the drug gets on the mucous membrane, the components of the cyclamen extract irritate it, causing increased secretion, which promotes self-cleaning of the maxillary sinuses.
Propolis deserves special attention! Propolis is a natural bactericidal, antioxidant and immunomodulatory agent that can resist a huge number of bacteria, fungi and viruses! In addition, propolis is an excellent anesthetic.
Balm Healer is indicated for rhinitis, frontal sinusitis, sinusitis , as well as for the prevention of these diseases during epidemics, as well as in the autumn-winter period.
Application: 1 - 2 injections 2 - 3 times a day (6 - 8 days).
