Antibiotics in tablets for bronchitis in adults

[Antibiotics for bronchitis] in adults are not the primary need for the treatment of this disease.

Therefore, an antibiotic should be prescribed for bronchitis in adults only after a full examination. When it becomes clear that the disease cannot be cured using non-drug methods.

[Bronchitis], this is the most common disease of the upper respiratory tract.

The disease occurs with equal frequency in both children and adults. In recent years, signs of chronic (recurrent) bronchitis have been diagnosed in more than half of adults who seek medical help in medical institutions.

This is largely due to the sharply deteriorating environmental situation. The dominance of cars, air pollution, non-compliance by industrial enterprises with environmental safety requirements.

Before you begin treatment for bronchitis, you should find out the cause that led to this disease. Because in many cases, a complete cure is impossible without eliminating the root cause.

Unfortunately, many doctors believe that an antibiotic taken for bronchitis in adults will not be superfluous.

And the patients themselves are very distrustful of specialists who advise not to take pills, but to drink more fluids and breathe fresh air.

According to the generally accepted opinion, bronchitis - drug treatment is a single whole..

Meanwhile, treating some forms of bronchitis with antibiotics can only hinder a quick recovery.

Bronchitis of viral origin can be easily cured without the use of any medications.

Treatment of this disease with antibiotics leads to the suppression of the patient’s immune system and the destruction of beneficial intestinal flora.

The most common concomitant of such treatment is dysbacteriosis and addiction to the medicine (after some time, bronchitis begins again, but the previously prescribed antibiotic no longer works).

[Acute form of bronchitis] is characterized by the appearance of an infected focus in the bronchi.

If before the onset of the disease the patient did not have any pulmonary pathologies, then it is more likely that the disease with bronchitis was caused by the penetration of viruses into the body. Depending on what pathogen causes the symptoms of the disease, treatment is carried out.

Important to know: How to treat cough with bronchitis in adults?

For viral etiology of the disease, treatment is carried out with antiviral drugs. Treatment of this type is simpler than other types of bronchial inflammation. The following medications are common:

• Cycloferon;
• Arbidol;
• Kagocel;
• Ergoferon.

For any etiology of the disease in adults, it is necessary to treat with mucolytic drugs that help the discharge of mucus (sputum):

• Acetylcysteine;
• Fluditek;
• Ambrohexal.

Treatment with these drugs speeds up the healing process, as they help speed up the cleansing of the bronchi.

If the temperature rises, treatment with antipyretics is recommended:

• Aspirin;
• Ibuprofen;
• Paracetamol.

If the disease is of an allergic nature, treatment is carried out with antihistamines:

• Cetrin;
• Suprastin;
• Zyrtec;
• Loratadine.

It is also important to stop exposing the body to the allergen.

If you have a dry, hacking cough, up to vomiting, you can treat for three days with antitussives:

• Sinecode;
• Codelac;
• Libexin.

When signs of obstruction appear in adults, drugs with bronchodilating effects are added to treatment:

• berodual;
• aminophylline;
• atrovent;
• Berotek.

Adults are not treated with antibiotics immediately after the onset of the disease. Immediate treatment with antibiotics is possible only if it is known for sure that the inflammation of the bronchi is caused by bacteria.

Antiviral drugs are usually prescribed initially, and antibiotics are prescribed only if treatment is ineffective.

More often, antibiotics are prescribed on the third or fourth day of the disease, when it is already clear that there is no positive dynamics.

Inflammation of the bronchi is treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. And it is better that antibiotics have a bactericidal (bacteria-killing) effect.

It is good if antibiotics are selected after sputum culture and the sensitivity of the bacteria is determined.

The following antibiotics are widely used:

• flemoclav;
• hemomycin;
• suprax;
• ceftriaxone.

Antibiotics can be prescribed in the form of tablets or injections. The method of administration is determined by the doctor.

Physiotherapy is indicated for the inflammatory process in the bronchi:

• electrophoresis on the chest area;
• inhalations with 0.9% saline; in the presence of bronchial obstruction, inhalations with Berodual are indicated; with hormonal drugs - pulmicort; to improve sputum discharge, lazolvan can be added to the saline solution;
• vibration drainage massage of the chest, avoiding the heart area;
• in the absence of elevated temperature, mustard plasters can be applied to the back, blood flow improves well;
• ultraviolet irradiation of the nasopharynx.

Important to know: How to treat asthmatic bronchitis

Drinking plenty of fluids during illness is beneficial.

This helps to quickly relieve intoxication and improves the process of sputum discharge.

To treat residual effects, in the form of a dry, rare cough, you can take:

• erespal;
• Stodal syrup.

All types of treatment must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist.

To prevent the development of this disease, the following can be recommended:

• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
• Prevent acute viral infections (flu vaccination; avoid crowded rooms during epidemics).
• Conduct timely and high-quality treatment of upper respiratory tract diseases.
• Hardening.
• Taking multivitamins in the autumn-winter period.

In most cases, a healthy immune system copes well with bronchitis. Full recovery occurs in about two weeks. Treatment is mainly symptomatic.

Drinking plenty of fluids, rest, and long walks in the fresh air are recommended. And you should not always take an antibiotic for bronchitis in adults.

Since bronchitis often manifests itself as a complication of the flu, measures should be taken to strengthen the immune system.

About the causative agents of bronchitis

The most common causative agents of bronchitis are:

• Staphylococcus aureus. The real scourge of humanity. Staphylococcus aureus is extremely contagious (infectious), has the ability to infect humans in different ways and create multilayered conglomerates. Treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics should be extremely careful, since incorrectly selected therapy will only strengthen the pathogen.
• Klebsiella. They cause sluggish forms of bronchitis with a blurred course.
• Viridans and hemolytic streptococci. They provoke the development of severe lung damage, along with staphylococci.
• Herpetic viruses of various types. Strain of the first type, second, third types, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus. Most often they provoke generalized damage to the entire body with the predominant involvement of one or another system in the process.
• Other viruses, including influenza and ARVI viruses.
• Sexually transmitted infections (somewhat less frequently, they provoke atypical forms of bronchitis).

It is necessary to be treated in a timely manner, since the main pathogens tend to penetrate deeper and deeper (descending path), provoking the development of pneumonia. Read more about its first signs here.

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How to determine which drug is needed?

Most often, the following medications are prescribed for bronchitis:

1. Aminopenicillins. These are penicillin derivatives that destroy bacterial and viral cells. Such drugs do not cause harm to the human body, but can lead to the development of an allergic reaction. The most popular of this line are Amoxiclav and Amoxicillin.
2. Fluoroquinolones. Medicines with a wide spectrum of action due to the fact that they tend to destroy the DNA of microbes. They are allowed to be prescribed long before infectious agents were discovered in bacteriological culture. But they can lead to the development of dysbiosis if the drugs are used incorrectly. Drugs in this group include Levofloxacin and Ofloxacin.
3. Macrolides. Medicines in this group block the formation of proteins in the cells of viruses and bacteria, thereby preventing them from developing and leading to their gradual death. Drugs in this group are prescribed when the patient has an allergic reaction to other drugs or has prolonged bronchitis. It is generally accepted that medications in this group are optimal for the treatment of chronic bronchitis. Medicines in this group include Azithromycin, Sumamed and Midecamycin.
4. Cephalosporins. The drug is aimed at slowing down protein synthesis in microbial cells. The result is a slowdown in the proliferation of bacterial cells and their death. These drugs are prescribed with caution because they often cause allergies. These include Cefazolin, Suprax, Ceftriaxone, Solutab.

At the initial stage of the fight against the disease, penicillin-type drugs are mainly prescribed. But if the patient develops an allergy or these drugs turn out to be ineffective, then drugs from other groups are selected.

Acute bronchitis is usually cured within 10 days. It is most often caused by viruses. Fever, malaise, fatigue and apathy may disappear within a few days, but the cough sometimes continues for several more weeks until the bronchial mucosa is restored.

However, these drugs become necessary if:

• hyperthermia lasts more than 5 days;
• a blood test showed an increase in leukocytes to 12,000 in 1 μl, ESR over 20 mm/h;
• there was shortness of breath, grunting breathing;
• sputum has acquired a green tint;
• severe weakness is felt.

Then the following antibiotics are prescribed for bronchitis in adults in tablets.

Broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic. Destroys the walls of harmful bacteria. “Adult” dose – 500 mg 3 times. in a day. Not suitable for patients with asthma, allergies, or those who are intolerant to penicillin.

Contraindications are liver failure, lymphocytic leukemia, dysbacteriosis and breastfeeding. Possible adverse reactions from the gastrointestinal tract, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, headache, convulsions.

Included in the group of macrolides, ABSS. Shows activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microbes. The standard dose is 500 mg three times a day. It is not recommended to use the medicine if there are problems with the liver and hypersensitivity to Josamycin. Undesirable consequences of treatment include rashes, nausea, bitterness in the mouth, and hearing loss.

Another representative of macrolides. Acts on streptococci, staphylococci, legionella, chlamydia, mycoplasma. Adults should take 3 million IU daily, 2 times a day. The medicine is prohibited for allergies, individual intolerance, liver pathologies, obstruction of the bile ducts.

A drug of the macrolide group. Disturbs protein synthesis in pathogenic bacteria. Treatment involves taking 500 mg of medication 4 times a day. per day. It should not be used for the treatment of acute bronchitis if the patient suffers from arrhythmia, renal and liver failure and does not tolerate the components of the drug.

During treatment with Erythromycin, unplanned reactions were observed (from the heart - ventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter; liver - cholestatic jaundice; pancreas - pancreatitis; gastrointestinal tract - diarrhea, dysbacteriosis, vomiting, abdominal pain; NS - hallucinations, confusion).

Only a doctor knows which antibiotic will help you recover. Considering that these are very serious medications that have an aggressive effect on the body, it is better not to take them without a prescription.

Aminopenicillins. First generation, first line drugs are aminopenicillins. Recommended antibiotics for bronchitis in adults. These are broad-spectrum drugs; they specifically recognize the cell wall of bacteria and destroy it, thereby not damaging the cells of the body. These medications have several disadvantages:

1. Frequent allergic reactions (in this case, drugs of a newer generation are prescribed);
2. They are destroyed by bacteria that have beta-lactamase.

Since the discovery of the first antibacterial drugs, bacteria have mutated many times and learned to “fight” against the drug. In particular, they acquired the enzyme beta-lactamase, which destroys drugs. Then it is necessary to take a course of aminopenicillins in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors.

Aminopenicillins are antibiotics for bronchitis. List of frequently used ones:

• Amoxicillin. A strong antibiotic against bronchitis against aerobic gram-positive, gram-negative microorganisms, several strains of salmonella, shigella and klebsiella, Helicobacter pylori. Contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity, infectious mononucleosis. During pregnancy, it is prescribed if the risk to the mother exceeds the risk to the fetus, with caution during breastfeeding. The doctor determines which dose is best for the patient and will be effective. Adverse reactions are possible in the form of nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, overexcitement, headaches, joint pain and others. The average price for the tablet form is from 63 to 380 rubles, for the capsule form from 60 to 93 rubles;
• Amoxiclav. Contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, that is, it inhibits the action of bacterial beta-lactamases, while affecting their vital functions. Contraindicated in case of individual intolerance, lymphocytic leukemia, infectious mononucleosis, or liver dysfunction caused by a history of taking this medication. The course of treatment is from 5 days to two weeks. The effective dose volume is determined by the doctor depending on age, weight, severity of the disease, and kidney function. The average price of a tablet drug is from 220 rubles. up to 380 rub.;
• Augmentin also contains penicillin and a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Not recommended during pregnancy, allowed during breastfeeding. Side effects such as candidiasis often occur. The dosage is selected individually. The price of Augmentin ranges from 250 to 370 rubles.

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Macrolides are second-line antibiotics for bronchitis. Macrolides suppress protein synthesis in bacterial cells, which means they cannot reproduce. This group of new generation drugs is effective even for non-specific pathogens.

List of drugs:

• Azithromycin is an antibiotic for bronchitis from the macrolide group. In case of impaired liver and kidney function, arrhythmias, it is contraindicated. Possible side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, diarrhea, flatulence and others. The doctor determines what doses should be taken for a particular patient based on individual indications. Price from 30 to 90 rubles;
• Midecamycin. Contraindicated during breastfeeding, severe liver failure, and individual intolerance. Prescribed 400 mg 3 times a day, maximum dose 1600 mg. The duration of therapy is from a week to 10 days. Average cost 220 rubles;
• Chemomycin. Use before meals 1 time per day. For adults, a dose of 500 mg is prescribed for three days. Contraindicated in case of renal and liver failure, during lactation. The average cost is from 260 to 290 rubles.

Fluoroquinolones are drugs of the 1st, 2nd and new 3rd and 4th generations, such as levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin. They are needed in the treatment regimen when first- and second-line drugs cause allergic reactions.

They inhibit enzymes in bacterial DNA synthesis, producing a bactericidal effect. Allergic manifestations are often possible. It is better to take probiotics during treatment, otherwise dysbiosis is possible. The doctor will prescribe which drug is best for the patient.

Antibiotics for bronchitis - fluoroquinolones:

• Levofloxacin. Not suitable for use by persons under 18 years of age. Use with caution in patients with central nervous system diseases. Dosages are determined individually from 250-750 mg once a day. The course of treatment is from 1 to 2 weeks. Price from 200 to 530 rubles;
• Moxifloxacin. Does not apply to persons under 18 years of age. Adverse reactions are possible in the form of headaches, drowsiness, tachycardia, rash, arthritis and others. Prescribe 400 mg once a day. The duration of treatment is individual. The average price is 700 rubles.

Cephalosporins are antibiotics for bronchitis from a reserve treatment regimen. They are used if the patient is allergic to the three previous groups of drugs or requires complex treatment for a protracted form.

List of commonly used drugs:

• Cefazolin. First generation drug. Contraindicated for children under 1 month of age and breastfeeding. The dosage is selected individually and administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Average price 30 rubles;
• Ceftriaxone. The drug is a new third generation. Contraindicated for gastrointestinal diseases, hyperbilirubinemia in newborns, and for premature infants. Administered intramuscularly or intravenously, dosage 1-2 g once a day. Price for one bottle is from 30 to 50 rubles.

In order to find out which antibiotics for bronchitis in adults and children will be effective, there is a sputum test to isolate the pathogen and determine its sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.

This analysis allows you to accurately determine what will be effective. Often it is practically not used, since its duration is approximately five days; the doctor simply prescribes broad-spectrum drugs.

Indications for the use of antibiotics

Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults are not always indicated. The reasons for using antibacterial agents are as follows:

• Infectious and inflammatory lesions of the bronchial tree. This is the case when the use of antibacterial drugs is necessary immediately. Because we are talking about dangerous pathogens.
• Fungal bronchitis. Antibiotics are prescribed as adjuvant therapy to prevent secondary infection of the tissues of the lower respiratory tract.
• Severe bronchitis of any origin. Since during the disease the lungs and bronchi become “easy prey” for pathogenic flora, prophylactic use of broad-spectrum antibacterial pharmaceuticals is required.

For allergic bronchitis, the prescription of antibiotics is unjustified in most cases. The use of antihistamines and bronchodilators is required.

Acute bronchitis (a cough that lasts up to three weeks, often after an acute respiratory viral infection or the flu) is almost always caused by viruses. Therefore, taking antibacterial agents in this case is ineffective (except in cases of risk of serious complications). Therapy of this form primarily involves the relief of symptoms, for which mucolytic drugs and expectorants are prescribed.

Treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics in adults is effective only if the pathology is of bacterial origin. Their use in the treatment of diseases of viral etiology will do more harm than good.

Antibiotics for chronic bronchitis in adults

Chronic bronchitis is a severe and long-term disease. The disease then attacks a person, but recedes, giving the imaginary appearance of recovery. With prolonged bronchitis during relapses with a painful cough, fever, severe shortness of breath, you cannot do without antibiotics .

Important! Doctors say that the chances of getting rid of prolonged bronchitis without taking antibiotics are zero.

Taking advantage of the fact that antibiotics can be purchased without a prescription, many people frivolously prescribe treatment for themselves.

And they suffer a complete fiasco in the fight against chronic bronchitis, adding new health problems to themselves. The intervention of strong drugs is not always required.

Antibiotics in the treatment of chronic bronchitis are necessary only in the following cases:

1. In the event of a bacterial infection . This is evidenced by a deterioration in health 4-5 days after the end of the relapse. A sharp rise in temperature and the presence of purulent streaks in the sputum.
2. If the patient's age exceeds 60 years . This is a time when the immune system is already significantly weakened, and chronic bronchitis is particularly severe, especially during exacerbations.
3. When bronchitis develops after infectious diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae, staphylococci or pneumococci.

But even with clear indications for a course of antibiotic therapy, the physician takes into account additional factors that become an obstacle to taking potent medications:

• lactation period;
• first trimester pregnancy;
• renal and liver failure.

Principles of treatment

The basic principles of admission are as follows:

• First of all, you need to remember. Antibacterial agents should never be taken independently. All medications and their names are prescribed only by a doctor and only after objective research has been completed. By ignoring this rule, the patient risks making his own pathogenic microflora many times stronger. In addition, the resistance (resistance) of microorganisms to pharmaceuticals increases.
• By eye, as they say, not a single specialist would risk prescribing antibacterial pharmaceuticals. This is unprofessional and dangerous for the patient himself, since the flora often develops immunity to the drug. An analysis of sputum is required, sowing it on nutrient media, as well as determining the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics. In addition, it is important to conduct PCR and ELISA diagnostics. The culprit of the pathogenic condition may be a virus.
• You must strictly follow the instructions.
• It is important to approach treatment thoroughly. Antibiotics alone are usually not enough. It requires the inclusion of anti-inflammatory drugs, antipyretic drugs, immunomodulators, prebiotics to protect the gastrointestinal tract and others.

Thus, it becomes clear that the diagnosis of “bronchitis” does not always imply the use of antibiotics.

When you can't do without antibiotics

Antibiotics are prescribed only if the patient has the following symptoms:

• Body temperature does not drop below 38 degrees for 3 days;
• The sputum contains impurities of pus or blood streaks;
• A complete blood count shows an increased number of leukocytes, as well as a high level of ESR;
• There is a strong cough for a long time;
• The patient complains of pain in the chest and lungs.

The selection of antibiotics should be made strictly by a specialist. To do this, the patient first needs to undergo a sputum test, the results of which will make it clear which pathogen provoked the disease and which antibiotic should be taken or injected.

If mild medications do not help with treatment, stronger ones are prescribed. Only the doctor decides which antibiotics to choose depending on the situation. These medications should be taken strictly at the same time every day.

List of groups of antibacterial drugs

What antibiotics to take for bronchitis in adults? Treatment is determined by the following groups of antimicrobial drugs.

• Tetracyclines. Names: Tetracycline, Metacycline, Doxycycline (trade name Unidox Solutab), Minocycline, Demeclocycline.

Outdated drugs with complex, broad effects.

They are prescribed only and exclusively when the sensitivity of a microorganism to a given group of antibacterial agents is detected.

Contraindications: problems with the gastrointestinal tract, severe blood diseases, a history of allergies to tetracyclines. Side effects are multiple and severe, so prescribing tetracyclines is a last resort.

• Fluoroquinolones. Names: Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin.

The most powerful antibacterial agents. They make it possible to cope with severe forms of bronchitis. Destroy all types of pathogens and infectious viral agents. Uncontrolled use in tuberculosis is contraindicated: only fluoroquinolones can “pacify” Koch’s bacillus, so you should not resort to this group without the consent of your doctor. There is only one main contraindication - allergies.

• Cephalosporins. Names: Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin, Cephalexin. Antibiotics with the widest possible spectrum of action. Kills most microorganisms. Weak effect on viruses.
• Macrolides. Names: Sumamed, Macropen. Narrow-spectrum antibacterial agents. They are used specifically for the treatment of bronchitis and pneumonia. They destroy the DNA of microorganisms, making their reproduction impossible.
• Penicillins. Names: Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Arlet. The most common antibiotics for bronchitis. Prescribed if the flora is sensitive to the active substance. They destroy the cell walls of bacteria, causing their death.

In most cases, these groups of drugs are prescribed. The specific names needed specifically in your case are selected only and exclusively by a doctor.

Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults, the names of which are given above, are used only in extreme cases and with great caution. This is the only way to count on a positive prognosis for the course of the disease.

Bronchitis, its types and treatment

Treatment of chronic bronchitis with antibiotics in adults is a common practice. In contrast to the acute form, in the recurrent form the case almost never goes without “impact” therapy in the form of these drugs. The main ones are:

• macrolides – Macropen, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Summed. They have a detrimental effect on a large number of bacteria, so they can be prescribed empirically - without preliminary examination of sputum. Rarely cause side effects;
• penicillins - Amoxiclav, Flemoxin, Panclave, Augmentin, Solutab. The listed medications are leaders in the frequency of prescriptions for chronic inflammatory process in the bronchi. Their advantage is a small number of contraindications and a low likelihood of complications. Minus - penicillins do not cope with advanced forms of the disease;
• cephalosporins. These are new antibiotics for bronchitis in adults. The names of such drugs are Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone. Injections can be performed intramuscularly, intravenously and in the form of droppers. They produce a strong effect, but, unfortunately, can provoke many side effects. Only a doctor prescribes injections and dosage! They are administered after testing for drug tolerance. The drugs are available in powder form, which is diluted with lidocaine or injection water before use. The maximum daily dosage for patients over 12 years of age is 4g;
• fluoroquinolones. Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ciprofloxacin. Designed specifically to combat bronchial diseases. Unexpected reactions are observed in patients extremely rarely. These medications are prescribed only in situations where the causative agents of the disease are not susceptible to other antibacterial agents.

Today, there are various groups of antibacterial drugs. Let's look at a brief description of the most commonly used representatives and the frequency of their intake in tablets for bronchitis.

The most popular group of antibacterial drugs. Effective for various diseases of bacterial etiology. A typical representative is Amoxicillin.

Has a wide spectrum of bactericidal action. It is used for diseases caused by staphylococcus, streptococcus and other bacteria sensitive to this antibiotic. Dosage 500 mg. Take for bronchitis 2 times a day (daily dosage - 1g) for 5 to 7 days.

They are used in the treatment of bacterial infections that are insensitive to the action of penicillin, as well as in people with allergic reactions to penicillin antibiotics. As a rule, cephalosporins are used parenterally, but there are also tablet forms of the drug. The generation of a cephalosporin directly determines its antibacterial activity.

1st generation - gonococci, meningococci, streptococci, staphylococci.

2nd generation - more active against gram-negative bacteria.

3rd generation – gram-positive cocci, gram-negative cocci and rods.

Fourth generation oral cephalosporins have not yet been invented.

Single dose for adults for bronchitis: 250 - 500 mg. The frequency of administration is 4 times a day. Course duration is 5 - 7 days.

The daily dose for adults is 750 mg. It is better to divide the dose into 3 doses. The maximum daily dose is 4 g. Take tablets for 5-7 days.

For adults and children over 10 years old with bronchitis, take 400 mg tablets once a day for 7 days.

Antibiotics that are active against most gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes that are resistant to penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics. Presented on the pharmaceutical market only as solutions for parenteral administration.

Macrolides

For bronchitis, adults take 500 mg 4 times a day for 5 days.

Take 300 mg of antibiotic once a day for 5 - 7 days.

It is recommended to take the drug 250 - 500 mg 2 times a day for 7 days. The maximum daily dose is 1 g.

For bronchitis, take the drug according to the following regimen: the first day - 500 mg 1 time per day, then every subsequent day 0.25 mg 1 time per day.

Adults take 500 mg of antibiotic 3 times a day. Be sure to ensure compliance with the frequency of administration.

Tetracyclines

They are characterized by a high degree of antibacterial activity and a wide spectrum of action.

The most commonly used representative is Doxycycline.

For bronchitis, adults drink 100 mg 2 times a day. The maximum dose per day is 400 mg. It is imperative to take an antibiotic only as prescribed by a doctor, who knows how many times a day it is better to take the drug for bronchitis, and what the side effects of taking it may be in your case.

Aminoglycosides

Tablet forms of antibiotics for bronchitis are prescribed by a doctor individually.

The question of which antibiotics are better and how many days it is necessary to treat bronchitis can only be answered by a professional and competent specialist.

These are the main antibiotics that are more active against bacterial infections than others. Many of them are presented in the form of tablets that must be taken with water. This application is very convenient and is used mainly in the initial stages of bronchitis.

It is better to treat bronchitis comprehensively, and, in addition to antibacterial therapy, it is necessary to include immunomodulators, vitamins, and inhalations with herbal extracts. Children can undergo drainage massage to improve the outflow of mucus from the upper respiratory tract.

Do not forget about preventing the development of dysbiosis, because antibiotics kill not only pathogenic bacteria, but also beneficial bacteria living in the human intestines. In order to avoid the development of dysbiosis, probiotics are prescribed in parallel with taking an antibacterial drug. The most popular and effective are: Linex, Bifiform, Lactofiltrum, Bifidobacterin.

In any case, no matter what methods of treating bronchitis you use, you must consult a doctor in order to avoid aggravation of the process and the occurrence of complications that are dangerous to health and life.

Bronchitis is a pathological inflammatory process in the respiratory tract and bronchi, in which the lumen of the latter narrows. The disease is also characterized by cough and sputum.

The causes of bronchitis are:

• Viral infections;
• Flu;
• Cold;
• Tonsillitis.
• Sinusitis;
• Bacterial infections;
• Genetic predisposition;
• Prolonged exposure to cold, excessively humid air;
• Prolonged exposure to air saturated with chemical components (regular and cigarette smoke, ammonia, carbon monoxide)

Depending on the symptoms of the disease, bronchitis is divided into three forms:

1. Acute – caused by viruses. Antibiotic treatment is prescribed only for bacterial infection of the respiratory tract. In this case, penicillin antibiotics are used for treatment. The most used in this case are drugs that contain amoxicillin - this is a modern synthetic protected penicillin that is semi-synthetic. Its antibacterial activity is supported by clavulanic acid. Amoxicillin is included in “Augmentin”, available in the form of film-coated tablets, “Flemoxin”, available in tablets and suspensions, as well as “Amoxilav”, available both in the form of tablets and in the form of a powder intended for self-preparation of a suspension. If the patient is intolerant to penicillin drugs, the drug Azithromycin, which belongs to the group of macrolides, is prescribed. The drug is available in the form of film-coated tablets, capsules, powder for the preparation of suspensions, and also in the form of injections for intramuscular administration.
2. Chronic – treated with antibiotics only during exacerbation. In order to prevent exacerbations, taking antibiotics will have the opposite effect. Treatment with antibiotics for this form of bronchitis is always necessary in cases of inflammation of the bronchi, accompanied by the discharge of purulent sputum. Penicillin drugs will be ineffective in this case. For treatment, antibacterial drugs of the cephalosporin group are prescribed (Ceftriaxone, available in injections). As well as drugs from the fluoroquinolone group (“Levofloxacin”, “Ciprofloxacin”), produced in ampoules and intended for intramuscular injection.
3. Obstructive – characterized by the occurrence of a severe cough with sputum, impaired ventilation, bronchial spasms and shortness of breath. The cause is a bacterial infection. It is treated with aminopenicillin antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Ampicillin), as well as macrolides (Sumamed) and fluoroquinols (Levomycytin). "Sumamed" can be prescribed to children; for each age, the drug is available in different dosages and has a pleasant strawberry taste.

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If bronchitis is accompanied by pneumonia, Cefazolin can be prescribed for treatment - it belongs to a new generation of antibiotics, a group of cephalosporides. The drug is available in powder form, intended for further dilution and intravenous or intramuscular injections.

Reception features

Most antibacterial drugs have an effect on the infection within a few hours. But it is important to complete the entire course of treatment to prevent recurrence of the disease.

• Stopping the medication before the end of the course is dangerous because there is a possibility that bacteria will develop resistance to the antibiotic. In the case of fluoroquinolones (and they are the only ones that act on Koch's bacillus), this will mean a death sentence for the patient. Even if you feel better, you must complete the course of treatment to the end.
• Some antibiotics should not be consumed with certain foods and drinks. Others should be taken on an empty stomach - usually an hour before a meal or 2 hours after a meal. It is imperative that patients follow the instructions correctly for the medicine to be effective.
• Dairy products should not be consumed while taking tetracyclines as they may interfere with the absorption of the drug, leading to bacterial resistance.
• Individuals taking antibiotics should not take other medications or herbal remedies without consulting a doctor. Over-the-counter medications may also interact with antibiotics.

Antibiotic analogue

If the cause of bronchitis is staphylococcus, mycobacteria, brucella, or salmonella, instead of an antibiotic, a specialist may prescribe Bisseptol Solutab. This drug has a good bacteriostatic effect.

"Bisseptol solutab" belongs to the combined antibacterial agents of the sulfonamide group. Its components prevent further proliferation of pathological bacteria in the body. This drug has a more gentle effect on the body compared to antibiotics.

"Bisseptol Solutab" is prescribed for acute bronchitis, severe with sinusitis, pneumonia or lung abscess. The drug is contraindicated for use by pregnant women, as well as during breastfeeding. This drug is one of the cheapest, and its price is about 35-45 rubles.

Side effects and allergic reactions

Antibiotics should be used with extreme caution in persons:

1. with reduced liver or kidney function;
2. pregnant women;
3. nursing;

Treating bronchitis with antibiotics can cause a severe allergic reaction—especially to penicillins. Reactions can be either immediate or delayed.

Common symptoms include: rash, swelling of the tongue and face, and difficulty breathing. Side effects can be very serious and sometimes fatal - these are called anaphylactic reactions.

When are antibiotics needed? — Dr. Komarovsky