Composition of "Klacida"
The drug is produced by the Italian pharmacological company Abbot SPA. The active substance is a synthetic antibiotic - clarithromycin, which is part of the macrolide group. It is used in the treatment of a large number of bacterial infections. Also, the tablet form of the drug may contain excipients: croscarmellose sodium, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, silicon dioxide, povidone, stearic acid, magnesium stearate and others.
What antibiotic should be used for otitis media in children, and is it possible to do without them?
Infectious ear diseases are the most common diseases in children. Otitis is often treated with antibiotics. This is a common and effective technique. Which sometimes may not be used, replacing it with alternative methods of treatment. The use of antibiotics is justified when the inflammatory process in the ear cavity has already reached alarming proportions and can lead to serious complications. The main symptoms are: high temperature (over 38 oC), severe pain in the ear organ, dehydration. The link describes the symptoms of otitis media in children under one year of age. Antibiotics are immediately prescribed to children under two years of age; complications most often occur in this age category.
Types of disease in children
They differ depending on the location of the inflammatory process and are:
- external;
- average;
- localized in the middle ear (labyrinthitis).
Most often, children suffer from the third type. The disease occurs in three stages:
- pre-perforation period – the onset of the disease and its development. At this time, the baby is bothered by noise in the ear, and he begins to hear poorly. If this is not immediately noticed, the disease is accompanied by a temperature of 38 oC and is accompanied by headaches;
- the perforation stage brings with it an improvement in the patient’s condition. With it, the signs of intoxication, the pain that tormented the child, disappear and the temperature drops, but the original hearing is not yet restored, because the eardrum was damaged during the illness.
- The recovery stage is the most significant period. During it, hearing returns and all symptoms of the disease disappear.
Antibiotics are used to speed up recovery. You just need to figure out which of them are the most effective and will be able to effectively localize and eliminate diseases, without consequences for the child’s body.
The video talks about the use of antibiotics for otitis media in children:
Fast acting antibiotics
Are antibiotics needed for otitis media? Their appropriateness of use is determined by the severity of the disease, which can be: mild, moderate, acute and catarrhal. The first two forms of it can go away in children without the use of antibiotics, but the latter cannot do without them.
The extent of the disease is determined within two days. During which, the child is treated with alternative medicines in the form of antibacterial medications and folk remedies. If after this time no improvements have appeared, then there is no need to delay taking strong medications. Now we need to introduce heavy artillery into the body - give the child antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor.
You should not wait so long if the child has a severe form of the disease immediately visible. It manifests itself in an increase in body temperature to 39 oC and severe intoxication. What antibiotic is used? The course of treatment and antibiotic are prescribed by the doctor. Most often these include the following drugs:
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin is an effective and, so to speak, the most gentle drug. It belongs to the penicillin series. It has three forms of release: suspension, tablets and capsules. The dosage for children depends on their weight and age. The drug is taken three times a day.
Children under 2 years of age are prescribed amoxicillin in suspension. The dose of the medication is calculated as follows: 20 mg of the drug per 1 kg of child’s weight:
- Children from 2 to five years old - 125 mg.
- Children from 5 to 10 years old should drink 250 mg.
Children older than this age are prescribed 500 mg twice a day or 250 mg in four doses. For serious infections, 875 mg twice daily or 500 mg every 8 hours is prescribed.
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Roxithromycin
Roxithromycin belongs to the macrolide category. It is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Available in tablet form and suspension. Suitable for children from four years old if their body weight exceeds 30 kg. The dose is calculated as follows: 5 - 8 mg of the drug per 1 kg of baby's weight. The resulting amount of medication should be taken throughout the day, the number of doses is prescribed by the doctor. The average course is 10 days. This drug has virtually no contraindications or side effects.
Clarithromycin
It surpasses all drugs of the penicillin group in effectiveness and safety. It has a suppressive effect on protein synthesis in microbial cells and prevents them from multiplying, which leads to their rapid death. It has two actions at once: antibacterial and bacteriological. It is produced in the form of a suspension, powder for preparing a solution, administered orally, and tablets. Children over 12 years of age are prescribed a suspension, which must be taken twice a day, 250 or 500 mg. The dosage depends on the severity of the disease. The duration of the course is one to two weeks.
In severe forms of otitis, the drug can be used intramuscularly at a dose of 500 mg/day for five days.
Sofradex
Sofradex is used for acute and chronic otitis media. It is produced in the form of ear drops. They must be instilled 4 times a day at equal intervals. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects, and also relieves unpleasant itching.
Ceftriaxone
Ceftriaxone is used in inpatient treatment of a patient. It is administered intramuscularly. It is safe even for newborns. For them, the dosage is calculated as follows: 20 – 50 mg per 1 kg of crumbs. For infants and children up to 12 years of age, the daily dose ranges from 20 to 75 mg/kg. In especially severe cases, the dosage may be increased to 4 grams.
Is it possible to cure otitis media without antibiotics? Ear infections in babies under six months of age should be treated only with antibiotics. For children under two years of age, a two-day wait-and-see practice can be applied, and then, after confirming the diagnosis, a potent drug must be prescribed. For older children, alternative treatments for otitis media can be used, and if these do not help, antibiotics can be used.
Treatment with alternative methods
In some cases, treating middle ear inflammation is simply contraindicated with potent medications, since children may experience an unexpected reaction. Therefore, sometimes treatment of otitis occurs without the use of antibiotics.
How to treat otitis media with folk remedies? Before choosing alternative treatments, you should consult your doctor for advice on their use.
Folk remedies
Wormwood tincture
You need to take a teaspoon. wormwood flowers and add them to 70 ml of alcohol. Then this product must be infused in a dark and cool place for 10 days. In this case, the resulting mixture must be stirred periodically. Moisten pre-made cotton wicks with the resulting infusion and insert them into both ears before going to bed. They are removed in the morning. This technique will provide warmth and also reduce inflammation. The course of application is from five to seven days.
Rosehip and nettle
From these two ingredients you need to make a decoction. And drink it as often as possible throughout the day. It has anti-inflammatory and strengthening effects.
Several ways to use geranium against otitis media:
- Its leaves contain a high consistency of essential oils that have a strong positive effect on the body. Its torn leaf must be crushed a little in your hands, then twisted into a tube and inserted into each ear. This technique relieves pain.
- The next method is to make a treatment test. It is kneaded from mashed geranium leaves, flour (rye or oatmeal) and camphor alcohol. From these components you need to knead a stiff dough, and then wrap it around each ear from the outside.
Propolis with oil
To prepare this recipe, you need to take 30 ml of any plant-based oil and add half the amount of crushed propolis to it. Place all this in a glass container and heat in a water bath for about two hours until the propolis is completely dissolved, while the composition must be stirred periodically. Wax will settle at the bottom of the dish. It is necessary to pour the resulting product so that the sediment remains in the previous container. Twice a day it is necessary to insert cotton or gauze wicks soaked in the prepared composition into the ears for three hours. This remedy cannot simply be dropped into the ears.
Hydrogen peroxide
It is used for purulent otitis media. Wash your ears with this product. Each time after this procedure, pus will come out along with its remains. If this is a chronic form, then peroxide is used as ear drops.
Walnut
The leaves from this tree are finely chopped and placed in a jar. Then oil is poured up to the very neck. And the container is left with the solution for three months in a cool and dark place. A cotton swab is moistened with this oil solution, and then the ear canal and the area around it are treated with it. This must be done three times a day.
Drugs
To relieve the child's debilitating pain, use Paracetamol, Efferalgan, Panadol, Ibuprofen or Imet. Children over 12 years of age are prescribed Nimid and Nimesil. All these medications can eliminate the temperature and reduce the child’s pain. Follow the link to read which ear drops are best for otitis media.
Warming treatments
Compresses can be done only if the otitis media is not purulent and there is no fever. When carrying out this warming procedure, you must first check the temperature of the compress; under no circumstances should you apply it to the baby’s neck immediately after preparation.
It is made from ordinary or camphor alcohol. The gauze prepared in advance is folded into eight layers and a hole is made in it for the ear. Then it is moistened, squeezed out and applied to the area around the auricle.
A good and proven method is heating with salt. A small amount of it should be heated in a frying pan, and then transferred to a small canvas bag, the size of which should be slightly larger than the ear. Leave the product near the ear until the salt cools.
All diseases must be treated in a timely manner so that complications do not occur. But in the case of otitis media, you should use only proven and effective remedies. After all, it affects the child’s auditory organ. Therefore, you should not abuse antibiotics, much less use folk remedies yourself. Here you can read about the symptoms and treatment of otitis media in adults. Follow the link to read what acute catarrhal otitis media is.
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pharmachologic effect
The bacteriostatic effect of Klacid prevents pathogenic microflora from synthesizing the protein necessary for its growth and development. It is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms of the aerobic and anaerobic type, staphylococci resistant to oxacillin and methicillin.
The prescription of this antibiotic will be effective only if the bacterial nature of sinusitis is identified, and also if the disease is caused by microorganisms susceptible to the active substance of the drug.
The medicine is prescribed for the treatment of:
- sinusitis;
- pneumonia;
- bronchitis;
- pharyngitis;
- tonsillitis;
- laryngitis;
- folliculitis;
- impetigo;
- infected wounds;
- furunculosis;
- chlamydia, ureaplasmosis.
Description of the drug
Klacid is an antibacterial agent. Its active component in the form of clarithromycin is a substance of synthetic origin and belongs to the macrolide group. Klacid for angina in adults and adolescents is prescribed in tablet form. The capsules are round in shape and yellowish in color.
One pack contains 14 tablets. Instructions included. One tablet contains 250 or 500 milligrams of active ingredient. Additional components are also available.
Infants and preschool children are prescribed the medicine in the form of a suspension. The powder can be purchased at any pharmacy. It has a white color and a pleasant fruity smell. To prepare, the powder mass is mixed with cooled boiled water. 5 milliliters of syrup contain 125 and 250 milligrams of clarithromycin. Additional components are available in the form:
- povidone;
- carbomer;
- silicon dioxide;
- titanium dioxide;
- sucrose;
- castor oil;
- maltodextrin;
- xanthan gum;
- fruit flavoring;
- citric acid;
- hypromellose.
The powder is placed in a dark glass bottle with a volume of 100 milliliters. The set includes a measuring spoon and instructions for use.
If complicated purulent tonsillitis is observed, Klacid is prescribed for intravenous administration. This method of treatment is usually used in inpatient settings.
How to take for various forms of sinusitis?
"Klacid" is not a first-line drug for the treatment of sinusitis, but otorhinolaryngologists often prescribe it to their patients. This is explained by the ability of the drug to quickly penetrate into foci of infection and create a high concentration of the active substance in them.
Like any antibiotic, Klacid can only be prescribed by the attending physician, having calculated the individual dosage of the medicine. The tablets should be taken without chewing with water.
For adult patients, tablets are prescribed in a dosage of 250 mg, the dosage frequency is 2 times a day. In more severe cases, the single dose is increased to 500 mg. On average, the duration of treatment ranges from 5-6 to 14 days.
The granules are used to make a suspension for oral administration. They should be diluted only with water. Before taking, the suspension should be shaken so that the active components are evenly distributed in it.
The most common antibiotics for the treatment of otitis media
Treatment with antibiotics should be prescribed by a doctor, since they give a good result only in the case of otitis media of a bacterial nature. The most commonly used antibacterial agents are:
- Sumamed. It has a wide spectrum of action and is available in several forms (capsules, tablets, powder for suspension). Contraindicated in case of renal failure, individual intolerance, liver diseases associated with impaired liver function.
- Suprax. The medicine is highly safe and effective and is available in the form of a suspension and drops. The drug can remain in the body for a long time, so it is enough to take it once daily. Contraindicated in case of renal failure or individual intolerance.
- Dioxidine. The drug is strong and is prescribed when other medications do not work. Available in ointments and solutions. Despite the fact that it can only be used after 18 years of age, in some cases doctors prescribe it to children if there is such a need.
- Augmentin. The drug is a combination drug, including amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Available in tablets and powder for syrup. Must be taken three times daily.
- Flemoxin. It has a wide spectrum of action, the dosage is selected by the doctor taking into account the body weight and age of the child. Available in tablets.
- Amoxicillin. It has a wide spectrum of action and is available in tablets, capsules and suspensions for oral administration. It has some side effects and is contraindicated in case of individual intolerance, dysbacteriosis, liver failure, lymphocytic leukemia.
- Amoxiclav. A combination medicine approved for use even by newborns. Available in tablets and powder for suspension. Contraindicated in case of individual intolerance, hepatitis. The dosage is selected by the doctor taking into account body weight and age.
- Klacid. Effective for otitis, available in tablets, powders for suspension, lyophilisate for preparing solutions. It is allowed to take up to 2 weeks, the dosage is selected by the doctor. Possible undesirable effects, contraindicated in renal failure, lactose intolerance, severe liver failure, hypokalemia.
- Bactrim. It has a strong bactericidal effect and is safe for children. Available in the form of a suspension, it is contraindicated in severe renal failure and certain blood diseases.
- Cefpodoxime proxetil. Suitable for treating a child allergic to Amoxicillin. Available in tablets and powder for suspension. It has side effects and is contraindicated in case of individual intolerance and in children under 12 years of age.
The range of drugs is quite wide, but you need to know where otitis media is localized in children. If there is an acute form of the middle ear, then certain medications are prescribed, for chronic otitis media - others. Therefore, you cannot use these remedies yourself. Their improper use can cause not only an allergic reaction, but also more serious complications. Self-medication is strictly contraindicated.
It is impossible to say for sure which antibiotic is better. When prescribing, the doctor is guided by the form of the disease, the severity of the disease, and the characteristics of the baby’s body.
Treatment of otitis in children using antibiotics can lead to dysbiosis, so to prevent this condition it is necessary to take probiotics.
Use during pregnancy
Like any antibiotic, Klacid can be taken when the expected positive effect for the mother outweighs the potential risk for the fetus. This drug has shown negative effects on the fetus in clinical trials on animals. It is used when there is absolutely no alternative to treatment. If a woman finds out that she is pregnant while taking the drug, the doctor must notify her of the possible negative consequences of clarithromycin on the fetus.
Clarithromycin can also pass into breast milk, and the nature of its effect on the child has not been studied, therefore, during the period of therapy with Klacid, you should avoid breastfeeding with both native and expressed milk.
Indications for use for angina
Klacid is taken by both adults and children. The form of the drug is selected based on age. An antibiotic can only be used if the disease is accompanied by:
- the appearance of purulent plaque on the tonsils;
- high fever for three or more days;
- streptococcal, staphylococcal tonsillitis;
- severe pain in the throat;
- the development of serious complications in the throat, respiratory system, heart and kidneys.
Macrolides are prescribed to patients only when there is an allergic reaction to penicillins or there is no effect from cephalosporins.
Contraindications and side effects
"Klacid" is not indicated for all patients with bacterial sinusitis.
It is not a first-line drug for the treatment of sinusitis, therefore, if the patient has contraindications to taking such a medicine, it can be replaced with another antibiotic.
Contraindications to the use of "Klacida" are:
- hypersensitivity to clarithromycin or any other macrolide;
- intolerance to any component of the drug;
- pregnancy;
- breast-feeding;
- porphyria;
- liver diseases;
- renal failure;
- heart disease;
- hypokalemia.
Side effects from taking this medication may include:
- abdominal pain;
- diarrhea;
- nausea and vomiting;
- headache;
- incoming taste disturbances;
- temporary increase in the activity of liver transaminases.
Less commonly, this antibiotic causes allergies, candidiasis, heart muscle spasms, and muscle weakness. If pronounced side effects occur, you should contact your doctor so that he can discontinue the medicine and replace it with another drug.
Adverse reactions
If the drug Klacid is used incorrectly or if there is intolerance to its components, the following adverse reactions may occur:
- stomach ache,
- bowel disorders,
- nausea and vomiting,
- distortions of taste,
- candidiasis,
- loss of appetite,
- irritability, anxiety, nervousness,
- orientation disorders,
- dizziness,
- skin rash,
- increased sweating, etc.
Even one, the mildest and most insignificant side effect should be grounds for discontinuing Klacid and prescribing another antibiotic.
Interaction with other medications
The active substance included in Klacid is incompatible with a large number of drugs. "Klacid" should not be taken together with medications such as:
- Ergotamine and its derivatives;
- "Colchicine";
- "Lovastatin";
- "Cipraside";
- "Smvastin";
- "Astemizole";
- "Pimozide";
- "Terfenadine";
- "Ranolazine";
- Ticagrelor.
Therefore, the doctor must inform the doctor about all medications that the patient has to take for other diseases in order to avoid serious complications from drug interactions.
Adverse reactions of the body
Klacid is a low-toxic and non-allergenic (in most cases) drug. However, there is a risk of side effects. These include:
- upset stool, digestion;
- nausea, vomiting;
- skin rash, burning sensation;
- headaches;
- dizziness;
- hallucinations;
- drug-induced hepatitis.
If you notice any side effects after using Klacid, you should consult a doctor and stop taking the antibiotic. The patient's condition can be alleviated by removing the medication through vomiting. The doctor will select another antibacterial agent.
Hallucinations.
Analogues of "Klatsida"
If the cost of the drug seems high, or there is an intolerance to one of the ingredients of Klacida, it can be replaced with an analogue that has a similar effect. There is a large list of analogues of "Klatsid", which include:
- "Ecositrin";
- "Rovamyitsin";
- "Azitsin";
- "AzitRus";
- "Safocide";
- "Sumamed";
- "Sumamed forte" and others.
When choosing a substitute, you should always first consult with your doctor, since analogues may have different side effects that are not similar to the effects of the main drug. Before prescribing Klacid, the doctor identifies the patient’s individual intolerance to it, but this is extremely rare.
Klacid tablets 250 and 500 for adults instructions for use
The tablets are taken regardless of meals. It is advised to swallow it whole with a small amount of liquid. The dose of the medicine depends on the course of tonsillitis and some characteristics of the body.
If the inflammatory process is not accompanied by complications, then the daily volume is 500 milligrams. Therefore, the drug can be taken once, if the dosage of the tablet is 500 milligrams. Or divide it into two doses, but purchase the medicine with a dose of 250 milligrams.
When tonsillitis has caused complications in other organs, the daily volume of medication is increased to 1 gram. The duration of treatment is from 5 to 7 days. If there is no positive result within 2-3 days, you should visit the doctor again and replace the drug with another one.
