Antibiotics for runny nose in adults: drops for rhinitis

A runny nose is often a faithful companion to many diseases that affect children and adults. When choosing antibiotics for a runny nose in adults and children, you should take into account that different types of rhinitis require different medications. It is impossible to get rid of a problem for sure without identifying the root of its occurrence.

A common cause of rhinitis is the entry of pathogenic bacteria into the nasopharynx area. However, even in such cases, antibiotic treatment is not always indicated. Many people are afraid of antibacterial therapy because of its negative effects on the body. Let's figure out what the advantages and disadvantages of such drugs are.

Indications for antibiotic therapy

Doctors identify specific diseases for which treatment of a runny nose with antibiotics is indicated. These include:

inflammation of the maxillary sinuses;
Frontitis;
Purulent ethmoiditis;
Sinusitis.

All of the above ailments begin with an inflammatory process in the sinuses. If ordinary remedies for snot in an adult do not help, then the patient may be prescribed an antibiotic. And also a 100% indication for such therapy is an analysis confirming the addition of a bacterial infection.

In this case, the patient begins to experience fever, chills, severe migraines, and greenish discharge from the nasal cavity. In this situation, only antibiotics for rhinitis will help eliminate the root cause of the disease.

As a rule, an antibiotic for a runny nose in adults is prescribed only in extreme cases. A common runny nose (rhinitis), accompanied by copious thick discharge, most often goes away on its own.

If a person has a fairly strong immune system, then serious drug intervention may not be needed at all. Taking antibiotics is inevitable if you have started the disease and it has become chronic.

What if the runny nose is severe?

The actions of drugs are aimed only at destroying microbes, which is why there is no need to place vain hopes on them.

they are unable to relieve swelling of the nasal cavity;
will not reduce excessive discharge of mucus or pus;
You should not expect an immediate effect from treatment;
Antibiotics do not moisturize the nasal mucosa.

DETAILS: Is it possible to drink alcohol with antibiotics amoxiclav

It is for this reason that the patient is prescribed parallel medications that will help relieve the symptoms of the disease and ease breathing.

If there is a severe runny nose and there is a threat of infection in the sinuses, the otolaryngologist will prescribe antibiotic treatment for the runny nose. This set of procedures is usually prescribed for threatened or already widespread purulent sinusitis. There are two groups of antibiotics:

Bactericidal.
Bacteriological.

The bactericidal group is based on the destruction of pathogenic organisms.

Bacteriological drugs are directly involved in suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

Antibiotics for runny nose for adults

Only a specialist can make a final decision on prescribing one type of antibiotic or another for children and adults. An antibiotic for a runny nose is selected according to the results of the examination, as well as after passing a series of tests. In particular, it is necessary to test the sensitivity of the drug components to bacteria.

Antibacterial drugs for the common cold in adults are a group of half-synthetic or completely natural products. Based on the principle of operation, two groups can be distinguished:

Bactericidal - focused on detecting and eliminating harmful bacteria.
Bacteriostatic – Prevents the division of pathogenic microorganisms.

Most often, ENT specialists are inclined to prescribe bactericidal drugs to the patient. They actively disinfect the nasal cavity. This is their task - to completely disinfect the nasal passages and restore the respiratory function of the nose.

Antibiotics for runny nose in adults

In the initial stages of rhinitis development, vasoconstrictor drugs are most often used to moisturize the mucous membrane, reduce swelling and nasal discharge in the form of snot. The main goal of this therapy is to relieve symptoms, including difficulty breathing through the nose, intense nasal discharge due to swollen and inflamed mucous membranes. If treatment is not started on time, the disease develops into a prolonged runny nose. when this group of drugs can no longer bring the desired result. Antibiotics for runny nose in adults are prescribed precisely at this stage of the disease.

For most patients suffering from infectious diseases of the mucous membranes and paranasal sinuses, the doctor prescribes an antibacterial medicine. Only an experienced and knowledgeable doctor will act differently when seeking help early. As medical practice shows, 90% of runny noses and sinusitis are viral in nature. Here the antibiotic has no effect. This is one of the main reasons that when the first symptoms appear, it is pointless to run to the pharmacy for antibacterial agents. Perhaps rhinitis in this case is only a symptom of the development of ARVI. And this disease in the first days is treated with the usual washing of the nasal turbinates and passages, and taking antiviral agents - derivatives of Interferon. The situation looks completely different when the patient’s nasal discharge is too viscous and viscous, yellow-green in color. This indicates bacterial rhinitis, which most often forms on the 5th day from the moment the disease progresses.

Even in this condition, it is still too early to take an antibiotic for a runny nose in adults. But irrigation of the nasal cavity with an effective antiseptic is necessary. This will speed up recovery and relieve unpleasant symptoms. If even after these manipulations the condition has not improved at all, then you need to visit the doctor again to change medications, since they do not bring the desired effect.

Treatment with an antibacterial group of drugs is prescribed by the attending physician when the pathology is aggravated by the addition of a bacterial infection that cannot be treated with other drugs. This often occurs with a mixed type infection, high virulence, and bacterial resistance to drugs. Then the doctor prescribes an antibiotic to his patient for a cough and runny nose of a stronger effect.

The following drugs effectively and quickly cope with colds and runny nose with cough (or without it):

"Rinza"; "Coldrex"; "Coldakt".

Indications for use are as follows:

Bacterial runny nose of severe forms; Prolonged form with transition to chronic; Exacerbation of a prolonged runny nose after hypothermia; The infection spread to the maxillary sinuses; Rhinitis against the background of diseases such as ethmoiditis or frontal sinusitis; Worsening of the disease, triggering the development of: tonsillitis or bronchitis, tracheitis or other pathologies.

Systemic antibacterial drugs will have to be taken if the patient:

The temperature rises by more than 390; Nasal discharge – intense, purulent; Pain increases around the paranasal sinuses, as well as in the forehead, eyebrows or eyes; No improvement is felt for more than 10 days from the onset of the disease; Deterioration of condition after short-term stabilization.

Previously, the course of taking antibacterial drugs ranged from 10 to 14 days. Today this group consists of new and more effective analogues, which makes it possible to reduce the course of treatment to 7 days. This makes it possible to prevent the pathogen from becoming addicted to the action of drugs and prevents the development of intestinal dysbiosis. Be that as it may, only a specialist - your attending physician - should choose drugs for therapy.

For a runny nose that is viral in nature, it is not recommended to use an antibiotic. Not only will it not produce the desired effect, but it will also increase the risk of the virus developing resistance to the drug.

Despite all the positive qualities of this group of drugs, there are a number of contraindications to their use. Therefore, everyone should familiarize themselves with them before treating themselves. It is worth understanding that no matter how expensive and advertised an antibiotic is, this is not an indicator of its effectiveness and, most importantly, safety for your health.

Contraindications to the use of antibacterial drugs are as follows:

You should not take them against allergies or sinusitis - this will damage the natural flora of the mucous membrane and lead to the development of a secondary infection, including fungal; Do not take for viral rhinitis - it will weaken the immune system; If the drugs are selected incorrectly, there is a high risk of developing candidiasis, dysbiosis and pathologies of the digestive tract, and microbes, on the contrary, become more resistant to the drugs.

In each annotation to the drug, contraindications are described in detail, do not be lazy and read the health risks of its use.

Antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of a runny nose in drip, tablet form (runny nose tablets) or injections. The last three positions are taken systematically, strictly as intended - without interruptions or refusal. Prescribed for very severe forms of the common cold, they quickly penetrate into the blood, localizing the infection.

Most often, patients are prescribed:

"Erythromycin"; "Augmentin"; "Clarithromycin"; "Amoxilav"; "Amoxicillin"; "Flemoclav"; Azithromycin.

These are the most effective and proven drugs to date. Cephalosporins are used only in cases where the disease is complicated by sinusitis - diseases in the lower respiratory tract.

Antibiotics in sprays and drops are much more often used in the treatment of a runny nose. Their main advantage over the above is that they are able to almost completely stop the inflammation process and do not have side effects. The active ingredients - novoimanin, neomycin, framycetin, fusafungin - are included in local antibiotics in the form of spray and drops.

The most effective of them are:

"Isofra"; "Bioparox"; "Polydex".

The latter antibiotic is especially famous for its effectiveness - it acts comprehensively, and in addition to antibacterial compounds, it contains vasoconstrictors and a glucocorticosteroid. Isofra is considered the safest remedy; it is prescribed even to small children.

Sometimes doctors prescribe eye and ear drops to treat a runny nose, but their effectiveness is not as high as that of the above drugs.

If, after all, a runny nose develops into sinusitis: antibiotics for sinusitis in adults

The attitude of Israeli doctors towards antibiotics:

A runny nose in adults in most cases is a sign of another disease. In the initial stages, drops with a vasoconstrictor effect are usually prescribed. They moisturize the nasal mucosa, remove swelling and reduce the amount of mucus. The goal of such therapy is to relieve symptoms and facilitate nasal breathing. But if the intensity of nasal discharge does not change, it becomes greater, and the swelling and inflammation in the tissues do not go away, it is recommended to take antibiotics.

Treatment with antibiotics is best done only in case of complications and protracted illness.

Antibiotics are used to treat a prolonged runny nose, chronic diseases with acute manifestations, purulent discharge, for example, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, ethmoiditis. Inflammatory processes occur in the paranasal sinuses and are accompanied by copious purulent discharge, fever, and constant throbbing pain in the head. Conventional bactericidal agents are ineffective in this case.

Main indications for use for a runny nose:

bacterial form at a severe stage; protracted rhinitis with transition to the chronic stage; severe exacerbation of protracted rhinitis as a result of hypothermia; infection in the maxillary sinuses; detection of rhinitis as a consequence of ethmoiditis, frontal sinusitis; complications as a result of a runny nose, provoking the occurrence of tonsillitis, bronchitis, tracheitis.

Systemic antibacterial medications are prescribed if adult patients have symptoms:

an increase in body temperature of more than 39 degrees; an increase in the amount of discharge that becomes purulent in nature; severe pain around the paranasal sinuses, in the T-shaped area of the forehead, in the eyes; lack of progress in therapy within 10 days from the onset of rhinitis; a sharp deterioration in condition after a short improvement ;transition of the acute stage of rhinitis to the chronic stage.

Antibiotics for the common cold can be local or general and are offered in the form of tablets, capsules, sprays and drops. Drugs are prescribed for intramuscular injection when bacteria multiply rapidly, the infection develops and its spread to other organs is observed.

Treatment with antibacterial drugs is used when the existing pathology worsens, the development of bacterial infection and the absence of effect from traditional therapy.

The speed and effectiveness of the antibiotic are the main advantages of antimicrobial drugs, but they have a number of serious contraindications. Therefore, before deciding which medicine to use, you need to consult a doctor.

Main contraindications:

taking against allergies and for chronic sinusitis is fraught with disruption of the natural microflora of mucosal tissues, which initiates the development of a secondary fungal infection; treatment for viral rhinitis can weaken the immune system; therapy with incorrectly selected drugs increases the risk of developing candidiasis, dysbiosis, gastrointestinal dysfunction, increasing the resistance of bacteria to the action of antibiotics; row.

The instructions for use clearly state contraindications, which the patient must be familiar with.

It is better to treat a runny nose with local antibiotics in the form of drops or sprays. Their use reduces the risk of complications from other organs and systems of the human body, so treatment is easier to tolerate, and side effects rarely occur.

For the treatment of colds and infectious diseases, complex therapy with several types of antibiotics is prescribed. The most common:

penicillins, such as Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin; fluoroquinols; macrolides, for example, Azitrocymine; cephalosporins, such as Suprax, Cefuroxime.

Antibiotics for the common cold are offered in drop, tablet or injection form. They are taken systemically until the course of treatment is completed. Since the drugs quickly penetrate into the blood and are absorbed by the liver and kidneys, they are therefore prescribed only for serious indications and for advanced, especially severe forms of the common cold.

Before prescribing a certain type of antibiotics, you need to undergo an examination, take tests, swabs from the nasal mucosa for prolonged rhinitis, and samples of pus from the sinuses. From the information obtained, it is established what type or several types of pathogens caused the infection, as well as the sensitivity of microbes to various antibiotics. After reviewing the test results, the doctor selects the dosage, type and course of treatment.

Common tablets are presented in the list: Amoxiclav, Azithromycin, Claforan, Sumamed, Ampicillin. The most effective antibiotic for macrolide type rhinitis is: Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Midecamycin. The second most popular drugs are β-lactam (Augmentin) and cephalosporin (Cefodox, Ceftriaxone).

In particularly severe cases, intramuscular injections and infusions using special solutions are recommended. General antibiotics can cure not only a runny nose in an adult, but also the cause of its occurrence.

Lightweight antibiotics are nasal drops and aerosols, such as:

Neomycin is an aminoglycoside group. The product is offered in drops, but it can be used as a lotion. Does not work against viruses. The natural antibiotic Novoimanin acts on the restoration of mucosal tissue. Suitable for combating penicillin-resistant staphylococci. Offered in the form of drops. Framycetin, Novocain, Neomycin based on natural ingredients are prescribed for chronic runny nose, such as rhinitis, sinusitis. However, a runny nose of fungal or infectious origin cannot be treated. Aerosol Bioparox based on fusafungin effectively works against γ-positive and γ-negative bacterial infections, fungal infections, and has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Spray Isofra based on framycetin allows you to quickly relieve swelling, inflammation and get rid of snot . The antibiotic has no effect against anaerobic microbes. Polydex spray based on phenylephrine has an antibacterial effect and relieves nasal congestion. The therapeutic effect is pronounced and has a wide range of applications. Streptococci are resistant to these antibiotics.

Drops and sprays often provoke the development of allergic reactions, which leads to aggravation of the problem with a runny nose, so the drugs should only be prescribed by a doctor. Allergies may occur some time after the start of treatment, therefore, it is necessary to monitor changes in the general condition of the patient. If necessary, the course of treatment is adjusted. Sometimes the originally prescribed drug should be stopped.

Antibiotics are strong drugs, so improper use, deviation from the course of therapy and dosage can lead to a number of side effects. Most common problems:

nausea and vomiting; gastrointestinal dysfunction; aching and cutting pain in the abdomen; loss of appetite; iron deficiency and anemia; the appearance and development of other fungal infections; allergic reactions.

When taking local antibiotics, exceeding the dose taken can cause various skin lesions and burns of the mucous membrane.

Rhinitis (runny nose) is an inflammatory process that affects the nasal mucosa. Rhinitis can be viral, allergic, bacterial, vasomotor, reflex, etc. Acute and chronic rhinitis are also distinguished.

Acute rhinitis is accompanied by damage to the entire nasal mucosa. The disease is often complicated by the involvement of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses in the inflammatory process. Most often, the mucous membrane of the ethmoid labyrinth is damaged (ethmoiditis occurs) and the maxillary sinuses (sinusitis).

Antibiotics for rhinitis in adults are prescribed precisely in the presence of bacterial complications.

Chronic rhinitis is accompanied by damage to the mucous membranes lining the inferior turbinates and the anterior sections of the nose. Unlike acute rhinitis, chronic rhinitis is less often accompanied by the transition of the inflammatory process to the mucous membranes of the middle and upper nasal concha.

There is no treatment for common viral runny nose with antibiotics in adults and children. Antibacterial drugs do not act on viruses, so their use is not advisable.

For the treatment of viral, uncomplicated rhinitis, vasoconstrictor nasal drops and oxolinic ointment are used; if necessary, interferons and antiviral agents can be used. To reduce intoxication, drinking plenty of warm water is recommended. Symptomatic therapy consists of prescribing antipyretics (if the temperature rises above 380C) and antihistamines (if there is severe swelling of the mucous membrane).

Physiotherapy (Ural irradiation, UHF, magnetic therapy) can also be used. After reducing the swelling of the mucous membrane, rinsing the nose with saline solutions, preparations such as Dolphin, Aqualor, Aqua Maris, etc. is effective.

The course of viral rhinitis is conventionally divided into four stages:

irritation - lasts from one to three days (the appearance of serous, watery, profuse discharge, constant sneezing, discomfort in the nose); exudation - lasts from two to four days (the stage of thicker, mucous discharge); thick discharge – the stage of yellowish, viscous discharge, usually lasts from two to three days; convalescence or development of complications.

Systemic antibiotics for nasal congestion are not prescribed if there is no bacterial sinusitis (sinusitis, ethmoiditis, frontal sinusitis, sphenoiditis), rhinosinusitis (rhinitis in combination with sinusitis) or other complications. Antibiotics do not reduce mucosal swelling or improve sinus aeration. These drugs act directly on the bacterial pathogen, destroying it or preventing its reproduction. That is, the rapid improvement in well-being while taking antibacterial drugs is due to the fact that antibiotics destroy the cause of inflammation - pathogenic bacteria.

Read further: Three groups of antibiotics for ENT diseases in adults

As a result, within 1-2 days the severity of clinical symptoms decreases: the temperature decreases, intoxication symptoms disappear (muscle and joint aches, lethargy, etc.).

Antibiotics for prolonged purulent runny nose can be prescribed as part of combined drops or sprays (Polydex with phenylephrine, Fluimucil antibiotic IT, etc.). Due to the combined composition, these agents are not only antibacterial, but also vasoconstrictor, decongestant, mucolytic, anti-inflammatory, etc. action.

Systemic antibiotics for the treatment of rhinitis are prescribed precisely when complications develop. In children under three years of age, sinusitis practically does not occur, however, acute rhinitis in children can be complicated by otitis media. In adults, rhinitis is more often complicated by sinusitis. Also, mucus draining down the back wall of the throat can cause pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis, and bronchitis.

The development of bacterial complications is indicated by the “second wave” of the disease. That is, after improvement occurs, the temperature rises again, intoxication symptoms appear, and symptoms specific to the developed complication appear.

With otitis media, there is pain and a feeling of fullness in the ear, and hearing loss. Young children become capricious, refuse to eat, and hold their ears.

With sinusitis, headaches appear that get worse when bending over, purulent discharge from the nasal passages, congestion, and a feeling of fullness in the bridge of the nose. With sinusitis, pain can radiate to the upper jaw and teeth.

Pharyngitis is characterized by sore throat, sore and dry mucous membranes, and a reflex cough. The mucous membrane of the throat takes on a bright red tint. You can often notice viscous purulent mucus running down the back wall. Regional lymph nodes (cervical, submandibular, occipital) are often enlarged.

Tonsillitis is accompanied by enlargement of the tonsils and the appearance of white, purulent plaques, pain in the throat, aggravated by swallowing. There is also an increase in the cervical and submandibular lymph nodes.

The addition of bronchitis is indicated by a cough, first dry, then with the addition of sputum.

Read more: Dietary considerations when taking antibiotics

For severe and prolonged purulent runny nose, without the development of sinusitis and other complications, local antibacterial therapy can be used.

The cost of the drug, produced by the Italian company Zambon, is 780 rubles.

The most effective is the inhaled antibiotic Fluimucil antibiotic IT. It can be used either in the form of drops or through a nebulizer.

Fluimucil antibiotic it

The drug contains the synthetic antibiotic thiamphenicol (a group of amphinecols) and the mucolytic acetylcysteine. Due to the combined composition, in addition to a pronounced antibacterial effect on a wide range of pathogens, the product has powerful mucolytic and anti-inflammatory effects.

The drug can be used for bacterial rhinitis, sinusitis, laryngotracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.

By inhalation, adults are prescribed 0.25 g of the solution, when using Fluimucil drip - 2-4 drops. The product is used 1-2 times a day.

Antibiotic for the common cold for children and adolescents:

inhalation, for children over 1 year of age, 0.125 g one to two times a day, depending on the severity of the disease; Fluimucil antibiotic IT can be dripped into the nose from the 1st year, 1-2 drops.

Contraindications to the use of the drug are divided into absolute and relative.

Absolute restrictions on the use of the drug are: blood diseases, inhibition of bone marrow hematopoiesis; severe damage to the kidneys and liver, accompanied by impairment of their functions; lactation; intolerance to thiamphenicol or acetylcysteine.

Relative restrictions (that is, the drug can be prescribed according to strict indications) are;

phenylketonuria; arterial hypertension; age up to three years; pregnancy; pathology of esophageal veins; stomach and duodenal ulcers; bronchus. asthma; history of pulmonary hemorrhage.

The cost of the means of production of the French pharmaceutical company Bouchard Laboratory is 320 rubles.

Main active ingredient: antibiotic of the aminoglycoside class - framycetin.

Isofra

The drug has a powerful antibacterial effect against a wide range of pathogens. Isofra can be used for bacterial rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, sinusitis (provided that there is no damage to the septum).

Isofra is not prescribed for the treatment of children under one year of age, patients with individual intolerance to aminoglycosides, pregnant or breastfeeding women.

For adults, it is recommended to take 1 dose in each nasal passage four to six times a day.

An antibiotic for a runny nose for children is prescribed 1 dose every eight hours.

The cost of the means of production of the French pharmaceutical company Bouchard Laboratory is 330 rubles.

Polydexa

The product includes:

antibiotics polymyxin B (polymyxin class) and neomycin (aminoglycosides); anticongestant (decongestant) phenylephrine; hormone - dexamethasone.

Due to the combined composition, the drug has not only an antibacterial, but also a pronounced anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor and decongestant effect.

Polydexa can be used for acute and chronic rhinitis, rhinopharyngitis and sinusitis.

Contraindications to its use are:

angle-closure glaucoma; pregnancy and breastfeeding; children under 2.5 years of age albuminuria; individual intolerance to components; thyroid dysfunction.

Adults are recommended to use Polydex three to five times a day (1 spray). For children from 2.5 to fifteen years old, it is prescribed three times a day.

Augmentin

Augmentin for a runny nose is prescribed in the presence of bacterial complications (sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, bronchitis, etc.).

The drug is produced by the British pharmaceutical company Glaxo Smith Klein. Cost 20 tab. 375 mg - 250 rubles; 14 tab. 652 mg – 330 rubles; 14 tab. 1 g - 320 rubles.

Augmentin

The main active ingredient of Augmentin is the semi-synthetic penicillin Amoxicillin, enhanced with the inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamases, clavulanic acid.

The product is active against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including strepto- and staphylococci (methicillin-sensitive), Haemophilus influenzae, enterococci, clostridia, Moraxella, Escherichia, Corynebacteria, etc.

Other drugs amoxicillin + clavulanic acid:

Arlet (produced by the Russian pharmaceutical company Synthesis AKOMP. Price 14 tablets of 625 mg - 330 rubles, 14 tablets of 1 g - 410 rubles); Panklav (a drug produced by the Serbian pharmaceutical company Hemofarm. Cost 20 tablets of 625 mg - 460 rubles, 14 tablets of 1 g - 380 rubles); Ecoclave (produced by the Russian company ABVA RUS. Cost 15 tablets of 375 mg - 200 rubles, 15 tablets of 625 - 300 rubles, 14 tablets of 1 g - 340 rubles).

The drug is produced by the Israeli pharmaceutical company Pliva Hrvatska. The cost of packaging is 3 tablets. 500 mg is 580 rubles.

The main active ingredient of Sumamed is azithromycin (a macrolide antibiotic).

Sumamed

The advantages of azithromycin over other antibiotics include its good tolerability, low incidence of undesirable effects, and the possibility of use in short courses due to its prolonged action.

The antibiotic has a wide spectrum of action, including streptococci and staphylococci, chlamydia, mycoplasma, gonococci, meningococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella, Listeria, Legionella, etc.

Other azithromycin preparations (3 tablets of 500 mg):

Ecomed of the Russian campaign ABVA RUS. Price - 200 rubles; Hemomycin from the Serbian company Hemofarm. Price - 340 rubles; Azithromycin from the Russian company Pharmstandard. Price 110 rub.

Medicines in tablets

Before you start taking antibiotics for a runny nose in a child or adult, you must undergo all examinations recommended by the doctor. The specialist will base his prescriptions on the test results. If you have a severe and persistent runny nose, you will have to take a swab from your nasal canals.

Based on all the data, the doctor will decide which antibiotics you need to treat for nasal congestion and its dosage.

Drug names

The most widely known antibiotics in tablet form are drugs of the azithromycin group:

Sumamed;
Amoxiclav;
Amoxicillin.

There are also macrolide antibiotics:

Erythromycin;
Clarithromycin.

Such drugs in tablets as:

Augmentin;
Ceftriaxone.

If the drugs in tablets are ineffective, the patient is recommended to switch to intramuscular injections. The latter are performed using special solutions. Broad-spectrum drugs are aimed not only at eliminating symptoms, but also at the causes of the disease.

Contraindications for use

Antibiotic drugs usually work very quickly. This is their main advantage. But since their effect on the body is strong, there is a large list of contraindications. Antibiotics are not prescribed if:

there is a pronounced allergic reaction to drugs;
have liver or kidney disease;
leukopenia was diagnosed;
have heart problems.

Antibiotics are prescribed with caution to children and pregnant women.

How are antibiotics used during pregnancy and lactation? Doctors do not recommend using such medications during pregnancy and lactation, as medications can have a negative effect on the fetus and the baby. Before prescribing these medications to a woman, the doctor must make sure that she is not pregnant. If avoiding antibiotics during breastfeeding is not possible, breastfeeding should be discontinued. Women should consult a doctor before prescribing medications.

Can antibiotics be used in childhood? You cannot treat a child on your own. It is necessary to consult a doctor who will competently assess the situation and prescribe the right drug in the right dose. Antibiotics for a child with a runny nose are prescribed as a last resort.

For persistent runny nose in children, a course of Azithromycin is recommended.

Side effects of medications for a runny nose:

gastrointestinal disorder;
dysbacteriosis;
headaches, dizziness;
fast fatiguability;
anemia;
allergy;
fungal infections.

Due to the large list of side effects, doctors usually prescribe antibiotics only as a last resort, choosing the most gentle of them, that is, topical preparations, such as drops and sprays. Although they can also provoke allergies. Then the doctor changes the prescribed antibiotic or stops treatment with such drugs.

Antibiotics for the runny nose for children are recommended for prolonged and severe runny nose, when there is fever, headaches, and soreness in the nose and T-zone. The doctor prescribes special antibiotic therapy using the following medications:

Spiramycin;
Midecamycin;
Erythromycin;
Clarithromycin;
Azithromycin.

Use special drops and sprays:

Novoimanin (actively counteracts staphylococcal infections, restores the nasal mucosa);
Framycetin;
Neomycin;
Isofra;
Polydex;
Bioparox.

The timing of use and dosage of all drugs is prescribed by the doctor on a strictly individual basis. Before prescribing a course of treatment, doctors recommend that the patient undergo a series of tests, for example, a swab from the nasal mucosa for analysis and pus samples. This is necessary in order to understand which pathogens cause the infection and to determine the sensitivity of microbes to antibiotics of different groups.

What are the rules for using antibiotics? It is necessary to start a course of treatment only if there is a temperature above 39ºC and intense purulent discharge from the nose. If there is no improvement within 10 days or there is a deterioration in the condition after a short improvement, antibiotics must be prescribed.

When treated with antibiotics it is not recommended:

drink alcohol;
consume dairy products;
take medications containing aluminum, magnesium, iron and calcium;
take bactericidal drugs;
take psychotropic drugs;
change the time of administration and dosage of the drug;
eat fatty, spicy, smoked, sweet foods.

Antibiotics reduce the effectiveness of antithrombotic drugs and contraceptives (oral). Medicines should be taken only with clean water. It is recommended to take special medications, such as Linex, to maintain bowel function. Patients prone to allergies need to take antihistamines to avoid allergies. All medications are taken only after consultation with the attending physician. Taking antibiotics on your own can be dangerous.

Antibiotics drops

Lighter types of antibiotics include nasal drops and sprays. With a severe runny nose, they are unlikely to give a quick result, but they can save you from incipient bacterial rhinitis. For various types of colds with runny nose, the following remedies are indicated.

Neomycin and Novoimanin

Neomycin belongs to a number of drugs from the aminoglycoside group. Pharmacies will offer you the drug in the form of nasal drops. However, using this product you can also make lotions. Has no practical use in fighting viruses.

Novoimanin is a natural antibiotic aimed at the rapid regeneration of nasal mucous tissues. With its help, the body can resist staphylococcal infections that are not affected by penicillin. Sold in drop form.

Framycetin and Bioparox

Framycetin is a drug made from natural ingredients. Effective in the fight against chronic rhinitis and prolonged sinusitis. However, it will not help you get rid of snot caused by infections or fungi.

Bioparox is a product that comes in the form of an aerosol (spray for the nose and throat). It is based on fusafungin, aimed at destroying both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Proven to be effective in resisting fungi and bacterial infections. The drug also has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.

Isofra and Polydexa

Isofra is a nasal aerosol based on framycetin. The drug instantly eliminates swelling and stops inflammatory processes. The patient has a high chance of getting rid of snot after just a few days of treatment. This antibiotic is not effective against anaerobes.

Polydexa is an antibiotic in the form of a nasal spray. The main active ingredient is phenylephrine. It has a pronounced antibacterial effect and restores free nasal breathing to the patient.

The therapeutic effect can be felt already on the first day of use. The drug is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. However, the product is not able to resist streptococcal bacilli.

Contraindications for use

Antibiotic drugs usually work very quickly. This is their main advantage. But since their effect on the body is strong, there is a large list of contraindications. Antibiotics are not prescribed if:

there is a pronounced allergic reaction to drugs;
have liver or kidney disease;
leukopenia was diagnosed;
have heart problems.

Antibiotics are prescribed with caution to children and pregnant women.

For persistent runny nose in children, a course of Azithromycin is recommended.

Side effects of medications for a runny nose:

gastrointestinal disorder;
dysbacteriosis;
headaches, dizziness;
fast fatiguability;
anemia;
allergy;
fungal infections.

Spiramycin;
Midecamycin;
Erythromycin;
Clarithromycin;
Azithromycin.

Use special drops and sprays:

Novoimanin (actively counteracts staphylococcal infections, restores the nasal mucosa);
Framycetin;
Neomycin;
Isofra;
Polydex;
Bioparox.

When treated with antibiotics it is not recommended:

drink alcohol;
consume dairy products;
take medications containing aluminum, magnesium, iron and calcium;
take bactericidal drugs;
take psychotropic drugs;
change the time of administration and dosage of the drug;
eat fatty, spicy, smoked, sweet foods.

Precautionary measures

Medicines in the form of aerosols and drops increase the risk of developing allergies, so only a doctor should prescribe them. An allergic reaction can occur either immediately after starting treatment or after some time.

Accordingly, it is necessary to closely monitor the patient’s well-being. In some cases, it is necessary to adjust treatment or discontinue the drug altogether.

You can learn about individual reactions and other side effects from the instructions for the specific drug. It is especially important to familiarize yourself with it when it comes to treating a child.

Note! Severe allergies can lead to anaphylactic shock and death of the patient. At the first signs, you should see your doctor.

Antibiotics for nasal congestion: which one to use in an adult to treat a runny nose with drops

The condition of nasal congestion is familiar to everyone, regardless of age.
The situation is unpleasant and causes considerable discomfort. Fortunately, modern medicine is rich in a lot of remedies that will help get rid of this disease. However, when choosing a remedy, special attention should be paid to the cause of the problem . After all, if in one case the medicine becomes a real salvation, then in another situation it may simply be powerless.

Treating nasal congestion with antibiotics makes sense if the cause of the disease is bacteria.

Drops and other dosage forms of antibiotics

Depending on the course of the disease and its severity, the patient may be prescribed different drugs.

If the disease occurs in a relatively mild form and has not spread beyond the nasal cavity, then it is advisable to use local antibiotics - nasal drops and sprays . They are aimed at killing bacteria in the area of application.

If the medication is prescribed correctly, the result will not take long to arrive. This category of medicines includes Isofra, Bioparox and Polydex.

But it is not always possible to get by with local influence. It may be necessary to use medications that have a general effect on the body. For example, when pathogenic bacteria have spread to other organs. In this case, diseases such as tonsillitis or, for example, bronchitis are detected.

In this case, means for general treatment of the body will help cope with the infection: tablets or injections for intramuscular or intravenous administration. The patient is prescribed penicillin antibiotics, macrolides or cephalosporins. Depending on a number of factors, treatment can last, on average, from 5 to 10 days.

When are antibiotics needed for nasal congestion?

A runny nose is an eternal companion to upper respiratory tract diseases. Their occurrence is most often triggered by the action of viruses. And fighting viruses with antibiotics is a pointless idea. That is why, when prescribing these drugs, it is important to identify signs of bacterial exposure.

A telltale sign of exposure to germs is green or yellow nasal discharge . In addition, the patient will experience severe weakness and high fever.

Also pay attention to the appearance of additional symptoms, such as cough and sore throat . Going to the hospital and taking a bacteriological culture test will certainly help identify the problem. Properly prescribed antibacterial drugs will prevent the disease from spreading and becoming chronic.

Important! In the first four days of illness, as a rule, antibiotics are avoided, after which this option is considered. But, if there is no improvement within 10 days, then you cannot do without these drugs.

Contraindications to taking antibiotics in adults and children

In some cases, antibiotics are very effective. But their uncontrolled use can lead to unpleasant consequences. To rid yourself of them, you need to know about contraindications to taking these medications .

There is no need to treat a runny nose caused by a virus with antibiotics. The drug will not only be ineffective, but may also reduce your own immunity.
In most cases, the use of products from this category is undesirable for pregnant women.
Most antibacterial drugs can only be taken after a certain age.
You should not take these medications if you have kidney or liver disease.

Side effects

It must be remembered that the larger the dose of the medicine and the longer the course, the more often unwanted effects occur.

With the general effect of antibiotics on the body (tablets, injections), the following are possible:

Disorders of the digestive system and gastrointestinal tract, which can be manifested by nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, and loss of appetite.
Development of allergies.
Candidiasis (fungal infection) of the mucous membranes.
Damage to the blood, kidneys, nervous system

With local exposure (drops, sprays, ointments), the likelihood of such effects is low, however, if the duration of the course of antibiotics is not observed (as prescribed by a doctor, usually 5-10 days), a population of bacteria resistant to this antibiotic may arise and a new course of treatment will have to be started.

A persistent runny nose in a young patient gives the doctor a reason to prescribe him antibiotics. Parents must understand that the child's body is very sensitive , and improper influence on it can only aggravate the disease. The use of antibiotics for nasal congestion in an infant or breastfeeding is only in extreme cases with the permission of a doctor.

It is important not only to choose the right drug, but also to determine the correct dosage. That is why it is better not to neglect contacting a specialist.

A frequent companion to antibiotic treatment in children is vomiting and diarrhea . The fact is that antibacterial therapy affects not only harmful microbes, but also beneficial bacteria that inhabit the intestines.

To help the body restore their population, along with the main drug, the child is prescribed probiotics.

Taking antibiotics during pregnancy and lactation

The most important thing that pregnant women need to remember is that you cannot take antibiotics on your own initiative . And a doctor can prescribe them only if there are serious indications. The fact is that these drugs tend to penetrate the fetus and can have a negative effect on it.

The most dangerous period is the first trimester of pregnancy . It is during this period that taking antibacterial agents can cause the greatest harm to the child.

That is why, if taking the drug is necessary to treat the mother, breastfeeding should be suspended while taking it.

Thus, antibiotics can be used for rhinitis during pregnancy and breastfeeding only with extreme caution.

Why antibacterial drugs are powerless

The actions of drugs are aimed only at destroying microbes, which is why there is no need to place vain hopes on them .

they are unable to relieve swelling of the nasal cavity;
will not reduce excessive discharge of mucus or pus;
You should not expect an immediate effect from treatment;
Antibiotics do not moisturize the nasal mucosa.

It is for this reason that the patient is prescribed parallel medications that will help relieve the symptoms of the disease and ease breathing.

Allergic rhinitis and antibiotics

One of the reasons for the development of nasal congestion is the body's reaction to allergens.

To treat allergic rhinitis (both seasonal and year-round), a person is prescribed antihistamines, agents that have a vasoconstrictor effect, and others. Taking antibiotics in this case is completely pointless, since they only affect microorganisms, and microbes have nothing to do with an allergic reaction.

Allergens can include pollen, certain foods, medications and chemicals.

Often, antibiotics themselves are the cause of allergic rhinitis or other immune reactions, including anaphylactic shock. This reaction to these drugs is justified by the fact that they often contain protein compounds to which the immune system reacts. The most allergenic groups of antibiotics are penicillin and cephalosporin.

Conclusion

Prescribing such serious drugs as antibiotics is a matter for a specialist. Improper use of these medications can cause the emergence and spread of microorganisms that are resistant to external influences. And if they enter the human body, problems may arise with the treatment of even a banal disease - after all, antibiotics will no longer help.

Not every disease can be expected to benefit from taking antibacterial agents. They should be taken strictly according to indications. We must not forget that each remedy has its own contraindications.

You need to be especially careful when prescribing these medications to children and pregnant women, because these are the most vulnerable groups of people. But if the effect of treatment can only be achieved with the help of antibiotics, you cannot refuse them. After all, the disease can become chronic and have dire consequences.

Source: https://medic.land/allergiya/simptomy/dyhatelnaya-sistema/nos/zalozhennost-n/lechenie/lekarstva/antibiotiki.html