Antibiotics for sinusitis and sinusitis

Sinusitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary (maxillary) sinus. This is a paired organ, so inflammation can be unilateral or bilateral. Most often, the mucous membrane becomes inflamed due to colds and infectious diseases associated with a runny nose. Dental diseases can also be a cause.

To treat sinusitis, conservative therapy methods are used, the main goal of which is to neutralize inflammation and cleanse the maxillary sinuses of exudate. For this, the patient is prescribed vasoconstrictor drops and antibacterial drugs. An auxiliary method of treating sinusitis is lavage of the sinuses. Sinusitis cannot be cured by rinsing alone, because it does not provide a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.

Indications for the procedure

Lavage has been used for the treatment of sinusitis for many years. This is an effective method of auxiliary treatment, which allows you to “break through” the sinuses and make breathing easier.

Indications for the procedure:

prolonged runny nose (more than 3 weeks);
labored breathing;
feeling of fullness in the maxillary sinuses;
impaired sense of smell;
soreness in the area of the maxillary sinuses.

Sinus rinsing should only be done after consultation with an otolaryngologist, as there are contraindications to this procedure.

Painkillers

It is important to take antibiotics for acute sinusitis in adults and children, subject to certain rules. They provide improvement in the patient's condition. Doctors advise:

Be sure to read the instructions accompanying each drug: the name of the antibiotic, dosage for adults and children for sinusitis.
Treatment should be aimed at the cause, not the symptoms. Also remember: take whatever antibiotics the doctor prescribes for the patient. It's better not to experiment with analogues.
Sinusitis and strong antibiotics are compatible only with the bacterial form of the disease. If your illness is caused by a virus, you will be prescribed antiviral drugs.
The use of tablets must be careful: antibiotics used for sinusitis cause complications. This happens when they are used incorrectly.
Only a doctor will select the most effective antibiotic for any sinusitis. He will also determine the dosage, frequency and duration of taking the drug.
Taking local antibiotics for ongoing sinusitis must be combined with systemic antibiotics. Nasal antibiotics are not enough for sinusitis.
It is important to begin treating rhinitis before it develops into sinusitis.

The drug contains the active ingredient - azithromycin (250-500 mg, depending on the dosage) in one capsule. Excipients: milk sugar (lactose); MCC; Low molecular weight medical PVP (povidone); magnesium stearate; colloidal silicon dioxide (aerosil). Capsule composition: gelatin, water, titanium dioxide.

How to properly rinse and clean your maxillary sinuses at home

You can rinse your nose at home using:

special teapot;
syringe bulbs (the tip should be soft and rubbery);
syringe.

You can also not use any devices and simply suck in the liquid through your nose.

If you want to use a kettle, make it easier on yourself and place a rubber pacifier with a hole in it over the tip. This will make it easier for you to control the water pressure.

The irrigation procedure requires proper preparation. Preparation consists of several stages:

Instillation of the nasal passages. Vasoconstrictor drops are used for this. This procedure thins the pus and mucus and facilitates their removal.
Clearing the nasal passages. It is necessary to exhale forcefully so that the contents of the nasal passages come out.
Preparation of solution for irrigation. It must be warm, not lower than natural body temperature.
Processing of the device. The kettle, douche or syringe must be clean.

When everything is prepared for the procedure, you can start washing. This is done this way:

Draw the liquid into the prepared irrigation device.
Stand over the sink and tilt your head to the right.
Insert the spout of a teapot/syringe/syringe into the left nasal opening.
Start pouring out the liquid. Control the pressure and don't pour too much. Do this for a few seconds.
After this, tilt your head to the left and insert the nose of the device into the right nostril. In the same way, pour the liquid into your sinus for a couple of seconds.

Normally, the fluid should first wash one sinus, then flow into the second and exit through the opposite nostril. If you do the procedure incorrectly, the liquid will enter your throat and you will start coughing.

General tips for applying a sinusitis treatment regimen for a patient:

If there is no improvement within 5-7 days from self-treatment, i.e. the headache continues, the body temperature remains elevated, breathing through the nose is severely difficult and vasoconstrictor drops do not help, poor general health, you should definitely consult a doctor.
If all this is not there, but the opposite is true, then the recommended timing of taking medications should still be followed, and the number of procedures indicated in points 4 – 8 can be gradually reduced and if you really feel well and there are no symptoms of inflammation of the sinuses described above, You can stop completely.
When purchasing medications at a pharmacy, always check the instructions to see if you have any contraindications for taking it. If within 3 – 4 days after taking the antibiotic you do not have a noticeable improvement, it should be replaced with another one. And if you have already taken an antibiotic during a cold, then consult your doctor about the advisability of taking it again; it may not be necessary, but it depends on the severity of the disease.
The effectiveness of treatment will be higher if the doctor additionally flushes your sinuses using the “fluid movement” method using an electric suction (among people the method is called “Cuckoo”).
The number and set of procedures is individual and depends on the severity, duration of the disease, free time, and attitude towards your disease.
The procedures indicated above in points No. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 can be performed 2 to 4 times during the day, for 7-14 days. The same procedures, for chronic diseases of the paranasal sinuses, can be used for a longer period of time.
The additional use of physiotherapeutic methods of influence on diseased sinuses, taking into account the stages of the disease, also increases the effectiveness of treatment. These can be methods such as: UHF, inductothermy, microwave, microwave therapy, laser therapy, ultrasound therapy, magnetic therapy, biothermal vibration massage, vibroacoustic effects with the Vitafon apparatus, etc.
During the period of illness, take additional vitamins with microelements.
To prevent (prevent) exacerbations of chronic sinusitis, take homeopathic medicines such as cinnabsin or sinupret or sinusin for 1 to 2 months in early spring and autumn.
If you have a cold, be sure to instill vasoconstrictor drops into your nose in the first days to prevent mucus from stagnating in the nose and sinuses. It also makes sense to take medications that contain components that also reduce swelling of the mucous membrane, such as: Coldact, Orinol, Actifed, Rinza, Coldflu (Flucold), Fervex, Pharmacitron, Coldrex or others like that.
Engage in hardening of the body and light physical exercise.
Remember: it is often easier to prevent a disease than to treat it later.

Below is a printable shortened version of the above. Convenient for a doctor when giving recommendations for a patient. The item that is needed for the patient depending on the condition is marked by circling a number and the medicine or necessary procedure, quantity and timing are emphasized.

Nasal rinsing by an otolaryngologist

To rinse the nose, otolaryngologists most often use two methods - the “cuckoo” procedure and the YAMIK procedure.

Cuckoo

The essence of the technique is to pump out mucus and pus by creating a pressure difference. First, the patient is instilled with special vasoconstrictor drops; in the future, this will facilitate the passage of mucus. Then the doctor, under slight pressure, injects a special medicine into the nasal opening (usually chlorhexidine, dioxidine, saline solution). To prevent it from getting into the throat, the patient needs to open his mouth and say “ku-ku”. Normally, the fluid should flow out through the other nasal passage. During circulation, the medicine washes the nasopharynx, sinuses and nasal passages. To achieve a therapeutic effect, you need to undergo 5-7 sessions of the procedure.

YAMIK

To carry out this procedure, a special catheter is used, which is assembled from a pair of silicone balloons connected to each other by a metal probe. The doctor inserts this catheter deep into the nasal opening and directly pumps out pus and mucus.

Usually the procedure is painless, as the doctor uses local anesthesia. After the session, the cavities are treated with an antiseptic.

Folk remedies for thinning nasal mucus

When medicines were not so common, folk remedies were used for rinsing. They are effective, but only in combination with classical drugs.

Various natural ingredients are used for irrigation against sinusitis:

How to rinse with eucalyptus

The plant contains a large amount of bioflavonoids, which have disinfectant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antimicrobial properties.

For irrigation, an alcohol tincture of eucalyptus is used, it can be bought at a pharmacy or prepared independently (10 grams of eucalyptus leaves are crushed and 200 ml of 70% alcohol is poured in, the liquid is infused for 2 weeks in a dark place). A tablespoon of tincture should be diluted in a glass of warm boiled water.

You can also prepare a decoction of eucalyptus. Take 2 tsp. leaves and pour 200 ml of hot water over them, boil in a water bath for several minutes. Then cool, strain and use without dilution. The broth can be stored for no longer than two days.

Is it possible to wash with sage?

This herb has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and restorative effects. A decoction of sage helps eliminate swelling and irritation of the mucous membrane. Such irrigations are not very comfortable at first because of the burning sensation, but after a few sessions it goes away.

The liquid is prepared as follows: pour 2 tablespoons of herbs into 200 ml of hot water, cover with a lid and leave until cool. After decanting, the decoction is ready for use; there is no need to dilute it further.

Washing with calendula

Another plant that has been used medicinally for many years. You can use fresh or dried calendula flowers to make irrigation fluid.

1 tablespoon of calendula flowers is poured with boiling water. The resulting liquid should be simmered in a water bath for 15 minutes, after which it should be allowed to stand for half an hour. When the broth has cooled, strain it well through cheesecloth.

One glass of decoction is enough for about 5-6 washes, this is how many approaches should be done per day.

How to rinse with celandine

This herb is very often used for flushing. To prepare a decoction of celandine, take a teaspoon of the herb and pour a glass of boiling water over it, let the liquid boil for 5-7 minutes. As soon as the broth has cooled a little, strain it.

The nose should be washed only with warm broth. The procedure must be carried out 3 times a day, the duration of the course of treatment is 5-7 days.

How to make a nasal rinse solution at home

Typically, nasal douche solutions are prepared with only water and salt. There are rules for their preparation that must be followed:

For rinsing, use sea salt or table salt without additives. It should not contain iodine, plant extracts, preservatives, or oils. All this can cause irritation.
The water must be clean, without impurities. It is better to take distilled, spring, mineral or melted water.
You can dissolve salt in cold and hot water, but you cannot heat it in the microwave - microwaves will change the structure of the salt.

It requires a liter of water and 100g of salt. The water is brought to a boil, cooled to 37 degrees and poured into a clean container. Add salt and stir until it is all dissolved. It must be used exactly one hour in advance, otherwise the properties of the mixture will be lost. The drug is contraindicated for vascular sclerosis, bleeding and a weak heart.

When making an isotonic solution, we adhere to the same rules as for hypertonic solution, but we take 9 g of salt per 1000 ml. This concentration is optimal. It is recommended to sterilize containers for preparation and storage with steam. It should be used within three days.

We adhere to all the rules mentioned above. The concentration of the hypotonic solution is 0.85% and below.

Hypotonic solutions can be prepared with furatsilin, aloe juices, Kalanchoe onions and beets.

Chamomile poison

When treating a runny nose, you can use not only pharmaceutical remedies, but also folk remedies that you prepare yourself. The most effective home remedies are:

Salt. It is considered the simplest and most frequently used remedy that quickly deals with snot. You will need to stir 1 tsp. sea salt in 250 ml of warm water. This solution is suitable for both adults and children, as well as pregnant women. Wash no more than three times during the day.
Chamomile. Chamomile decoction provides anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects. It fights germs well. To prepare the infusion you need to pour 1 tbsp. l. vegetable raw materials with a glass of boiling water, then infuse a little and strain. It can be used both for rinsing and drinking. The product is universal and suitable for everyone. With its help, you can treat a child’s runny nose at home. You can use the product several times a day. You can also gargle with it.
Lemon. Not everyone can rinse their nose with this product. People who have increased skin sensitivity should avoid it. To prepare, you will need to squeeze a little lemon juice and dilute it with water in a ratio of 1:3. After the procedure, the sinuses are lubricated with sea buckthorn or other moisturizing oil. Perform no more than once a day.
Beet. If rhinitis is in advanced form, you can rinse your nose with beet juice and honey. Squeeze the juice out of the grated beet pulp and add 0.5 tsp to it. honey and dilute with water in the following ratio: 2. Can be used 3 times a day. Can be used when a child has snot.
Salt with iodine. You need to prepare 250 water, add a couple of drops of iodine and 1 tsp. salt. Use no more than 3 times a day. A runny nose in children, the treatment of which should be more attentive, is better not to use such a solution.

Is it possible to rinse your nose after a piercing?

If traditional treatment of sinusitis does not produce results, the pus is too dense and does not come out even after drug treatment and rinsing, the patient is prescribed a puncture. The procedure is painless and is done under local anesthesia.

A puncture is a procedure during which the doctor punctures the wall of the maxillary sinus and mechanically pumps out pus from there. After this, the doctor injects saline into the sinus and tilts the patient’s head down so that the fluid and remaining pus come out of the nose naturally. After the procedure, an antibiotic or antiseptic is injected into the maxillary sinus.

For several days after the puncture, you should not go to the bathhouse or pool or swim. No liquid should get into your nose.

Irrigation is one of the standard recovery measures after puncture, but it is not always necessary. If the doctor nevertheless prescribed rinsing, they should be done no earlier than 48 hours after the intervention.

Recommendations for the treatment of sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, ethmoiditis.

The main tasks of the doctor and the patient in the treatment of diseases of the paranasal sinuses.

Reducing the inflammatory process in the sinuses (points 1, 2, 3).
Reducing swelling of the nasal mucosa and sinuses (points 1, 2, 3, 4).
Improving the outflow of inflammatory secretions from the sinuses (points 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8).
Reducing inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nasal cavity itself (points 1, 2, 5, 6, 7).
Decreased activity of the mucous glands in the sinuses (point 9).

The use of antibiotics for sinusitis.

Antibiotics are used to reduce the inflammatory process. Since the body, weakened by the disease, cannot cope with inflammation on its own, in these cases it is advisable to use antibiotics.

The list below includes drugs that have proven most effective in treating sinus inflammation. The choice of drug depends on the severity, stage of the disease, its price, and tolerability. For duration of use and age-specific dosage, see the instructions. Typically, an antibiotic is prescribed by a doctor for moderate to severe forms of the disease. The duration of use of the drug is at least 7 days.

Augmentin 625 mg, 2 times a day.
Flemoxin solutab (Gramox, Amoxil, Hiconcil) 125-250-500 mg, 2-3 times a day.
Macropen 1 t, 3 times a day.
Sporidex (cephalexin) 0.25 - 0.5 g, 3 - 4 times a day.
Tsifran 250 – 500 mg, 2 times a day.
Rovamycin for adults: 6–9 million IU, 2–3 times a day.
Vertsef 250 mg, 3 times a day.
Duracef 250 – 500 mg, 1 – 2 times a day.
Ampiox 0.25 - 0.5 g, 4 times a day.
Cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone 0.5 - 1 g, 2 times a day, intramuscularly.

Or other. The dosage depends on the age and severity of the disease.

Sulfanilamide drugs for sinusitis.

In severe cases of the disease, it is advisable to use sulfonamide drugs together with an antibiotic. Sulfonamides can be used independently without an antibiotic for milder cases of the disease or if you cannot tolerate antibiotics. The drug can be prescribed by a doctor or used independently. See instructions for age dosage.

Biseptol 120 – 240 – 480 – 960, 2 times a day, 7 -10 days.
Sulfadimethoxine 1–2 g in the 1st dose, in the following days 0.5–1 g, 1 time per day, 7–10 days.
Etazol 1 g, 4 – 6 times a day, 7 – 10 days.

Other auxiliary drugs for diseases of the sinuses.

These drugs are used to eliminate individual symptoms of the inflammatory process: Coldact, Zestra, Coldy, Effect, Orinol, Flucold, Coldrex, Fervex, Pharmacitron and many others (used according to instructions). These drugs reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa. Can be used for severely difficult nasal breathing, especially in the first days of the disease. One drug from the list is used.

Suprastin, loratadine, diphenhydramine, diazolin, tavegil, fenkarol.

Drugs that reduce swelling of the mucous membrane, some enhance the effect of antibiotics: Bronchoclar, Fluditec, bromhexine, ACC-long, ambroxol. Drugs in this group should be prescribed by a doctor. One drug from the list is used for 6 – 8 – 10 days.

These drugs thin out the thick purulent secretion and facilitate its easier release from the sinuses: Cinnabsin, Sinupret (use according to instructions). Can be used if there is thick, yellow-green discharge. One drug from the list is used, it must be used. Cinnabsin, sinupret are drugs with herbal components that help thin the thick secretions in the sinuses, reduce swelling and inflammation of the mucous membrane.

Sinusine is a homeopathic drug that is suitable for complex treatment; it helps reduce inflammation, swelling, and pain in the sinuses.

Solpadeine, citramon extra, dolaren, oxalgin, nimide and many similar ones are used for pain, some have a general anti-inflammatory effect.

Self-drainage of the paranasal sinuses.

Due to the difference in negative pressure you create in the nasal cavity, the contents of the sinuses can exit into the nasal cavity. To improve the release of this content and reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa, vasoconstrictor drugs are first used.

Place 2 - 3 - 4 drops into the nose or insert wicks for 1-2-3-4 minutes, soaked in vasoconstrictor drops, for example naphthyzin - 0.05% - 0.1% solution (or farmazolin, xylometazoline, sanorin, galazolin , vibrocil, tizin, Nazivin, etc.). Or spray an aerosol nok-spray, nazol, into your nose. A wick, in this case, is a match with tightly wound cotton wool. Wet the wick in a glass bottle with naphthysine, squeeze it on the edges of the bottle so that there is a little solution and insert it into the nasal cavity. It is necessary to insert slowly, carefully moving up, down, into the depth and back up to 5 - 8 times, then leave in the nasal cavity at the depth of half a match, after a minute repeat the massage movements, and again leave motionless for 1 minute, after the 3rd minute for another Repeat the massage movements once and remove (for children, hold for 1 - 2 minutes).

After 10 - 15 minutes, alternately blow (“blow”) each half of your nose separately, then close your nose with your fingers and try very hard, as if to draw in air through your closed nose. The mouth should also be closed. If sinusitis, for example, is right-sided, then during the procedure you need to tilt your head horizontally to the left shoulder and vice versa (it’s even better to do this while lying on your side). This is done up to 10 times for each side in turn.

After using vasoconstrictor drugs followed by “blowing your nose,” it is advisable to rinse the nasal cavity.

Rinsing the nasal cavity.

You must first carefully empty your nose of the contents one half at a time and immediately begin rinsing. Rinsing is very effective in freeing the nose from accumulated discharge from the sinuses and restoring the functions of the mucous membrane.

Choose a convenient option for yourself:

Option No. 1: insert the tip of the syringe into one half of the nose to a depth of approximately 1 cm and point perpendicular to the face. The head should be tilted forward 45 degrees. Pour in small portions, gradually increasing the strength of the stream; after 3-5 times, clean your nose, one half at a time, and continue to rinse again.

Do not direct the first portions of the solution to the bridge of the nose - a short-term burning sensation may occur due to the solution entering the upper parts of the nose, where the sensitive, olfactory area is located.

Option for rinsing the nose No. 2: through a tube with a diameter of 5-10 mm and a length of 15-20 cm, draw in the liquid through your nose and spit, head position is as in option No. 1.

Option No. 3: pour the solution into your palm and pull it in with your nose, position your head as in option No. 1.

Wash solutions (choose two from the list and alternate them throughout the day):

Sea salt 1 - 1\2 teaspoons per 1 glass of boiled water.
Elekasol, herbal collection, prepare according to instructions, dilute in half.
Rotocan, phytodent, rekutan (herbal concentrates, dilute 1 - 1/2 teaspoon in 1 cup of water).
Green tea, steep for 15-20 minutes.
Infusion of St. John's wort, infusion of calendula, infusion of black currant leaves, infusion of string. Infusions are usually prepared at a rate of 20.0: 200 ml (1 tablespoon of dry crushed plant per 1 glass of boiling water). Leave for 15 - 30 minutes.
Chamomile decoction, you can add 1 tbsp to the decoction. spoon of honey for 1 glass of broth. Oak bark decoction. To prepare a decoction, these medicinal plants are poured with raw water for 1-2 hours, and then boiled over low heat for 20-30 minutes, gradually stirring. Decoctions are prepared in a ratio of 1:10. Infusions and decoctions are perishable dosage forms, so it is advisable to prepare them daily. They can be stored for no more than 2-3 days in a cool place.
Furacilin. Potassium permanganate (pink). Decamethoxin (decasan, aqueous solution). Mineral water (any, without gas). Mumiyo 1 gram diluted in 0.5 liters of boiled water.

Amount of solution per wash: from 100 to 250 ml. Solution temperature: 38-40 degrees. Number of washes per day: from 2 to 4 times. The procedures are performed within 7 - 10 - 14 days. The choice of solution depends on individual tolerance, availability in the pharmacy, and at home. It is advisable to alternate the sea salt solution during the day with any of the listed medications.

Injecting medications into the nose and sinuses.

Immediately after drainage (or rinsing), lie on your back, tilt your head back and slightly to the side, towards the diseased maxillary sinus. Then, drop 10 to 30 drops of medicine into one half of the nose (on the sore side) (one from the list): furatsilin, dioxidin, microcide, ectericide, etonium, iodinol (for a child, this drug should be diluted two or three times with boiled water), potassium permanganate (pink), decamethoxin (aqueous solution). These are antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory drugs.

After 2-3 minutes, close the half of your nose opposite to the infusion with your finger and take several strong inhalations and exhalations with half of your nose with the medicine, then lie quietly for 5 minutes, straighten your head and place it on your side on the painful side. In case of a bilateral process, repeat everything for the other maxillary sinus.

After 10 - 15 minutes, irrigate the nasal cavity with one of the aerosols:

bioparox, ingalipt, kameton, camphomen, Dr. Theis nasal aerosol (multicomponent, anti-inflammatory aerosols),
euphorbium compositum (complex, homeopathic preparation, used for all forms of rhinitis and inflammation of the paranasal sinuses),
sinuforte (a very strong irritant of the mucous glands, promotes more efficient discharge of thick contents from the sinuses).

Instead of an aerosol, you can insert wicks with one of the drugs into your nose for 10-20-30 minutes:

pinosol (a preparation made from herbal ingredients, it works more effectively on wicks than in the form of drops),
boromenthol (anti-inflammatory ointment),
ioddicerin (an antimicrobial drug, children need to be diluted with glycerol 1:2).

The choice of these ready-made pharmaceutical drugs may be due to the desire or habit of using ready-made drugs and lack of free time, if you are sick but have to work, and such situations are not uncommon.

If you prefer to use traditional medicine, you can prepare and insert wicks with the following mixtures into your nose for 10-20-30 minutes:

Mixture No. 1 - 1/2 teaspoon each of laundry soap, honey and butter, mix and dissolve in a water bath, then add 1/2 teaspoon each. onion juice, alcohol and mix again. This mixture irritates the mucous glands, which promotes better release of thick contents from the sinuses. It is advisable to use during the first 3-4-5 days of treatment, in the presence of thick, yellow-green discharge, and then switch to mixture No. 2 or No. 3.

Mixture No. 2 - 1 teaspoon of honey + 1 teaspoon of egg white +1 teaspoon of aloe juice + 1/2 teaspoon of onion juice, mix everything, store in the refrigerator for no more than 4 days. This mixture can be used independently, or after mixture No. 1. Warm before use.

Mixture No. 3 - mix red beet juice, carrot juice, onion juice, aloe juice and honey in equal parts, store in the refrigerator for up to 5 days, then cook again. Can be used independently, or after mixture No. 1. Warm before use.

Mixture No. 4 - mix 1 tsp. juice of aloe, colanchoe, cyclamen, onion, 1 tbsp. honey and Vishnevsky ointment. Insert swabs into the nose for 20 - 30 minutes, 2 times a day. This mixture is best used for chronic sinusitis and lasting at least 20 days.

Here is a homemade recipe with pharmaceutical ingredients (www.gaimorit.narod.ru):

Dimexide 1 bottle.
Chlorophyllipt oil solution, 20 ml, 2 fl.
Penicillin 4 bottles.
Aloe.

Method of treatment: mix a quarter of a bottle of dimexide, half a bottle of chlorophyllipt, one penicillin, aloe juice (the same amount as chlorophyllipt taken) in one bowl. The result will be a green solution. Make two ropes from the bandage, not long (4-5 cm) and one rectangle measuring 5X3. Twice a day, dip the tourniquets into the solution, stick them into your nose, and also dip a rectangle of bandage and apply it to your forehead where it meets the bridge of your nose, then lie down on a flat place (bed) and lie there for 15 minutes. Of course, each time it is necessary to make new tourniquets and a rectangle; the solution should be renewed every 3 to 4 days, due to the decrease in the activity of penicillin. For ten days, do this twice a day.

A 10-day course of antibiotics is also required. Antibiotics prevent inflammatory processes occurring in the nose.

Plus, rinse your nose several times a day (point No. 5 “Rinse the nose” above) with a solution of honey and aloe in warm water. It is necessary to pour the warm solution into one nostril and try to pour it out through the other or through the throat. After 5 days, pus will come out along with the solution.

My opinion as a doctor about this recipe is that it is logical, but should only be used in older children and adults. The solution should be renewed every 2 - 3 days, due to the decrease in the activity of penicillin, and should be stored in the refrigerator, and the flagella with the solution should be heated before use.

Compresses for the paranasal sinuses.

(preferably used after point No. 6)

Compress with black radish juice. Gauze or bandage in 5-6 layers, measuring 2 by 2 cm or 3 by 3 cm or 4 by 4 cm, (small size for children), moisten with black radish juice and slightly warmed vegetable oil, place it on one or both maxillary (or frontal, if there is frontal sinusitis) sinuses. Cover with plastic wrap and place bags of heated coarse salt on top. Children for 30-40 minutes, adults for 1 hour, 1-2 times a day.

Compress with dimexide. It is used for pain in the sinuses and when x-rays of the paranasal sinuses reveal highly thickened mucous membranes or polyps in the sinuses and nose. Moisten 5 - 6 layers of gauze or bandage (size indicated above) with a warm solution of dimexide diluted 1:3 or 1:4 in water or furatsilin. For example, add 3 or 4 ml of water to 1 ml of dimexide; the dilution depends on the sensitivity of the skin and the age of the patient; you can also add 0.5 ml of hydrocortisone suspension. Place on the maxillary or frontal sinuses, cover with plastic wrap and cloth or cotton wool on top. Keep for children - 30 - 40 minutes, for adults - 1 hour, 1-2-3 times a day (the amount depends on the tolerance of the compress and the presence of pain).

Compress with propolis and honey. After this compress, the contents of the sinuses are better released. Grind or grind the propolis, mix with thick honey (1 teaspoon of each), place it in the form of a cake over the maxillary sinus and cover with an adhesive plaster. The compress is applied before going to bed for the whole night. In the morning, remove and remove traces of the adhesive plaster with alcohol.

Warming up the paranasal sinuses.

(can be used after point No. 6)

Dry heat can be alternated with compresses, or used independently. Do not apply heat if there is severe pain in the sinus area. Do not steam, breathe hot steam, or use any other moist heat.

The area of the maxillary or frontal sinuses can be heated with dry heat in the form of bags of heated coarse rock or sea salt, heated hot rollers, a boiled chicken egg, or potatoes. But the best option for warming up the nose is the Minin Reflector (blue medical lamp). When heated with a blue lamp, the heating of the internal surfaces of the sinuses improves (since the lamp shines through the skin), the likelihood of swelling and worsening of the general condition of the disease decreases. Warm-up duration is 15-20-30 minutes (15 minutes for children). During the day - 1-2-3 times.

Reducing the formation of secretions in the nasal cavity and sinuses.

Yarrow and St. John's wort help reduce the formation of mucus in the mucous glands of the mucous membrane.
If there is excessive mucous, serous or purulent discharge from the nose, you can take a hot infusion of yarrow or St. John's wort orally, according to ? - 3/4 cup, 2-3 times a day, for 7-14 days.
Preparation of infusion: 1 tablespoon of dry, crushed plant per 1 glass of boiling water, leave for 15-20 minutes, filter.

Hot or mustard high foot baths.

20 - 30 - 40 minutes, 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 days.

Breathing exercises for the nose.

Close one half of your nose with your finger and take a sharp breath with the free half of your nose, exhale through your mouth. Repeat 8 times, then also sharply inhale 8 times with the other half of the nose, return to the opposite half again and inhale 8 times, and repeat 8 times for each half. During the day 8 times and 8 days in a row. Repeat the exercises as needed. Helps improve sinus aeration.

Contraindications for washing the maxillary sinuses, precautions

Before the procedure, you must visit an otolaryngologist. He will conduct an initial examination, collect anamnesis and prescribe a series of tests. Only by understanding the overall picture will he be able to say whether a particular patient can undergo rinsing or whether this procedure is contraindicated for him.

In some cases, washing the maxillary sinuses can only worsen the patient's condition. Main contraindications to the procedure:

the patient cannot breathe through his nose at all;
the disease is in the acute stage;
there is a high risk of developing nosebleeds;
the patient has polyps in the nasopharynx;
otitis (if there is a risk of developing otitis, then rinsing should also not be done);
severe swelling of the maxillary sinus mucosa, which cannot be eliminated even with special medications;
pathology deformation of the intranasal septum;
violation of the swallowing process;
epilepsy;
weakened immune system.

In these cases, irrigation procedures cannot be carried out.

Contraindications and side effects

Before you start taking the drug, you should read the instructions to see if you have any contraindications to it. The latter include:

intolerance to Metronidazole components. People who are sensitive to them may experience an allergic reaction and increased side effects such as headaches, abdominal cramps, and loose stools;
history of leukopenia;
diseases of the central nervous system, which can be aggravated by taking the drug. In particular - epilepsy;
liver and kidney diseases, for which this drug should not be taken in large doses;
the first trimester of pregnancy, during which it is not recommended to take this drug even in cases where there are vital indications. At this time, you can find less dangerous methods that destroy bacteria without harming the fetus;
infancy, doctors do not recommend prescribing Metronidazole to infants under 12 months without special need;
Its use is prohibited during lactation.

Contraindications for this drug are not very strict. If the expectant mother, not knowing about the pregnancy, took medicine in the first trimester, then doctors recommend not to panic. You just need to stop taking it immediately after pregnancy is discovered. The drug will be eliminated from the body over time; short-term exposure of the active substance to the fetus will not adversely affect its subsequent development.

Possible consequences of rinsing

Many doctors are skeptical about rinsing as a method of treating sinusitis. Some consider them ineffective and even dangerous for the patient's condition. This opinion is based on several facts:

During rinsing, liquid can enter other parts of the skull, which will provoke the spread of bacteria and the inflammatory process.
Frequent rinsing provokes further exacerbations of sinusitis.
When rinsing, not only pus, but also mucus is washed out of the sinuses. It is necessary to humidify the inhaled air and bind inhaled dust. Mucus also has antiseptic properties. In its absence, the maxillary sinuses become more vulnerable.
Washing only irritates the mucous membrane. Because of this, it becomes even more inflamed.

This is why some otolaryngologists do not prescribe lavages to their patients and adhere to conservative treatment methods.

Which pills are best for adults to take?

Most often, adults are prescribed antibiotics for sinusitis in tablets. The tablet form is easy to use and has good bioavailability.

In most cases, tablets quickly cope with developing bacterial sinusitis.

Among the penicillin antibiotics, Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Flemoxin Solutab and Amoxiclav are used. Azithromycin and Clarithromycin are used among macrolides.

Amoxiclav

The drug belongs to the group of beta-lactam antibiotics of the penicillin series. The active ingredients are amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Amoxicillin has a broad spectrum of action against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Clavulanic acid inactivates beta-lactamases in penicillin-resistant bacteria. Amoxiclav for sinusitis quickly eliminates the symptoms of bacterial activity. Available in tablets of 250/125 mg, 500/125 mg, 875/125 mg.

Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is prescribed less frequently for sinusitis, as it is produced without the auxiliary component clavulanic acid, which enhances the effect of the antibiotic. Taken for uncomplicated forms of the disease. The drug is active against streptococci, staphylococci, and gram-negative aerobes. Available in tablets of 250, 500 and 1000 mg. Dosages and duration of treatment are selected by the doctor.

Flemoxin Solutab

Flemoxin Solutab can be prescribed for sinusitis, since the special form of release has advantages over other analogues. The active ingredient is amoxicillin trihydrate. The dispersible form of the antibiotic allows you to take the medicine without drinking water. Soluble tablets are available in doses of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg. An analogue with clavulanic acid is Flemoklav Solutab.

Suprax

Suprax for sinusitis is effectively used in complicated cases. The active substance is cefixime. Refers to third generation cephalosporins. The drug is easy to use, as it is taken orally, once a day. One capsule contains 400 mg of cefixime.

The duration of therapy is 1 – 1.5 weeks. The medicine is well tolerated. In rare cases, allergic reactions, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system and hematopoietic organs are possible.

Augmentin

Augmentin for sinusitis is a first-line drug. The medication contains clavulanic acid and amoxicillin. Augmentin belongs to the pharmacological group of penicillins of semi-synthetic origin. It has a wide spectrum of action, so it is used in advanced situations.

Available doses: 250/125 mg, 500/125 mg, 875/125 mg, 1000/62 mg. The first number corresponds to the amount of amoxicillin, the second - clavulanic acid. The duration of treatment lasts from 5 to 14 days, depending on the patient’s condition and the severity of the disease. Augmentin is usually well tolerated.

Klacid

Klacid for sinusitis is prescribed less often than other analogues. It is not a drug of choice, but is used in advanced cases. The active substance, clarithromycin, quickly penetrates into the sites of bacterial damage and creates a high concentration there. As a result, the disease recedes quickly. The antibiotic belongs to the pharmacological group of macrolides. Taken in a dosage of 250 – 500 mg, 2 times a day. The duration of therapy ranges from 5 to 14 days, depending on the doctor’s prescription. May cause gastrointestinal side effects.

Biseptol

Biseptol for sinusitis is prescribed to quickly prevent the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms. In most cases it is well tolerated, therefore it is used in the treatment of sinusitis. It contains two active ingredients: sulfomethoxazole and trimethoprim.

The mechanism of action of the substances is to disrupt the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid, without which bacteria cannot survive. Sulfomethoxazole has a bactericidal effect, and trimethoprim enhances it. The antibiotic has a wide spectrum of action. Available in tablets of 120 and 480 mg. Duration of treatment is up to two weeks.

Metronidazole

Metronidazole for sinusitis is prescribed when purulent discharge appears from the sinuses. An otolaryngologist may prescribe antibiotic treatment for sinusitis to remove bacterial complications and signs of inflammation. Metronidazole is active against some gram-positive microorganisms.

Metronidazole is not a first choice drug, as it predominantly affects protozoan microorganisms that rarely cause bacterial sinusitis.

The antibiotic is available in doses of 250 and 500 mg. It has antimicrobial and antiprotozoal properties. Metronidazole may enhance the effect of other antibiotics and is not active against aerobes.