Blood from the throat when expectorating - causes, diagnosis, treatment

Cases of bleeding

Blood in saliva is often mixed in the area of the back of the throat where the tonsils are located. There are many reasons that cause bleeding from the throat; common disorders include the following:

advanced stage of angina, when tissue necrosis or leukemia begins,
retropharyngeal abscess,
arrosion,
paratonsillar infiltrate at a late stage,
aneurysm of large vessels,
oncology.

The main factor in bleeding is trauma or chemical exposure to tissues and internal organs. There are a number of places where pathology can be localized:

nasal compartment - anterior and posterior,
veins in the digestive tract, especially if there are varicose veins,
organs of the respiratory system - trachea, bronchi, lungs.

If a person sees blood in his saliva, there is no need to panic; it is more important to make an appointment with a good specialist. Only an experienced doctor will tell you exactly the reasons for the bleeding that occurred, after some examinations and tests. Only on the basis of research, the collected medical history and personal examination can doctors make recommendations to compensate for blood loss if necessary.

Pathologies of gums and dental tissue

In such cases, the discharge usually has a burgundy or reddish-brown tint. If you suspect one of these ailments, you should contact your dentist. You may need to undergo a tooth extraction procedure. In the presence of infectious pathologies, the specialist prescribes medications from the group of antibiotics.

Who should I contact?

How do you know which doctor to go to? A person can independently guess where the throat is bleeding, but only by his own feelings:

teeth or gums hurt,
I recently had a burn
mechanical effect on the back wall of the pharynx.

If the problem concerns the teeth, an immediate trip to the dentist is required; a specialist will remove the diseased tooth before the disease begins to progress.
The main cause is often gingivitis. Once a qualified professional takes care of the problem, the metallic taste will quickly disappear. If sleep is disturbed or breathing becomes difficult at night, then you should definitely visit an otolaryngologist; the doctor will check your ears, nose and throat. If there is an infection, the blood from the saliva will disappear after a course of antibiotics.

No doctor would recommend self-medication; such an approach to the problem often causes more complications.

What diseases cause blood to come out of the throat: who to contact, what to do

In most people, blood from the throat is released due to pathology of the nasopharynx and does not pose a threat to health. But there is a severe pathology of different organs with the same symptom.

Which doctor should you contact when you feel a metallic taste in your mouth? What should you do if your throat is bleeding?

Causes of the disease

Bleeding from the throat occurs due to many reasons related not only to the ENT organs, but also to the pathology of other body systems. Common diseases of the heart and lungs that cause blood to be coughed up from the throat:

Pulmonary tuberculosis in the open form, when there are cavities, is manifested by a clear sign - hemoptysis, severe sweating, low-grade fever.
Lobar pneumonia is accompanied by increased permeability of blood vessels. As a result, red blood cells (erythrocytes) sweat into the alveoli. Thus, when coughing, blood is released from the throat in the form of rust-colored phlegm. Severe pneumonia most often affects older people due to late consultation with a doctor or improper treatment.
Lung cancer destroys not only tissue, but also blood vessels. When they burst, blood pours into the alveoli, from where it passes into the bronchi and is then coughed up.

By the way! The development of malignant tumors in the lungs is provoked, first of all, by smoking.

Viral and bacterial infections are the most common causes of bleeding in the mouth. Sometimes a sore throat can be accompanied by bleeding tonsils. Pneumococci, destroying lymphoid tissue, also damage blood vessels. Bleeding from the inflamed tonsils is provoked by severe coughing, crying, screaming.
Hemoptysis occurs with bronchiectasis. A sign of the disease is dilated areas of the bronchi filled with purulent contents, which causes severe coughing. Just during one of the episodes of intense coughing, capillaries burst, which is the cause of blood in the throat.
Mitral valve stenosis occurs with shortness of breath, increased weakness, and heart failure. Hemoptysis is characteristic of this disease. Vein rupture occurs when pressure increases in the pulmonary circulation - in the pulmonary system. Pulmonary hypertension can be provoked by pregnancy or incorrect doctor’s tactics with minor expectoration of blood. The administration of Strophanthin leads to overload of the pulmonary veins with their rupture. The resulting pulmonary edema ends in death.
Pulmonary embolism occurs acutely with sharp chest pain, rapid breathing, and tachycardia. If blood appears in the throat, the patient needs emergency help.
A lung abscess is characterized by cough, low-grade fever, and sweating. During the disease, tissues and capillaries are destroyed.
An aortic aneurysm leads to bleeding when the wall is partially or completely ruptured.
Aspergillus infection occurs less frequently than cancer, but is more likely to cause bleeding from the throat.
Bronchitis is manifested by a constant cough, shortness of breath with physical effort. The sputum is initially mucous, but over time a bacterial infection develops. The secretion becomes yellow with streaks of blood. Rupture of the bronchial capillaries occurs with a strong cough, but goes away on its own within a few minutes.
Pulmonary infarction is an acute condition that occurs with severe shortness of breath, hemoptysis, and chest pain. Death occurs due to large blood loss.

Sometimes the capillaries of the respiratory system burst due to overstrain of their walls during intense coughing.

Other causes of hemoptysis

Attention! People sometimes confuse pathology of the digestive system with the appearance of blood from the throat. Gastric bleeding is typical for cancer and peptic ulcers. As it accumulates, it provokes the appearance of blood from the throat when coughing without coughing.

Parasitic infections also occur with the appearance of blood during coughing. As a rule, helminths infect the lung tissue. Bleeding in the throat can occur with echinococcosis and amoebiasis.

Blood in the mouth appears due to dental diseases - gingivitis, periodontitis, stomatitis. Inflammation of the gums leaves a metallic taste in the mouth when using a toothbrush.

The taste of blood in the throat appears when there is a lack of ascorbic acid, when the permeability of blood vessels increases.

The appearance of blood from the throat in the morning indicates pharyngitis, adenoids, and sinusitis. During inflammation, blood appears in the throat if there are provoking factors - increased vascular permeability, dryness of the pharyngeal walls.

Mechanical damage

Blood discharge from the throat is observed as a result of careless bronchoscopy of the ENT organs. After tonsillectomy or dental surgery, bruising is sometimes observed in the throat.

A fish bone or hard food can damage the pharynx. Injury to the throat by foreign bodies occurs mainly in children due to the habit of trying objects on the tooth. In children, hemoptysis is also caused by inhalation of foreign bodies.

When the lungs are injured, scarlet blood is released from the throat and shortness of breath occurs. This reduces blood pressure. Pneumothorax develops.

Important! Without emergency assistance, a dangerous condition can result in death.

Chemical damage

The appearance of blood in the sputum can cause chemical burns of the pharynx. This occurs when children accidentally ingest toxic substances. In adults, this occurs when attempting suicide. The poisonous components are caustic soda, acetic acid or ammonia.

Important! The most severe damage is caused by nitric acid. If the patient does not die in the first days, swelling of the throat with shortness of breath and vomiting of mucus mixed with blood develops.

The larynx and pharynx are mainly affected. Under the influence of toxic substances, the structure of the walls of the respiratory tract is disrupted. The mucous membranes are covered with a gray fibrinous coating.

The bottlenecks most susceptible to destruction are the transition from the throat to the esophagus. Tissue inflammation spreads deep and along the pharynx. The degree of damage is related to the concentration of the substance and the duration of exposure.

Burns

Thermal burns to the throat can occur when gargling incorrectly and using water that is too hot. Irritation of the mucous membranes occurs when swallowing boiling water. Burns to the respiratory tract occur during a fire when inhaling hot air and carbon monoxide.

When it's dangerous

If blood appears frequently in your throat, you should not hesitate to visit a therapist. Gradual loss of blood leads to the development of anemia.

The examination sometimes reveals tuberculosis or cancer. A timely diagnosis will relieve complications and ease the course of the disease.

The most dangerous thing is heavy bleeding from the throat. It is caused only by severe acute diseases. In these cases, you just need to call an ambulance.

First aid

If there is nosebleed, the patient should be seated. Slightly tilting your head back, tamponade the nasal passages with a gauze tourniquet lubricated with Vaseline. Place a bottle of cold water on the bridge of your nose.

Attention! If you suspect gastric bleeding, you should immediately call emergency help. Before the doctors arrive, the patient can be given ice cubes and a heating pad with cold water placed on the stomach. These measures reduce bleeding.

Which doctor should I contact?

If there is periodic bleeding in the throat, you should visit a therapist. After the tests, the doctor will refer the person to a specialized specialist. Some people need consultation with a TB doctor, pulmonologist, or oncologist. Doctors conduct examinations of organs using modern techniques.

If you are sure that the cause of blood in the throat lies in the nasopharynx, you should consult an otolaryngologist. If you experience a taste of blood or an unpleasant odor in your mouth, you should visit your dentist.

If bleeding occurs suddenly, you should not hesitate to call an ambulance. Most likely, it is caused by a dangerous life-threatening disease.

Diagnostics

An ENT doctor, based on anamnesis and examination of the nasopharynx, can determine the cause of blood in the throat.

If the therapist excludes pathology of the ENT organs, he refers the patient to a pulmonologist, phthisiatrician or cardiac surgeon. In such cases, specialists conduct an extensive study according to the disease profile:

radiography of the lungs in 2 projections;
examination of sputum or bronchial washings for microscopy and culture;
CT (computed tomography) of the chest;
bronchoscopy;
biopsy of the affected organ;
angiopulmonography;
scanning of the veins of the lower extremities is required for pulmonary embolism;
Echocardiogram;
fibrogastroesophagoduodenoscopy;
electrocardiogram (ECG).

Laboratory blood diagnostics are performed for general analysis, prothrombin time, and coagulogram. To detect tuberculosis, a Mantoux reaction test is performed.

Treatment

If you cough up blood from your throat, treatment is carried out according to the cause of the disease:

For bronchitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, anti-cough and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.
Lobar pneumonia caused by pneumococcus is successfully treated by doctors with antibiotics.
Patients with cancer undergo chemotherapy.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be treated with antibiotics for several months. Sometimes they resort to surgery.

After poisoning with acids, dilute alkalis are used - soda solution, a mixture of magnesium oxide, mucous decoctions, milk. To reduce pain, take small pieces of ice.

If severe swelling of the larynx occurs, inhalation of penicillin with ephedrine or adrenaline is used. If these measures are unsuccessful, doctors perform an emergency dissection of the ligament - a tracheotomy.

In childhood, blood in the throat appears with advanced diseases of the nasopharynx. In adults, this can also be a sign of a dangerous disease.

If bleeding occurs, you just need to immediately contact a doctor and not interrupt the prescribed course of treatment. The most dangerous decision for yourself is to try to stop bleeding using traditional methods without consulting a specialist.

Source: https://lorgid.ru/gorlo/simptomi-v-gorle/krov-pri-otharkivanii

Causes of blood in the throat

Doctors can briefly divide the factors influencing the appearance of throat bleeding into the following groups:

chemical damage,
burns,
scratches in the throat area,
diseases of the digestive system,
respiratory tract diseases,
cancerous tumors,
vascular pathologies.

When patients present with such an alarming symptom as bleeding from the throat, the following diseases are usually identified:

Bronchitis - there is a minimum of blood in the saliva, often only bloody streaks and pus.
Tuberculosis – accompanied by general malaise, prolonged cough and increased sweating at night.
Parasitic lung injury.
Fungal infection of lung tissue.
Pneumonia.
Pulmonary abscess.
Ulcerative tonsillitis is a lesion of the tonsils.
Lung cancer or tumor in the larynx.

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels fall into a separate category. Blood in saliva is rarely present, but the disorder often accompanies the following list of diseases:

coarctation of the aorta,
increased fragility of blood vessels,
pulmonary edema,
pulmonary hypertension,
thromboembolism of an artery in the lung.

causes, possible diseases, treatment methods, prevention

Bleeding from the nasopharynx is a symptom that can occur under the influence of various factors. This sign provokes fear in a person. However, it does not always mean the presence of dangerous pathologies. Of course, there are cases when there is bleeding from the throat for reasons related to serious illnesses and injuries. But sometimes the symptom is explained by a sore throat or an inflammatory process in the gums.

The main factors causing the appearance of the symptom

Bleeding from the throat may be accompanied by coughing and expectoration of mucus. However, sometimes only this symptom is observed. In any case, if it occurs, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. This condition often signals the presence of health problems. The person who encountered it must undergo examination. What pathologies can provoke the symptom? There may be bleeding from the throat for the following reasons:

Diseases of the respiratory system.
Mechanical damage, burns.
Pathologies of the digestive organs.
Inflammatory processes in the tonsils.
Problems with gums.

Typically, bleeding does not occur suddenly. But if there is a stomach ulcer, the symptom may appear unexpectedly. Sometimes this sign indicates mechanical damage. They occur during coughing, loud screaming, injury, or foreign objects entering the throat. If there is bleeding from the throat for reasons related to injuries, the person needs urgent medical attention.

Burns from chemical compounds

The tissues of the pharynx and larynx can be damaged as a result of exposure to acids, undiluted alcohol, and alkalis. The severity of a given injury is determined by the duration of the substance's effect on the airway. The more severe the pathology, the more difficult its treatment will be. In some cases, burns caused by compounds such as acid or alkali damage not only the pharynx and larynx, but also the esophagus. Sometimes there is bleeding from the nose and throat due to the careless use of ammonia as a method of assistance. The symptom appears due to a violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes.

Impact of physical factors

Bleeding from the throat occurs as a result of injuries.

Mechanical damage occurs due to careless handling of the fork, penetration of foreign objects into the respiratory system (for example, when swallowing bones). The cause of the symptom may be wounds (punctures, cuts, gunshots). External injuries pose a more serious threat to the patient's life than internal ones. They are associated with intense blood loss. In addition, injuries are often accompanied by injuries to the cervical vertebrae.

Burns

This pathology is explained by exposure to high temperatures. Bleeding from the throat due to reasons related to drinking hot food or drinks is considered quite common. Burns contribute to the destruction of the integrity of the tissues of the larynx, pharynx, and oral cavity. Sometimes they spread to the area of the esophagus and trachea. In such cases, the consequences of such injuries are very serious. If boiling water has penetrated the mucous membranes of the respiratory system and bubbles appear in the oral cavity, the person needs urgent medical attention. Applying alcohol to blisters is strictly prohibited. Minor injuries heal on their own.

Bleeding from the nasal cavity

This reason is also quite common. The symptom can be triggered by various pathologies.

However, it does not pose a threat to the patient's life. If there is bleeding in the throat, the causes of no cough include small clots getting from the nasal cavity into the throat. This sign causes fear in a person. However, when it appears, you should remain calm. The main thing is to go to a medical facility in time, undergo diagnostics and establish the cause that provokes the symptom.

Pathologies of gums and dental tissue

It is possible to identify such ailments even without the help of a specialist. They are accompanied by a characteristic external sign - the appearance of blood fragments in the salivary fluid. This happens during the process of brushing your teeth. With advanced inflammatory processes, a symptom can occur without any influence. If there is bleeding in the throat, the causes without a cough are often gingivitis and pathologies of dental tissue. In such cases, the discharge usually has a burgundy or reddish-brown tint. If you suspect one of these ailments, you should contact your dentist. You may need to undergo a tooth extraction procedure. In the presence of infectious pathologies, the specialist prescribes medications from the group of antibiotics.

Inflammatory processes in the tonsils

Infections affecting the tonsils are accompanied by a feeling of dryness in the throat. Often such discomfort is experienced by patients forced to stay in stuffy rooms. Long and loud speech can provoke bleeding from the throat. The causes of the symptom may be necrotic changes in tissues that occur with tonsillitis, leukemia. In addition, improper use of drugs to treat tonsils often causes damage to the mucous membranes.

For example, during the rinsing procedure, some patients use iodine. Too much concentration of this substance injures the tonsils. As a result, blood flows from the tissues of the throat. If you have any pathologies, you should not exceed the recommended dose of the medication. And before using any remedy, it is better to consult a doctor.

Respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases

If blood comes from the throat when expectorating, the causes are often dysfunctions of the bronchi, trachea, lungs, stomach, and esophagus. Such conditions require timely consultation with a specialist, examination and therapy. These include:

Inflammatory process in the bronchi area. It is accompanied by a debilitating cough, the discharge of mucus clots with blood fragments. This kind of illness can be chronic or acute. In the second case, the symptom occurs more often. Tobacco use also causes bronchospasm. Therefore, in order to avoid such an unpleasant situation, it is better to give up the bad habit.
Tuberculosis. If a person is bleeding from the throat, the cause may be severe infectious processes. They are accompanied by copious discharge and a debilitating cough. Patients with tuberculosis require long-term therapy. The pathology is accompanied by serious complications. They also contribute to the occurrence of such a symptom as the discharge of red mucus.
A detached blood clot can cause excessive bleeding from the lower respiratory tract. The pathology can only be treated surgically. The result of therapy depends on how timely medical measures were carried out.
Formation of ulcers in the stomach or esophagus. The disease is accompanied by intense bleeding. The pathological process can only be stopped in a hospital setting.
Malignant neoplasms in the throat, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. They also provoke the passage of blood clots.

What to do first?

What to do if a symptom occurs? If a person has bleeding from the throat, the reasons that caused this symptom are difficult to establish for someone who is not a physician. However, before you call emergency services, there are some important details you should pay attention to. First, consider the shade of the discharge. They are light pink (when the blood comes out of the arteries) or scarlet (if it is venous). Secondly, you need to assess the intensity of the symptom. It should be remembered that weak discharge may intensify in the absence of medical care. Then there is a high probability of death. Before the specialist arrives, it is advisable to find out the details that preceded the onset of the symptom. We must remember what the patient ate and drank, where he was and what he was doing before the pathological process began. If there is bleeding from the throat, the causes in an adult are serious illnesses. In a child, this symptom is usually explained by physical overload or a cold.

Signs of dangerous conditions

Among the manifestations of pathologies that threaten the patient’s life, we can list:

Discharge of scarlet blood mixed with foam. The symptom indicates a serious pathological process in the lungs.
Fragments of a red hue with mucus or saliva are a sign of tuberculosis, severe myocardial disorders, and a heart attack.
Intense bleeding following injury. This pathological process is rapid and can be fatal.

First Aid Techniques

If blood is released profusely from the throat, the cause in an adult is often dangerous ailments of the respiratory system. The person needs immediate help. First of all, the patient should take a semi-sitting position. The patient needs to calm down. It is recommended to give him a small amount of ice.

This measure will help alleviate the condition. The patient is strictly prohibited from talking. If a symptom occurs, you should call emergency services. After the arrival of doctors, measures will be taken to stop the bleeding. Self-treatment at home is strictly prohibited. If the symptom was caused by an injury, you can apply a tight bandage to the neck area. It will stop tissue damage. A foreign object located in a person’s respiratory tract can only be removed by a doctor.

Diagnostic measures

After the patient is taken to the hospital, the following procedures must be carried out to determine the cause of the pathology:

Visual inspection. Used as the only diagnostic method if the damage or disease is visible to the naked eye.
Lab tests. Prescribed to clarify the cause of the disease. This is, for example, the determination of blood clotting.
Biopsy. Helps identify tumors in internal organs.
Ultrasound examinations.
Diagnosis using a laryngoscope.
X-ray of the respiratory system.

The treatment methods prescribed by the doctor depend on the results of the research. For example, for tonsillitis, drugs are prescribed to fight microbes. Patients with tuberculosis should take strong antibiotics. Mechanical damage to the respiratory system requires surgical intervention and treatment of tissues with disinfectant solutions. For cancer pathologies, surgery and chemotherapy are performed. Timely contact with a specialist gives a chance of cure for 85% of patients with malignant tumors.

Taste of blood in throat

This symptom occurs under the influence of various factors. They are not too serious and quite dangerous. If a person feels a taste of blood in the throat, the most common reasons are:

Mechanical damage to the oral cavity.
Intense cough.
Burns from hot food, liquids, chemical compounds.
The use of vitamin complexes and supplements that include iron, as well as antibiotics and allergy medications.
Gastrointestinal pathologies.

The taste of blood in the throat in the morning for reasons related to pathologies of the gums and oral mucosa is considered common. In addition, such a symptom may indicate the presence of an infectious process in the respiratory system (rhinitis, inflammation of the sinuses, neoplasms in the nasal cavity).

Serious myocardial dysfunction causes vascular fragility. They are accompanied by cough, heaviness and pain in the chest area. With such ailments, bleeding from the throat is possible in the first half of the day.

Briefly about the causes of blood from the throat

There are many reasons for throat bleeding; some changes in the functioning of systems or organs often provoke the appearance of such a complication:

Damage to the pharynx by acid or gas is a chemical factor.
Throat burn from boiling water or hot steam.
Cuts or scratches on the back of the throat.
A common cause of blood from the throat is rupture of capillaries during prolonged coughing during the cold season.
Peptic ulcer and other disorders of the digestive tract.
Respiratory diseases.

Bleeding from the nasal cavity

This reason is also quite common. The symptom can be triggered by various pathologies.

Regulations for the use of iodine

Any chemical substance must be used rationally, because seemingly harmless iodine, which is familiar to everyone, can cause blood from the throat, and ulcers form at the site of exposure. If you start treatment on time, it will take some time to recover, during which the damaged area will be very painful, and the patient will not be at home, but in a hospital.

Many people will be interested in how iodine gets into the throat; the medicinal composition is used only for external treatment, especially on the skin for abrasions and cuts. A traditional method of treating sore throat involves regularly lubricating the tonsils with iodine or rinsing with a solution based on this substance. Iodine is an antiseptic, but it is very easy to overdo it, then the delicate mucous membrane will be damaged and the tonsils will begin to bleed.

Diagnosis of the cause of hemoptysis

The presence of constant bleeding from the oral cavity should be an impetus for diagnosing the causes of the development of these disorders.

SENSATION! Follow the link:

4 groups of reasons for coughing up blood from the throat

Among the instrumental and laboratory research methods in this case, the most effective are:

Chest X-ray. With its help, the condition of the lungs and heart is assessed. If darkening is present, an abscess, cancer or embolism can be suspected.
CT scan. This procedure is used to assess the condition of the chest and abdominal organs layer by layer.
Study of secretions. An analysis is needed to detect specific components that are characteristic of a particular pathology.
General blood analysis. When deciphering, an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytosis, and a shift in the leukocyte formula to the left are observed.
Electrocardiography. Using this instrumental diagnostic method, pathologies of the heart and vascular system are detected.
Fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy. This procedure is done to analyze the condition of the gastrointestinal tract.

In some cases, the etiology of hemoptysis is not established when using several research methods. Therefore, they need to be repeated for ten days.

After making a diagnosis, the doctor begins to choose a treatment method. Early diagnosis allows the use of more conservative therapy, which has a significant positive effect on the patient’s health.

Bleeding during a thermal burn

During the cold season, people like to warm themselves with hot drinks. Often consequences arise from this - boiling water affects the mucous membrane and a burn occurs. It is easy to burn the larynx and pharynx; this problem occurs in both adults and children.

A complication is when the esophagus is burned. Under no circumstances should wounds be rinsed with alcohol, as the condition can only worsen. If the injury is minor, it often goes away on its own and no treatment is required.

And in the case when the pain does not subside over time, and it is no longer the superficial layers of tissues and muscles that are affected, this is a serious complication, you need to seek qualified medical help.

What diseases are accompanied by expectoration of blood?

Bloody discharge may appear due to certain diseases of the respiratory system, as well as the gastrointestinal tract. At the same time, it is quite difficult to determine exactly what the cause of their occurrence is.

Most often this symptom is observed when:

bronchitis;
pneumonia;
purulent processes in the lungs;
tuberculosis;
inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil;
growth of malignant formation.

Reference! Pneumonia is an inflammatory process that occurs in the lungs. It can spread to only one or two lungs at once. In later and more advanced stages, blood vessels begin to deteriorate in patients. When coughing, bloody sputum of brown or rusty color is released.

Reference! Lung rotting or abscess is one of the final stages of lung inflammation. In this case, red discharge with pus appears. Most often, this phenomenon is observed in the morning, since at night all the pus and fluid accumulates in the lungs, and after waking up it comes out with a cough.

Reference! Tuberculosis is one of the most common respiratory diseases in Russia and the CIS countries. This is due to a fairly low standard of living, as well as insufficient awareness of people about this disease. Many live with this disease, without knowing that they are carriers of the tuberculosis bacillus. In later stages of this disease, adult patients produce sputum that is pink or streaked with blood. Such sputum indicates the destruction of the blood vessels of the lungs.

Throat injury with a sharp object

This problem often occurs in young children at an early age, when they put any objects into their mouths. They can easily injure themselves, damage a vein, and then bleeding will begin.

First aid technique:

Call an ambulance.
Fix the person in one position so that the foreign object cannot cause further harm: injure tissue or enter the respiratory organs.

You should not try to get the object yourself; the right decision would be to wait for the doctor, the specialist will carefully remove the object, stop the bleeding from the throat, and sometimes the patient requires further treatment in a hospital.

If there is blood coming from your throat

Answers:

Lyudmila

Hemoptysis

(haemoptoe) is a symptom characterizing bleeding from the respiratory tract, which should not be confused with bloody sputum, stomach, nose, or throat bleeding. The cause of K. is always a rupture of small or large vessels, which is why the amount of ejaculated blood can vary from several blood spots to the fact that it streams from the mouth (pneumorrhagia). At the end of the bleeding, the remaining blood is coughed up in the form of coagulated masses. If there has been a significant outpouring of blood into the lungs, it is sometimes expectorated in liquid form, appearing thin, scarlet and, due to the admixture of air, foamy. The most common cause of K. is pulmonary consumption, often representing its first symptom. In the further course of the disease, when the ulcerative process of the lungs destroys the walls of large vessels, bleeding becomes more profuse and often quickly exhausts the patient and leads to death. Less commonly, K. is a consequence of the lungs being overfilled with blood (hyperemia), which is a constant phenomenon with various heart defects. Overfilled vessels rupture and their contents are coughed out in the form of blood. Further, K. is observed in case of lung injuries with both cold and firearms. It is extremely rare to have such a name. vicarious, i.e. “replacing” K., in which blood flows from the lungs instead of flowing from other paths, such as, for example. , in those suffering from hemorrhoids, etc. In view of the importance of K., both for recognizing the disease and for predicting it, a thorough examination of not only the patient, but his ejaculated blood and sputum is required. The patient first of all needs absolute rest: he must lie quietly in bed, avoid talking and, as far as possible, suppress the urge to cough in order to prevent new rupture of blood vessels, which can be caused by body tremors. Until the doctor arrives, cold can be applied in the form of a large, but not heavy, ice pack applied to the chest. All irritating drinks and foods are prohibited; It is best to give cold milk. Doctors usually prescribe, in addition to remedies against fundamental suffering, narcotics to eliminate coughing and internal hemostatic agents, such as, for example. , ergot. For such patients, climatic treatment in various climatic resorts is successfully recommended; their choice is determined by the individual characteristics of the patient. 285. No matter what reasons it occurs, but in order to stop it, if a person is very excited, he should try to calm himself down, not speak loudly and not be in a warm room. perhaps with all the windows open, and it is best to be in the fresh air or in a cold room.

286. Moreover, it is necessary often, but not suddenly, but gradually, to drink cold water and pour it over the chest or apply twigs soaked in it to the chest and try to keep the feet warm and the head and chest cold.

287. Drink a cold infusion of cherry glue; or

291. Brew of plums and raisins in half; or

293. A weak infusion of fresh or dried pears or astringent apples.

296. And during the entire period of experiencing this disease, one must abstain from hot drinks, do not eat fatty foods, do not eat or drink hot things, but everything in a cold form, do not get angry, do not make movements until the body gets hot, do not walk quickly, do not shout

Irina Kalechenkova

...we need to go to the ambulance...

Vladimir Bochkov

An ambulance should be called, and not self-medicating with “answers” to drive the patient into a coffin.

Tatyana Isaeva

Call an ambulance

GRASP

scarlet or coffee grounds? veins? were there any injuries or alcohol? anyway at 03

Diseases of the ENT organs are the main cause of bleeding

Sputum with blood, metallic taste, bad breath, appears in diseases associated with the organs of the bronchopulmonary system, nasopharynx. A harmless reason is a burst capillary due to a long dry cough, blood appears from a blood vessel that burst in the nose or tonsils.

The main reason for bleeding from the throat during a sore throat is the fragility of blood vessels.

Another common factor is blood in the saliva due to a dry throat. With such a symptom, you should definitely see a specialist; do not neglect the pathology. Much less often, blood in the throat appears due to injury during examination in a medical facility.

When a patient undergoes throat surgery—tonsillectomy—blood from the throat is a natural phenomenon, since the wounds left after surgery take a long time to heal.

The obvious cause is a severe bruise of the nose, so blood from the sinuses through the nasopharynx enters the person’s saliva. In this case, the help of a traumatologist will be required.

Blood from the throat as a symptom cannot be ignored, but there is no point in worrying ahead of time. It is worth listening to your inner feelings, visiting a doctor, getting examined, and, if necessary, undergoing treatment.

The main factors causing the appearance of the symptom

Diseases of the respiratory system.
Mechanical damage, burns.
Pathologies of the digestive organs.
Inflammatory processes in the tonsils.
Problems with gums.

Bleeding from the throat occurs as a result of injuries.

Among the manifestations of pathologies that threaten the patient’s life, we can list:

Discharge of scarlet blood mixed with foam. The symptom indicates a serious pathological process in the lungs.
Fragments of a red hue with mucus or saliva are a sign of tuberculosis, severe myocardial disorders, and a heart attack.
Intense bleeding following injury. This pathological process is rapid and can be fatal.

The victim must be placed in a semi-sitting position. If a person has a wound in the throat, it must be treated with an antiseptic. The victim should be given pain medication. If the swallowing process is very difficult, the tablet should be crushed to a powder and dissolved in water. You can apply a special compress to the victim’s throat. A person with a bleeding throat should be covered with a thin blanket.

If the bleeding is not severe, you should take the person to a medical facility yourself. In case of severe bleeding, it is not recommended to touch the victim. A person needs to be at rest. Any physical activity is contraindicated for him. Sudden movements can cause increased bleeding.

Treatment

Therapeutic tactics depend on the cause that provokes the appearance of blood in the sputum. In case of a tumor process, depending on the stage of the disease, surgery may be prescribed to remove the primary cancer focus, radiation or chemotherapy. If the malignant conglomerate is inoperable, a palliative operation is performed, in which only part of the tumor is removed. This makes it possible to slightly improve the patient’s quality of life and increase survival rate.

As for conservative therapy, it may include hemostatic drugs, for example, etamsylate, calcium chloride, aminocaproic acid and other drugs. In the treatment of the underlying disease, antibacterial, antimycotic agents, mucolytics, hormonal and vascular drugs can be prescribed.

Diseases are treated by a pulmonologist, oncologist, otolaryngologist, rheumatologist or phthisiatrician. It is especially important to diagnose an infectious disease (tuberculosis) in a timely manner. This will help not only prevent the development of complications, but also protect people around you from infection. You should not put off visiting a doctor and at the first appearance of blood in your sputum, you should go to the hospital.

The appearance of blood in sputum is an ambiguous symptom. This manifestation may indicate some kind of inflammation of the respiratory tract that is insignificant for a person’s life or bleeding from these organs, which can affect a person’s health and even life. Thus, the reasons for the appearance of blood on the wall of the throat and in the sputum can be very different.

Sore throat and coughing up blood - reasons, what to do

Unforeseen health problems occur in every person's life. Some symptoms are not frightening, while others, on the contrary, cause fear and panic. When blood appears in saliva, it is most likely due to gum damage. It is not uncommon to notice blood on the toothbrush after brushing your teeth. Of course, there is no sore throat in this condition.

If the patient is sure that there are no problems with the gums, but is bleeding from the throat for unknown reasons, there is only one way out - urgently visit an otolaryngologist . You should not scroll through the entire Internet in search of a way out of the problem; only a doctor will most likely make a diagnosis, indicating the causes of the disease.

Important! Blood from the throat or sputum with blood are completely different concepts. The first refers to pathologies of the upper respiratory tract, the second is a sign of inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. Therefore, treatment will differ significantly.

Let's understand the reasons

Bloody discharge from the mouth is not a separate disease, but a symptom that requires diagnosis. It is easier for the doctor to navigate if the patient can connect this condition with something, for example, he injured his throat with a fish bone. Everything is clear here, either the bone scratched the mucous membrane, or even stuck into it. In this case, an otolaryngologist-surgeon is needed.

The situation is more complicated when the patient tells the doctor that the throat began to bleed and hurt out of the blue, and cannot give an explanation for this condition. Here the doctor will have to work hard and not miss a dangerous disease.

Supposedly, common causes of bloody discharge from the mouth, including the throat and lower respiratory tract, include:

mechanical trauma (damage) - it is caused by sharp objects, fish bones, rough and unprocessed food. The throat often hurts and bleeds after surgery, for example, after a tonsillectomy (removal of the tonsils);
a foreign body can cause not only a sore throat, but also damage to the capillaries, hence bleeding. Until the foreign object is removed, the patient will complain of throat discomfort and soreness. Most often, about 80% of all patients with this pathology are children. They are the ones who try to stuff a wide variety of objects into their mouths. Preventing foreign bodies from getting into the throats of babies means careful supervision of little pranksters;
burns _ This category includes damage to the throat from hot food and chemicals. Particularly dangerous are chemical products, which can cause not only a burn to the throat, but also harm the entire gastrointestinal tract, even death. The condition requires immediate medical attention;
overstrain of the throat - sometimes streaks of blood appear with a strong hysterical cough or scream. This condition is usually short-term in nature. This is due to vascular damage. Medicines and other therapy are not needed;
inflammatory pathologies of the throat - sore throat, tonsillitis, retropharyngeal abscess;
inflammatory diseases of the lower parts of the respiratory system - the bronchi secrete sputum while cleaning. Sometimes, when the capillaries become brittle, bloody streaks appear. Blood may also indicate more dangerous pathologies, when we are talking about tissue breakdown;
tuberculosis of the larynx or lungs - these pathologies are severe and life-threatening. If treatment is not done in a timely manner, blood appears from the affected area. The presence of blood indicates a severe course of the disease, when the patient can infect others. Patients in this condition are sent to a tuberculosis hospital;
Diseases of the esophagus and stomach - with some pathologies of these organs, bloody discharge from the throat is observed. Most patients perceive them as blood from the throat. If this condition also coincides with a cold, when the throat hurts, then the patient will definitely associate this with viral diseases. True, sometimes, more often in pediatrics, viral infections occur with epigastric symptoms, but blood from the throat is a separate signal;
neoplasms - bleeding from the throat is determined in the last stages of cancer. It’s a shame that patients at the beginning of oncological processes have practically no symptoms of the disease, and minor ones are completely ignored. This is why preventive screenings are important. Try to undergo a diagnostic minimum once a year.

Having become familiar with the possible reasons outlined above, patients should understand that anything can happen. It is also worth noting that the blood can be scarlet, dark, black, with clots, flow out with varying degrees of intensity, or simply be observed in veins.

An unfavorable sign is bleeding with pus. Most likely, the infectious process has gone far and requires hospital treatment. Here we already have to deal with a complication.

Self-medication in some cases leads to aggravation of an existing condition. A waste of time and money only hinders the adequate recovery of the body.

Important! When other symptoms such as vomiting, high body temperature, loss of consciousness are noted against the background of bloody discharge, immediately call an ambulance team.

Diagnostics

Blood appears from the throat - should I panic or not? Panic is a brake that prevents the patient from behaving adequately. Chaotic throwing only aggravates the condition of the body, plunging it into deep stress.

Therefore, you need to calm down and go to the doctor. Along the way, try to remember what happened to you the day before. Perhaps they ate something, ate fish, had ARVI, and so on.

When there is no cough, but only a sore throat, head straight to the otolaryngologist's office.

If the ENT specialist does not find any problems, an additional examination will be scheduled. The objective of the study is to conduct differential diagnosis and discover the exact cause of the pathology. So, the patient is additionally referred for the following types of diagnostics:

X-ray of the lungs (frontal and lateral projection) - prescribed in cases where there is a suspicion of pathology of the tracheobronchial tree and lungs. It is important to identify the source of inflammation and exclude tuberculosis;
bacteriological culture from the throat . If there is sputum, it is also sown on nutrient media and the pathogen is identified;
A general blood test shows the presence of an inflammatory process. When the leukocyte formula shifts to the left, the ESR and band neutrophils increase, we can talk about a pronounced inflammatory process that requires immediate antibiotic therapy;
ECG, ECHO of the heart.

In more severe diagnostic cases, the following studies are additionally prescribed:

bronchoscopy;
examination of endotracheal aspirate for the presence of pathogenic microflora;
computed tomography - allows you to more clearly determine the localization and severity of inflammation than x-rays;
biopsy of respiratory tract tumors.

The earlier the diagnosis is made, the easier it is to eliminate the cause of the disease.

It is better to carry out diagnostics in special centers, where the patient will not need to run all over the city in search of a specific test.

In large cities, you can check your throat at the Institute of Otolaryngology; problems with the lower parts of the respiratory system are recommended to be solved at the Institute of Pulmonology and Phthisiology.

Treatment

Depending on the etiology of bleeding from the throat, a treatment regimen is drawn up. It may include conservative therapy as well as surgical treatment. Sometimes traditional methods of treatment are used, after consulting a doctor.

If bleeding is associated with a severe viral infection, the following drugs are used:

antiviral,
antipyretics,
immunomodulatory,
painkillers.

In some cases, mucolytic agents are used. If there is a tendency to fragility of the capillary network, drugs that strengthen the vascular bed are prescribed: ascorutin, aesculus compositum, aescusan and others.

When bacterial microflora is attached, antiseptics and antibacterial drugs are needed. For gargling, use a solution of furatsilin, chlorophyllipt, dekasan and miramistin. For minor injuries, these drugs are also used. If the wound surface is voluminous, the surgeon gives all recommendations individually.

Oncological neoplasms are subject to radiation and chemotherapy. Specific therapy is carried out. Only an oncologist treats such patients.

I would like to dwell in more detail on the treatment of sore throat, since it is this that occupies a leading position in requests on the Internet. This insidious disease provokes complications from the heart, kidneys, articular system, causes purulent plugs, peritonsillar abscess, as a result of which blood can be observed from the throat.

How to treat a sore throat?

Be sure to pay attention to a balanced diet. Food is taken only in pureed and liquid form. Sour, hot and spicy foods are a contraindication for use.

First aid consists of frequent rinsing with anti-inflammatory infusions and antiseptic solutions. Good results are given by: infusion of chamomile and calendula, furatsilin solution, eludril, rivanol. Perform the rinsing procedure every 1–2 hours.

It is recommended to irrigate the throat with aerosols: grammidin, golospas, hexoral, ingalypt and others.
The following drugs are suitable for resorption: strepsils, faringosept, falimint. These remedies not only eliminate the growth of bacterial microflora, but also relieve pain.

Patients suffering from frequent sore throats know that the disease is accompanied by severe intoxication. Drinking plenty of fluids will help alleviate the patient’s condition: rosehip infusion, raspberry and chamomile tea, all kinds of fruit drinks.

After making a diagnosis of tonsillitis, the doctor will necessarily prescribe antibacterial treatment. There is no point in giving it up. In uncomplicated forms, the drugs of choice are protected penicillins (amoxiclav, augmentin). If they are ineffective, they are replaced with macrolides (azithromycin) or cephalosporins (cephalexin). The duration of therapy is at least 7 days.

In the first days of the disease, when the body temperature is above 38.5°C, antipyretic drugs are indicated: paracetamol, ibuprofen, aspirin, analgin. They are taken symptomatically; no treatment regimen is required. If you have a high temperature, take it; if the thermometer readings are up to 38°C, it is recommended to bring down the temperature with rubbing (vinegar + water).

Traditional methods will help eliminate sore throat and bleeding. For example, gargling with beet juice, a decoction of white willow bark and plantain, and violet infusion.

Another of the most unpleasant pathologies is tuberculosis. In the stage of decay of lung tissue, patients almost always experience hemoptysis. Here we are no longer talking about blood from the throat, although many patients complain about this symptom exactly like this: “I have blood from my throat.”

Causes

Blood discharge in sputum can be observed with lung cancer, aortic aneurysm, heart disease, heart attack, gangrene of the lung, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, and stomach ulcers. The appearance of blood in the sputum may not be a symptom of any disease; perhaps a blood vessel has burst. This rupture is often facilitated by a dry cough.

You are 40 years old or older

.
You've been smoking cigarettes for a long time and have had a dry "smoker's cough" for years. One day you notice a little blood in your saliva
, either in streams or mixed with it. The cough was the same as usual and was not too severe. You decide to ignore the episode, as many smokers do. Then it happens again and again. But now you may have a fever, chest pain and leg discomfort. Either you have problems with your heart, or you recently caught a bad cold.

If you answer "no"

to all these questions, it’s a serious matter:
lung cancer
. The main indicators are: your age (over 40), you are a heavy smoker, no fever and a chronic cough that preceded the appearance of blood. As the cancer spreads, taking in more and more lung tissue, you will feel short of breath and experience chest pain, especially when you breathe deeply, because the cancer has invaded the pleura (the sac that covers the lungs). Sound scary? This is actually true.

Quit smoking

already now - and there is a chance that this cup will pass from you. Of course, when I say that blood in these circumstances means cancer, I mean statistical probability. You might get lucky. The tumor may be benign, especially if you are under 40 years old, generally healthy, and have previously had benign growths (polyps) in your airways.

The pathological conditions that most often cause coughing up blood include:

1) inflammatory diseases (bronchitis, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, lung abscess, pneumonia, especially caused by Klebsiella); 2) neoplasms (lung cancer, including squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, oat cell), bronchial adenoma; 3) others [pulmonary embolism, left ventricular failure, mitral valve stenosis, trauma, including foreign bodies and pulmonary contusion, primary pulmonary hypertension (anomalies of arteries and veins, Eisenmenger syndrome, pulmonary vasculitis, including Wegener's granulomatosis and Goodpasture's syndrome, idiopathic hemosiderosis lung, amyloidosis), hemorrhagic diathesis, including treatment with anticoagulants].

It's OK. A blood vessel in my throat probably burst. If you don't have colds, everything is fine. It may be something that is scary to say. If you’re so concerned, you’re asking the question a second time, go see a doctor, a therapist. no one on the Internet can give you any real advice... it could be a trifle, it happened with a cold... but it could also be something serious. Anything is possible.

My throat hurts very much, I have no cough and I just coughed up blood. What is this?

Most likely the sore throat is advanced. I need to see a doctor. He will prescribe an antibiotic with accompanying solutions and herbs. Take coconut oil. if you cough up blood

. run to the hospital yourself. such things are not to be joked about. Deliver without inspection.

I was diagnosed with a diagnosis of bronchitis, a fluoro scan showed compaction of the lungs, blood and urine tests were normal, but the cough remained, what’s wrong?

Were you treated with antibiotics? Then take some herbs or bromhexine. Maybe ours.

Coughing up blood

pneumonia To pathological conditions that most often cause cough

with
blood
. include: 1) inflammatory diseases (bronchitis, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, lung abscess, pneumonia, especially caused by Klebsiella); 2.

I woke up with a cough and started coughing up sputum and blood. What could it be?

let's start with the fact that if there are no problems, then there is basically no sputum, especially with blood

Most likely they damaged a blood vessel, they coughed a lot. But still an analysis. sputum for tuberculosis, you should test it. Who knows, we do fluorography very well.

Day 2: Blood is coughed up. (NO COUGH) the phlegm just hangs in my throat and I spit it out

Soon you will grunt from pulmonary edema. The situation is serious enough to be treated with our advice. You need to see a doctor urgently! Most likely the blood vessels are weak, take Vicasol. and see a doctor, most likely it’s not because of the breakdown.1. Gums may bleed. 2. Burst.

sputum lasts 2 months.

no cough.
Today I coughed up blood
. What could it be?

now they will scare you here) for some reason it is common among people - if with blood

coughed - all tubreculosis and white slippers, both with pneumonia and bronchitis,
a cough
mixed with
blood
, which is why a differential diagnosis is made) option one is to go to.

If a person has a sore throat and blood clots come out when coughing. What is this?

Sore throat is purulent! Let's run to the doctor. And on sick leave. Maybe a sore throat. Blood

with pus. this is a dick. tube, feet in hand and to the doctor, judging by the fact that the holidays are just around the corner. then call an ambulance and pray to God that everything will work out, there is such an option. Well, it’s definitely more serious than a cold, it’s definitely necessary.

URGENTLY! What kind of disease? Symptoms: Coughing up blood. weight loss, fainting,

See another doctor. There may be pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumonia, lung cancer or tuberculosis. tuberculosis. is very similar! It’s impossible that doctors can’t make a diagnosis, run to the doctor or call an ambulance - they don’t joke with that. Hello, Olya! I can’t see the whole clinic with my own eyes, but from the description it looks like pulmonary.

Has anyone coughed up blood when they have a cold? Or do I have another and terrible disease? Thank you!

Colored sputum, streaked with bright red or rusty red, contains blood

.
Cough
with sputum containing some
blood
.
may simply mean that a small blood vessel in your lungs has ruptured; but this same cough
can.
Check your lungs if you know for sure that you do not have tuberculosis (you recently underwent fluoro), with bronchitis and a prolonged cough,
there are ruptures of the bronchial vessels from here and
blood
in the sputum, if you cannot urgently get to a doctor (to begin with, a therapist.

Blood from the mouth.

So. Tuberculosis, he would definitely feel it, and the blood

It only causes a strong
cough
with phlegm.
Believe me, I know (I was lying there - I saw enough) Stomach ulcer, as well as terrible pains that are impossible to pay attention to, you would know and suspect. Maybe there was a nosebleed, it was just from lying on my back that blood
started flowing into my mouth. I need to see a doctor urgently. blood pressure may occur Stomach ulcer may see a doctor urgently! Maybe the gums are torn somewhere or something like tuberculosis? Not.

My child 2.8 has a cough that doesn’t go away, the doctors say it’s allergic, they donated blood, we’re waiting, but the cough still won’t stop.

nebulizer with saline solution or mineral water. do inhalations 3 times a day for 10 minutes. Good health to you. We had a fever and cough

, even choked, every two weeks. A diagnosis of laryngotracheitis was made. I accidentally noticed that I was allergic to honey. The doctor prescribed Zyrtec (allergy drops). We haven’t coughed for three months now. And the first month of admission.

which doctor to contact. if there is blood when you cough

See a pulmonologist (a specialist in pulmonary diseases). A phthisiatrician. In any case, go to a therapist, and he will prescribe a specialist for you. Everyone can have a problem with the lungs, or maybe bronzes, throat, etc. The therapist will listen, check and direct where necessary. If you yourself want to go straight to a specialist.

Gentlemen, ladies. tell me. coughing up blood

tuberculosis Contact at least the emergency department of any hospital. to take an x-ray of the lungs (so as not to miss a serious pathology), and after the x-ray, act according to the circumstances. Get well to you! If you look at the bronchi from the inside.

What diseases does sputum with blood without cough indicate?

Tuberculosis, lung cancer, consumption for example, tuberculosis, cancer, etc. but in general it’s time to see a doctor about stomach diseases. this speaks of TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG CANCER

Donate blood

for immunoglobulin, if it exceeds the norm, it is an allergy and you need to look for what. allergies, get tested for spring allergies, the evening was held by two equals, lyat oto - and summer in summer, night and night, and a cow named Nochka was the nurse and neither reproached.

Chest pain and coughing up blood in a child

Most likely, the back wall of the larynx is inflamed, the blood vessels are close and when coughing

they burst, so there are streaks (traces)
of blood
. Treat your throat. Call an ambulance quickly. maybe even tuberculosis((call an ambulance. Are your pediatricians out of stock, or what? The sore throat seems to have progressed and went down to the therapist and treated with antibiotics. And you still have the answers. AMBULANCE. In that case, I wouldn’t.

Coughing up blood

If the throat does not hurt and there is no wheezing, fluorography did not reveal any abnormalities, then this may well be a problem with the stomach. Run to the doctors, go0t. In general, go to the doctor again and need to have your sputum tested. Collect this blood

and take it to the hospital for analysis.

A man of 80 years old. There was a massive heart attack. A week later, a cough with blood appeared. What to do?

Congestion in the pulmonary circulation. That's how it was with my father. We treated her according to the regimen (droppers, intravenous injections). lived another 15 years. He died at 90. Call an ambulance, the doctor must prescribe treatment and explain to you about proper care for the patient. only the hospital will help. Call an ambulance; there may be pulmonary edema. this is bad, my grandfather is just dying, I saw it, honestly, he started having a heart attack.

Sore throat Nasmark dry cough macrophage with blood residue + no temperature and pain under the shoulder blade

Could it be tuberculosis? For health-related questions, go to your doctor. Otherwise they will say all sorts of things to you here.

Question for doctors. Is it possible to cope with a heart cough?

Main cause of heart cough

- stagnation
of blood
in the lungs.
That is, such a cough
can occur in all cases when there is left ventricular heart failure.
At the same time, the right ventricle fills the lungs with blood
.
but the left ventricle is not. The cause of cardiac cough
is heart failure.
The symptoms of this cough
are similar to those of bronchitis, only with a cardiac
cough
there is no sputum production, and in especially severe cases, bloody discharge appears. TO.

Lacunar and follicular sore throats are the most dangerous types of bacterial throat infections. A person falling ill with one of these forms experiences a more difficult and complicated path to recovery.

The main symptoms remain, only the body temperature can reach forty degrees. The patient may lose consciousness from lack of air, since the inflammatory processes irritate the mucous membrane of the throat so much that it interferes with the natural movement of oxygen. Chills and joint pain increase. In this case, emergency measures should be taken immediately.

Causes of hemoptysis

All the reasons that cause bleeding can be divided into several groups:

pathology of the bronchopulmonary system;
diseases of the nasopharynx/oropharynx;
oncological processes;
vascular diseases.

Among the diseases localized in the respiratory system, it is worth highlighting:

If blood is diagnosed at the back of the throat, the reasons may be damage to the blood vessels of the nasopharynx, for example, due to injury, after surgery in the nasal area or removal of tonsils.

In the case of ulcerative tonsillitis, when ulcerative defects form on the surface of the tonsils, an admixture of blood may appear in the sputum. A cough appears as a reflex when blood enters the bronchi. In addition, when trying to remove plaque from the tonsils due to diphtheria, the surface also bleeds for a long time. As a result, a wound is formed, which predisposes to infection.

As for oncological diseases, the cause of hemoptysis can be:

Lung cancer, which is manifested by hemoptysis, weight loss, and loss of appetite. Often, an admixture of blood in the sputum is recorded with the central type of tumor.
bronchial adenoma is characterized by hemoptysis, cough, shortness of breath, increasing severity of respiratory failure as the tumor grows and the lumen of the bronchi decreases.
Tumors of the larynx, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinuses can also provoke hemoptysis when blood enters the bronchi.

Bleeding of the tumor is observed when it disintegrates, which indicates the progression of the disease and the severe stage of the disease.

Separately, diseases of the cardiovascular system in adults should be highlighted:

pulmonary hypertension caused by mitral stenosis, cardiomyopathy and other cardiac pathologies leads to hemoptysis after exercise. A person is worried about severe shortness of breath, dizziness and angina pectoris. Hemoptysis is observed due to a violation of vascular integrity with increased pressure in the pulmonary bloodstream.
Pulmonary edema is manifested by the release of foamy sputum with a bloody admixture, which turns the sputum pink.
pulmonary embolism is accompanied by hemoptysis, severe shortness of breath and pain in the chest.
increased fragility of blood vessels in vascular diseases of autoimmune origin.

After exposure to a traumatic factor, blood streaks appear in the throat. The throat can be damaged by chemicals (burn of the mucous membrane), solid food or laryngoscopy. In addition, hemoptysis is also possible after bronchoscopy, transbronchial biopsy, percutaneous pulmonary puncture, or pulmonary artery catheterization.

When a lung is injured, a rib is fractured, or a chest bruise occurs, a bleeding vessel appears, causing hemoptysis. To a lesser extent, blood in the sputum is observed in cystic fibrosis, pulmonary vascular hypoplasia, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Wegener's granulomatosis, lupus, Goodpasture's syndrome or sarcoidosis.

Cause of sputum: in the throat and bronchi, with and without coughing, green, yellow, thick

By sputum, health workers understand the secretion that is secreted by the cells of the bronchi, which contains the contents of the nose and its sinuses, as well as saliva. Normally, it is transparent and mucous, there is little of it, and it is released only in the morning from people who smoke, work in dusty industries, or live in dry air conditions.

In these cases, it is called tracheobronchial secretion rather than sputum. With the development of pathologies, the following can enter the sputum: pus, when there is bacterial inflammation in the respiratory tract, blood, when damage to the vessel has occurred on the way from the nose to the end of the bronchi, mucus in cases of non-bacterial inflammation. This content may become more or less viscous.

Pathological processes as the cause of the accumulation of sputum in the throat without coughing usually occupy a localization from the nasopharynx, where the contents of the nose and its paranasal sinuses flow, to the trachea. If the disease has affected deeper structures: the trachea, bronchi or lung tissue, sputum production will be accompanied by a cough (in young children, an analogue of coughing can be vomiting with a large amount of mucus or other contents). Bronchitis and pneumonia can, of course, occur without a cough, but then sputum production will not bother you.

When is sputum production considered normal?

The mucous membrane of the bronchi consists of cells on the surface of which there are cilia - microtubules that can move (normally - in the upward direction, towards the trachea). Between the ciliated cells are small glands called goblet cells. There are 4 times fewer of them than ciliated cells, but they are not located in such a way that after every four ciliated cells there is 1 goblet cell: there are areas consisting of only one, or only of the second type of cells. Glandular cells are completely absent in the small bronchi and bronchioles. Goblet cells and ciliated cells are united by a common name - “mucociliary apparatus”, and the process of movement of mucus in the bronchi and trachea is called mucociliary clearance.

Mucus produced by goblet cells is the basis of sputum. It is needed to remove from the bronchi those particles of dust and microbes that, due to their microscopic size, were not noticed by the cells with cilia that are in the nose and throat.

The vessels are tightly adjacent to the mucous membrane of the bronchi. From them come immune cells that control the absence of foreign particles in the air entering the lungs. Some immune cells are also present in the mucous membrane itself. Their function is the same.

Therefore, sputum, or more precisely, tracheobronchial secretion, is normal; without it, the bronchi would be covered from the inside with soot and impurities, and would be constantly inflamed. Its amount is from 10 to 100 ml per day. It may contain a small number of white blood cells, but neither bacteria, nor atypical cells, nor fibers contained in lung tissue are detected. The secretion forms slowly, gradually, and when it reaches the oropharynx, a healthy person, without noticing, swallows this minimal amount of mucous content.

Why can you feel phlegm in your throat without coughing?

This occurs due to either increased secretion production or deterioration of its excretion. There are many reasons for these conditions. Here are the main ones:

Work in enterprises with high levels of air pollution from particles of silicates, coal or others.
Smoking.
Throat irritation from alcoholic drinks or cold, spicy or hot foods can cause a feeling of mucus without coughing. In this case, there is no malaise, no deterioration in breathing, or any other symptoms.
Pharyngo-laryngeal reflux. This is the name for the reflux of the contents of the throat, where the ingredients of the stomach, which do not have a pronounced acidic environment, have arrived, closer to the windpipe. Other symptoms of this condition are sore throat and cough.
Acute sinusitis. The main symptoms will be deterioration of the condition, fever, headache, and the release of copious amounts of snot. These symptoms come to the fore.
Chronic sinusitis. Most likely, this particular pathology will be described as “phlegm in the throat without cough.” It is manifested by difficulty in nasal breathing, deterioration of smell, and fatigue. Thick mucus secretes from the sinuses into the throat, and this happens constantly.
Chronic tonsillitis. Here the person is bothered by “phlegm”, bad breath, whitish masses may be visible on the tonsils, which can be released by themselves and with certain movements of the muscles of the mouth, their smell is unpleasant. The throat does not hurt, the temperature may be elevated, but within 37 – 37.3°C.
Chronic catarrhal rhinitis. Here, outside of an exacerbation, the nose only gets stuffy in the cold, and then only on one half; Sometimes a small amount of mucous discharge is released from the nose. During an exacerbation, thick, abundant snot appears, which creates a feeling of phlegm in the throat.
Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. Here the main symptom is difficulty breathing through the nose, one half of it, which is why a person may have a headache in this half. The sense of smell and taste also deteriorates, and a slight nasal sound appears. Discharge accumulates in the throat or is discharged outward.
Vasomotor rhinitis. In this case, a person may periodically be “overtaken” by attacks of sneezing, which occurs after itching in the nose, mouth or throat. Nasal breathing is periodically difficult, and liquid mucus is released from the nose outward or into the pharyngeal cavity. These attacks are associated with sleep and can appear after a change in air temperature, overwork, eating spicy food, emotional stress or increased blood pressure.
Pharyngitis. Here, phlegm in the throat occurs against the background of soreness or pain in it. More often, the sum of these sensations causes a cough, which is either dry or produces a small amount of liquid sputum.
Sjögren's syndrome. At the same time, there is a decrease in saliva production, and due to dryness in the mouth, it seems as if phlegm has accumulated in the throat.

Color of sputum without cough

Based on this criterion, one can suspect:

mucous white sputum indicates fungal (usually candidiasis) tonsillitis;
clear sputum with white streaks may accompany chronic catarrhal pharyngitis;
green, thick sputum may indicate chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis;
and if yellow sputum comes out and there is no cough, this speaks in favor of a purulent process in the upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis).

If phlegm is felt only in the morning

Sputum production in the morning may indicate:

reflux esophagitis - reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus and throat. In this case, there is weakness of the orbicularis muscle, which should not let what gets into the stomach back out. This pathology is usually accompanied by heartburn, which occurs when taking a horizontal position after eating, as well as periodic belching of air or sour contents. Occurring during pregnancy and accompanied by constant heartburn, it is a symptom associated with compression of the abdominal organs by the pregnant uterus;
chronic sinusitis. Symptoms: difficulty in nasal breathing, deterioration of the sense of smell up to its complete absence, mucus in the throat;
chronic bronchitis. In this case, the sputum has a mucopurulent (yellow or yellow-green) character, accompanied by weakness and low body temperature.
be the first sign of acute bronchitis. There is an increase in temperature, weakness, loss of appetite;
developing in the spring-autumn period, talk about bronchiectasis. Other symptoms include malaise and fever. In summer and winter, a person again feels relatively good;
appearing against the background of heart diseases, indicate their decompensation, that is, the appearance of congestion in the lungs;
developing in young children, talk about adenoiditis. In this case, nasal breathing is impaired, children breathe through their mouths, but there is no temperature or signs of acute respiratory infections.

Sputum when coughing

If a person notices the appearance of a cough, after which sputum is released, this indicates a disease of the trachea, bronchi or lungs. It can be acute and chronic, inflammatory, allergic, tumor, or stagnant. It is impossible to make a diagnosis based on the presence of sputum alone: an examination, listening to lung sounds, an X-ray (and sometimes a computed tomography) of the lungs, and sputum tests - general and bacteriological - are required.

To some extent, the color of the sputum, its consistency and smell will help you navigate the diagnosis.

Color of sputum when coughing

If you produce yellow sputum when you cough, this may indicate:

purulent process: acute bronchitis, pneumonia. It is possible to distinguish these conditions only according to instrumental studies (X-ray or computed tomogram of the lungs), since their symptoms are the same;
the presence of a large number of eosinophils in the lung or bronchial tissue, which also indicates eosinophilic pneumonia (then the color is yellow, like a canary);
sinusitis. Here there is poor breathing through the nose, separation of not only sputum, but also yellow mucopurulent snot, headache, malaise;
bronchial asthma. The disease is characterized by exacerbations, when there is difficulty breathing (difficulty exhaling) and wheezing audible at a distance, and remissions, when the person feels satisfactory;
yellow liquid sputum with a small amount of mucus, which appears against the background of icteric discoloration of the skin (with hepatitis, tumor, cirrhosis of the liver or blockage of the bile ducts with a stone) indicates that damage to the lungs has occurred;
yellow ocher color speaks of siderosis, a disease that occurs in people who work with dust that contains iron oxides. With this pathology there are no special symptoms other than cough.

Yellow-green sputum indicates:

purulent bronchitis;
bacterial pneumonia;
be a normal symptom after tuberculosis that has been cured with specific drugs.

If a rust-colored discharge is coughed up, this indicates that vascular injury has occurred in the respiratory tract, but the blood, by the time it reaches the oral cavity, has oxidized and hemoglobin has become hematin. This may happen when:

severe cough (then there will be streaks of rusty color that will disappear after 1-2 days);
pneumonia, when inflammation (purulent or viral), melting the lung tissue, leads to damage to blood vessels. There will be: fever, shortness of breath, weakness, vomiting, lack of appetite, and sometimes diarrhea;

If brown mucus is coughed up, this also indicates the presence of “old”, oxidized blood in the respiratory tract:

if the lungs had such an almost always congenital pathology as bullae (cavities filled with air). If such a bulla lay close to the bronchus and then ruptured, brown sputum will be released. If at the same time air also enters the pleural cavity, shortness of breath and a feeling of lack of air will be noted, which may increase. The “sick” half of the chest does not breathe, and pain was noted during the rupture of the bulla;
gangrene of the lung. Here, a significant deterioration in the general condition comes to the fore: weakness, clouding of consciousness, vomiting, high temperature. The sputum is not only brown in color, but also has a putrid odor;
pneumoconiosis - a disease that occurs due to industrial (coal, silicon) dust. Characterized by chest pain, first a dry cough. Gradually, bronchitis becomes chronic, often leading to pneumonia;
lung cancer. The disease does not make itself felt for a long time, and coughing attacks gradually appear. A person suddenly loses weight, begins to sweat at night, and it becomes increasingly difficult for him to breathe;
tuberculosis. There is weakness, sweating (especially at night), lack of appetite, weight loss, and a prolonged dry cough.

Sputum that is light green to dark green in color indicates that there is a bacterial or fungal process in the lungs. This:

abscess or gangrene of the lung. The symptoms of the pathologies are very similar (if we are talking about acute rather than chronic abscess, the symptoms of which are more sparse). This is severe weakness, malaise, shortness of breath, chest pain, very high body temperature that practically does not respond to antipyretics;
bronchiectasis. This is a chronic pathology associated with dilation of the bronchi. It is characterized by a course of exacerbations and remissions. During an exacerbation, purulent sputum (green, yellow-green) comes out in the morning and after lying on the stomach. The person feels unwell and has a fever;
actinomycosis process. In this case, there is a prolonged elevated temperature, malaise, mucopurulent greenish sputum is coughed up;
Cystic fibrosis is a disease when almost all the secretions produced by the body’s glands become very viscous, are poorly evacuated and suppurate. It is characterized by frequent pneumonia and pancreatic inflammation, stunted growth and body weight. Without a special diet and enzyme supplementation, such people may die from complications of pneumonia;
sinusitis (its symptoms are described above).

White sputum is characteristic of:

ARI: then the sputum is transparent white, thick or foamy, mucous;
lung cancer: it is not only white, but there are streaks of blood in it. Weight loss and fatigue are also noted;
bronchial asthma: it is thick, glassy, released after a coughing attack;
heart diseases. The color of such sputum is whitish, the consistency is liquid.

Diagnosis of sputum by consistency and smell

In order to evaluate this criterion, it is necessary to expectorate sputum into a transparent glass container, evaluate it immediately, and then remove it, cover it with a lid, and let it sit (in some cases, the sputum may separate, which will help in diagnosis).

Mucous sputum: it is released mainly during ARVI;
Liquid colorless is characteristic of chronic processes developing in the trachea and pharynx;
Foamy white or pinkish sputum is released during pulmonary edema, which can accompany both heart disease and inhalation gas poisoning, pneumonia, and inflammation of the pancreas;
Sputum of a mucopurulent nature can be released with tracheitis, sore throat, bacterial bronchitis, complicated cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis;
Vitreous: characteristic of bronchial asthma and bronchitis with an asthmatic component.

An unpleasant odor is characteristic of complicated bronchiectasis or lung abscess. A fetid, putrid odor is characteristic of lung gangrene.

If the sputum separates into two layers when standing, it is probably a lung abscess. If there are three layers (the top one is foamy, then liquid, then flaky), this may be gangrene of the lung.

What does sputum look like for major diseases?

Sputum in tuberculosis has the following characteristics:

slimy consistency;
not abundant (100-500 ml/day);
then streaks of greenish or yellowish pus and white spots appear;
if cavities appear in the lungs that violate the integrity of the tissue, streaks of blood appear in the sputum: rusty or scarlet, larger or smaller in size, up to pulmonary hemorrhage.

With bronchitis, the sputum is mucopurulent in nature and practically odorless. If a vessel is damaged, bright scarlet streaks of blood enter the sputum.

In pneumonia, if purulent fusion of the vessels has not occurred, the sputum is mucopurulent in nature and yellow-green or yellow in color. If pneumonia is caused by the influenza virus, or the bacterial process has covered a large area, the discharge may have a rusty color or streaks of rusty or scarlet blood.

Sputum in asthma is mucous, viscous, whitish or transparent. Released after a coughing attack, it looks like molten glass and is called vitreous.

What to do if sputum appears

Contact your doctor. The first should be a general practitioner, then an otolaryngologist (ENT) or pulmonologist. The therapist will give you a referral. We also need to talk about the advisability of donating sputum.
Buy 2 sterile jars for sputum collection. Drink plenty of warm liquid throughout this day. In the morning, on an empty stomach, take 3 deep breaths and cough up (do not spit) any mucus. One jar requires more discharge (this should go to the clinical laboratory), the other requires less (to the bacteriological laboratory).
If the symptoms resemble tuberculosis, sputum must be submitted to a clinical laboratory, where Mycobacterium tuberculosis will be detected under a microscope, three times.
You don't need to do anything on your own. The maximum is to inhale with Berodual in an age-appropriate dosage (if sputum was released after a cough) or dissolve an antiseptic such as Strepsils, Septolete, Faringosept (if there was no cough). Without knowing some nuances, for example, that if you have hemoptysis, you cannot take mucolytics (ACC, carbocisteine), you can seriously harm your body.

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