Symptoms and treatment of sinusitis in children, causes and diagnosis

In spring or autumn, every child with a weakened immune system is exposed to various colds, including sinusitis. Statistics say that every fifth child suffers from sinusitis in the autumn-spring period. Parents may not suspect such a disease in their children, attributing everything to a common runny nose or cold. But in fact, sinusitis is a serious problem leading to serious consequences. In this article we will talk about the first signs of sinusitis in a child, diagnostic methods, and how to treat it at home.

What is sinusitis and why is it dangerous for children?
Causes and mechanism of development
Forms and symptoms of the disease
Which doctor should you contact?
Diagnostics
How to cure sinusitis in a child Antibiotics
Vasoconstrictors
Antiallergic drugs
Physiotherapy
Puncture

Is it possible to use folk remedies?

Preventive actions

Symptoms

It is typical for rhinosinusitis that its manifestations begin after 7-10 days. The symptoms are similar to infectious diseases, which arose as a primary pathology. The main features include:

Complete or partial nasal congestion, which is accompanied by discomfort.
Severe headache, from which even analgesics often do not help.
Increased body temperature.
Nasal discharge. They have a thick consistency, and the color can be white, yellow-green or even brown .
Impaired sense of smell.
Cough, which is explained by the flow of mucus down the back wall of the nasopharynx.
Painful sensations that are localized in the cheek area, as well as above the eyebrows.

Acute rhinosinusitis

Acute rhinosinusitis in childhood is characterized by the manifestation of pronounced signs of the disease. The first symptoms will be the child's lethargy and headache . Then the body temperature rises to 39 0C or more. Acute rhinosinusitis in children is also manifested by swelling of the face - in the area of the nose, forehead and eyelids. In addition, with acute rhinosinusitis, the child becomes capricious and sleeps poorly.

During an acute process, bacteria actively multiply, which means that they spread to neighboring sinuses. If the inflammatory process has spread to both sides, the manifestation is more pronounced and the treatment will take longer.

Acute rhinosinusitis can be divided into several types:

purulent;
catarrhal

Acute purulent rhinosinusitis in children is characterized by an inflammatory process in the sinuses and anastomosis. At the same time, as a result of the activation of bacteria, pus accumulates in the paranasal sinuses, the anastomosis is swollen, which makes it difficult for it to exit. The main symptoms will be fever up to 40 0C, severe headache and in the face. With acute purulent rhinosinusitis, children may experience toothache or ear pain. There may also be pain in the eyes and back of the head if the child leans forward.

Purulent rhinosinusitis in children is divided into several types, this division depends on the localization of the inflammatory process. Its types are sinusitis (damage to the maxillary sinuses), frontal sinusitis (damage to the frontal sinuses), ethmoiditis (inflammation of the ethmoid sinuses), sphenoiditis (pus collects in the sphenoid sinus). The symptoms are also similar, only the pain is localized in different places. With sinusitis, pain occurs in the cheek area, and it intensifies when turning the head; in a calm state, the child may complain of discomfort in the cheeks. Frontal sinusitis is characterized by pain in the forehead, and with ethmoiditis, a nasal voice is also added. Inflammation of the sphenoid sinus is manifested by dull pain that dissipates.

Acute catarrhal rhinosinusitis is characterized by severe swelling . First, the inflammation is localized in the nasal passages, and then affects the sinuses. The symptoms of this rhinosinusitis are less pronounced, and the manifestations are similar to a common runny nose during a cold. Quite often, when this stage occurs, there is no nasal discharge at all. Characteristic symptoms for catarrhal rhonasinusitis are lacrimation, burning sensation and frequent dryness in the nose. The child will also complain of headaches and parents may experience sleep disturbances.

How to detect sinusitis in time

Acute sinusitis affects children of different age groups, even newborns are affected. In older children, it is somewhat easier to determine it, since they can already tell, or at least show where it hurts.

Symptoms of sinusitis in babies

In infants, it is much more difficult to detect the disease in time. They often do not have typical subjective signs, but experience lethargy and fatigue due to intoxication. Be sure to pay attention to these warning signs:

The child refuses to eat and cries during feeding. It is possible that he has a stuffy nose and difficulty breathing. Although your throat may hurt.
In his sleep, the baby often throws himself up and cries because he cannot breathe.
Body temperature is elevated, although the child is dressed appropriately.
The baby is lethargic and capricious.

Acute sinusitis often occurs in children when they are teething. Therefore, an examination by a pediatrician is mandatory , even if the parents are completely sure that the problem lies in the appearance of the first teeth.

Signs of sinusitis of various etiologies

In addition, the symptoms of sinusitis are very variable and depend on which particular paranasal sinus is affected. The most severe cases are polysinusitis and pansinusitis.

Sinusitis can also be:

open (discharge enters the nasal cavity);
closed (the communication between the affected sinus and the nose is disrupted).

One or more paranasal sinuses may be affected. In 80% of cases in children, inflammation begins in the ethmoid sinus (ethmoiditis). Often the purulent process spreads into the maxillary sinus, since they have a common bone wall and the excretory orifices are located closely.

From 6–7 years of age in children, sinusitis occurs in the frontal sinus (frontal sinusitis). But in the sphenoid and posterior cells of the ethmoid labyrinth, inflammation rarely occurs, since these cavities are just forming.

Signs of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses depend on the severity of the disease and where exactly the inflammatory process began.

Acute ethmoiditis in a newborn. The disease develops quickly, the temperature rises to 39–40 0C, the baby becomes restless, vomiting and regurgitation. Although in the first hours there is no nasal discharge.
Secondary ethmoiditis. It occurs in an extremely severe form, complications arise on the 2nd–3rd day of the disease. It manifests itself as eye symptoms (swelling of the eyelids, the eyeball is motionless), and impaired nasal breathing.
Ethmoiditis in older children. Develops more slowly. General symptoms predominate (fever, toxicosis), the inner corner and eyelid of the eye on the affected side swell, and purulent mucus is discharged into the nasal passage. Complications (cellulitis and orbital abscess) appear on the 5th day.
Sinusitis. Most often occurs in children aged 4–6 years. In the catarrhal form, the diagnosis of ARVI is often made. Manifested by irritability, fatigue, poor sleep, cough. Hemorrhagic, necrotic or purulent sinusitis in a child is severe. The patient complains of pain and heaviness in the area of the affected sinus, nasal breathing and sense of smell are impaired, mucopurulent discharge appears, sometimes with blood.
Frontit. It's very difficult. The patient complains of constant headache, insensitivity to smells, lacrimation, photophobia. Purulent mucus is released from the nose, and body temperature rises significantly.
Sphenoiditis. It manifests itself as a sharp headache in the back of the head, sometimes in the eye sockets, less often in the crown of the head. The nose is stuffy, the sense of smell is reduced, but there is no discharge, as it flows into the nasopharynx.

Symptoms of sinusitis complications

Due to its main feature - the predominance of general symptoms, the discrepancy between the signs of the severity of the lesion - sinusitis is very dangerous because:

In infants and young children, the disease occurs in a severe form, and it is very difficult to identify sinusitis, since general symptoms (fatigue, fever, signs of intoxication) prevail over local ones (nasal discharge, difficulty breathing).
Due to the vagueness of local symptoms, children are often treated for other diseases (infectious, ophthalmological, dental, neuropathological).
Latent flow. Acute sinusitis is often diagnosed when complications arise due to the disease.
The younger the child, the more severe the disease..

It is necessary to treat sinusitis as soon as possible, and not only because in children it is severe. The most dangerous form of the disease is the latent form, when there are almost no symptoms, but complications develop quickly if therapy is not started:

meningitis;
brain abscess;
sepsis;
neuritis, optic nerve atrophy (leads to blindness).

These consequences significantly complicate the patient's condition. Appears:

severe headache;
vomit;
change in heart rate;
heat;
blackout and delirium.

On the 5th–6th day the child may die. But before treating sinusitis in children, it is necessary to consult a pediatrician; only a doctor can prescribe an adequate and effective therapeutic course.

Forms

Acute rhinosinusitis is divided into 3 main forms:

light;
moderate severity;
heavy.

In mild forms, rhinosinusitis in a child occurs without high body temperature (does not exceed 37.5 0C) . At the same time, there are still no accumulations of mucus in the paranasal sinuses. With acute rhinosinusitis of moderate severity, the child will experience migraines, and pain in the cheeks and nose occurs only with pressure. The temperature at this stage is above 37.5 0C. There is mucus in the sinuses, and darkening will be visible on the X-ray image.

Severe rhinosinusitis is dangerous due to complications. The symptoms are pronounced - swelling of the eyelids and cheeks, weakness in the body. Body temperature reaches high levels, which further worsens the child’s well-being. An X-ray with severe rhinosinusitis will show complete darkening .

Chronic rhinosinusitis

The chronic course of rhinosinusitis begins if there is no correct treatment for the acute form of the disease. In this case, the signs are less pronounced:

persistent nasal congestion and impaired sense of smell;
increase in body temperature to small levels from 37.0 0 to 37.5 0C, it increases more often in the evening;
systemic headaches;
scanty nasal discharge, sometimes completely absent;
nasal voice;
discomfort and heaviness in the area of the inflamed sinus;
frequent lacrimation.

The chronic form of the disease manifests itself if the child’s acute rhinosinusitis is not treated correctly or the therapy is incomplete. Also, with curvatures and anomalies of the nasal septum, a chronic process and allergies and dental infections can develop .

Signs of the disease

Each type of sinusitis has its own specific symptoms. In the acute course of the disease, a profuse runny nose occurs, the nasal passages completely stop passing air, and the temperature rises sharply. Common signs of sinusitis in children also include:

weakness, apathy, irritability, tearfulness;
swelling of the cheeks and other facial tissues;
tearfulness and fear of light;
shooting headaches that can radiate to the eyes, gums, cheekbones;
purulent nasal discharge;
cough in the morning, purulent sputum.

Severe symptoms are observed in acute cases; chronic sinusitis may not manifest itself at all.

If a child has no symptoms of sinusitis, but a doctor diagnoses chronic inflammation, treatment should not be neglected. Constant pressure in the sinuses can cause a deviated septum and partial or complete loss of smell. Chronic sinusitis requires adequate therapy under the supervision of a specialist.

Minor signs of the disease include bad breath, increased fatigue, and mucous discharge from the nose. Signs of sinusitis in a child with sinusitis expand due to additional symptoms: a feeling of fullness in the forehead and cheeks, increasing pain when tilting the head, intense pain when pressing.

Allergic and vasomotor rhinosinusitis

Signs of allergic-type rhinosinusitis quite often appear before ARVI, and they may also have a parallel course.
Symptoms of this type of rhinosinusitis include itching, a burning sensation in the nasal passages, and the child will often sneeze .

Nasal discharge is most often clear.

With allergic rhinosinusitis, it is important to determine which irritant provokes it. This is important when prescribing treatment.

Vasomotor rhinosinusitis quite often occurs in children aged 5 to 7 years . The reason for this condition is a decrease in the tone of the vessels that are located in the nose. A characteristic feature of this condition is the fact that the manifestations of the pathology change. This is affected by psycho-emotional stress, hypothermia, etc.

What is sinusitis

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of one or more sinuses is called sinusitis. The disease is triggered by viruses and bacteria, and is often exacerbated by a weakened immune system. Sinusitis is a complication of influenza, ARVI, colds, and appears when there is a deviated nasal septum or polyps in the nasal passages.

Features of inflammation in children

According to statistics, this diagnosis develops in 18 out of 1000 adolescents aged 12–17 years, in 22 out of 1000 people under the age of 7 years. Children's immunity is not fully formed, and the sinuses of the nose have their own design features.

The pathogenesis of sinusitis in adults and children is different. This is due to the structural features of the paranasal sinuses. In patients under 4 years of age, the anastomosis is narrowed, the maxillary sinuses are close to the meninges. The disease occurs in a complicated form; specific symptoms are caused by unformed sinuses.

Why is sinusitis dangerous for a child?

Parents do not start treatment for a long time, confusing sinusitis with signs of a classic cold. Inflammation spreads to the organs of vision and the brain. This is fraught with disability and death. Delayed therapy is one of the reasons for the occurrence of such health complications:

chronic sinusitis;
sinus thrombosis;
otitis media;
thrombophlebitis, sinus thrombosis;
phlegmon of the orbit;
neuritis of the facial, optic nerve;
bronchial asthma;
encephalitis;
meningitis;
brain sepsis;
inflammation of the bones of the skull.

Treatment

Before prescribing drug therapy, appropriate diagnostics should be carried out. Rhinoscopy will be effective in this case . In this case, the doctor can assess the severity of swelling of the mucous membrane, as well as diffuse stagnation of hyperemia.

Anemization of the mucous membrane of the nasal passages is also carried out. This is done with adrenaline or oxymetazoline; after the procedure, pathological changes will decrease. Such procedures are performed extremely rarely on children.

They also do a nasal swab, but this method is ineffective. The most accurate study is a puncture from the inflamed sinus. In this case, the doctor will understand what the contents of the sinuses are. Children most often undergo endoscopic examination, since it is designed for narrow nasal passages, ultrasound and x-rays. In severe cases, a CT scan is required.

After a thorough diagnosis, the child will be prescribed treatment, which consists of several main aspects:

nasal rinsing;
anti-inflammatory drugs;
antihistamine therapy;
antibacterial therapy (prescribed to children in minimal doses);
physiotherapeutic procedures and inhalations.

Therapeutic therapy for acute rhinosinusitis

If the disease is mild, then antibacterial drugs are not prescribed. All therapy includes restorative drugs. Children may additionally be prescribed folk remedies.

Already with manifestations of rhinosinusitis of moderate and severe forms, there are more drugs. It is imperative to use local medications, that is, vasoconstrictor drops and sprays . This is necessary to reduce the appearance of swelling of the mucous membrane and reduce nasal discharge. Such drugs are indicated for use for 5-7 days; after that, their use is prohibited, as they can provoke hypertrophy of the mucous membrane. And besides, dependence on these drops may occur.

Analgesics and antipyretics are also important. Since at this stage the child will have an increase in body temperature. For children, these drugs are prescribed in the form of syrups.

If acute rhinosinusitis is bacterial in nature, then prescribing antibiotics is a prerequisite. They are selected according to bacterial culture; it is important which pathogen provoked rhinosinusitis. There may be situations when antibiotics are prescribed before culture results are available. Therefore, the bacterium may be insensitive to this antibacterial substance:

Most often, antibiotics of the penicillin or cephalosporin group are prescribed for rhinosinusitis. If the prescribed drug does not have the desired effect on the third day of treatment, it is replaced. Only a doctor should select all medications.
If penicillins and cephalosporins are ineffective, macrolides may be prescribed . Such drugs are not recommended for use by children, as they negatively affect cartilage tissue, which is still developing. Therefore, they are prescribed extremely rarely before the age of 16.

Most often, antibacterial drugs are prescribed in the form of a solution for intramuscular administration, but for the treatment of children, drugs can be prescribed in the form of suspensions or tablets that dissolve in water.

A common symptom in children with rhinosinusitis is cough. Therefore, mucolytics may be prescribed. Additionally, antihistamines are needed; they help reduce swelling of the mucous membrane. And for allergic rhinosinusitis, they are simply necessary.

For any type of sinusitis, it is necessary to increase the child’s immunity. Doctors prescribe special medications for this. Inhalations for children will also be effective. Only a doctor will give recommendations on how and how much to use.

For rhinosinusitis, rinsing the nasal passages is recommended. For this, both salt water and a solution with furatsilin can be used.

UFO and UHF are also used. These procedures are used only at the recovery stage, that is, for recovery.

If a puncture is performed for purulent rhinosinusitis, the doctor first pumps out the pus from the sinus, and then rinses it. At the same time, an antiseptic solution is introduced. The puncture site heals quickly, within a few days, and there is no particular discomfort.

Symptoms of sinusitis in children

If you recognize the disease in a timely manner and seek medical help at its first manifestations, then it is quite possible to prevent complications.

According to the famous pediatrician Komarovsky, successful treatment for sinusitis largely depends on the situation in the nursery. Thus, the ideal air temperature for breathing is about 20°C, humidity is 45–60%.

Antibiotics for sinusitis and sinusitis with a wide range of effects from the penicillin category come to the rescue in the fight against harmful bacteria: Augmentin, Ampicillin, Amoxiclav. If you are allergic to penicillin, use macrolide antibiotics: Sumamed, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin. In advanced cases with complications, oral medication is not enough; injections of antibiotics for sinusitis will be required.

Drops and sprays for vasoconstriction - “Nazivin”, “Naphthyzin”, “Otrivin”, “Sanorin” - relieve swelling, improve the release of mucous secretions and pus, restore nasal breathing, and speed up recovery.

Only a specialist can prescribe and select medications for the treatment of sinusitis. But only drops are suitable for a baby under three years old - he may choke with a spray.

UHF therapy, laser therapy, and ultrasound are used to reduce the inflammatory process. Nasal quartz tube, local darsonvalization, and electrophoresis with an antibiotic drug help to cope with pathogenic microorganisms. Now the help of doctors and the necessary procedures can be obtained not only in clinics in Moscow, but also in small cities.

Physiotherapeutic warming is used only in the absence of purulent discharge, otherwise the baby’s well-being may sharply deteriorate.

After consulting a doctor, you can also try treatment with folk remedies, for example, inhalations with decoctions of medicinal plants: sage, chamomile and calendula. They also provide assistance in the treatment of throat diseases. You can do massage with an ebonite disk, breathing exercises, and lotions with honey at night, if you are not allergic to bee products. Such procedures help alleviate the baby’s condition and speed up recovery.

But experimenting with folk remedies at home when treating acute sinusitis in children is not recommended - the body of a child under 6 years old can produce an unexpected reaction to the composition.

Fungal sinusitis is often treated with surgery. It is required when a mycetoma—a fungal ball—occurs in the nasal cavity. It does not dissolve under the influence of various pharmaceuticals. After removal of the ball, a long course of medications with antifungal action is prescribed.

To strengthen the immune system in these forms of sinusitis, immunomodulators are usually prescribed.

Treatment of sinusitis in children of an allergic nature requires limiting the patient’s contact with the allergen that provoked the disease. In addition, the baby needs a course of antihistamine medications (Claritin, Fenistil, Cetrin, Tavegil). Methods of treating the disease, dosing of medications and the duration of the course are determined only by the attending physician, taking into account the severity of the disease and the age of the child.

In complex therapy for the treatment of sinusitis in children, the following is used in various combinations:

Topical vasoconstrictor drugs that reduce swelling of the mucous membranes and quickly facilitate breathing (xylometazoline, oxymetazoline, etc.). They are prescribed to children in the form of drops. For children over 3 years old - in the form of a spray. Please note that vasoconstrictor drugs can be used for no more than 5 days.
Antibacterial and antiseptic agents (Isofra, Protargol, etc.). They are prescribed for sinusitis with severe symptoms, when it is necessary to quickly relieve general intoxication of the body and eliminate pathogenic bacteria.
Antipyretics for elevated temperatures (in pediatrics, medications containing paracetamol or ibuprofen are usually used).
Preparations to thin or reduce nasal mucus (Ambroxol, Sinupret, etc.).
Physiotherapy (warming, inhalation, nasal rinsing with saline and medicinal solutions).
Antibiotics for sinusitis in children are prescribed if the inflammation is complicated by purulent discharge.

Important! The form of each drug and its dosage will be individually selected for you by your attending physician, depending on the age of the child and the complexity of the disease.

rinsing with saline solution;
massage;
breathing exercises;

Important! Be careful! Some of these methods are contraindicated for certain types of sinusitis. Any additional treatment can only be carried out with the permission of a doctor.

Olga Denisova, Candidate of Medical Sciences, otolaryngologist, speaks about childhood sinusitis. You will learn how to independently diagnose acute sinusitis, what symptoms of the disease you need to pay attention to, and how treatment is carried out in children at different ages; about the pros and cons of some principles of treating inflammation, the consequences of the disease and preventive measures.

Sinusitis is one of the most common diseases. If you have any nasal discharge, monitor your child's condition and if you suspect inflammation, consult a doctor. Avoid self-medication. An accurate diagnosis, and especially medications for the treatment of childhood sinusitis, must be prescribed by a specialist. The disease, treatment and recovery for each child are individual.

Have you ever experienced childhood sinusitis? How did you discover the inflammation and how quickly did you deal with it? Share your experience with us in the comments.

The main goal of therapy is to normalize nasal breathing and improve the level of local immunity. This goal can be achieved by prescribing a different set of treatments.

The preferred therapy is the use of medications. The choice of these drugs is made by the attending physician.

When a bacterial infection is identified that has caused the development of the disease, doctors prescribe antibacterial drugs.

Currently, otolaryngologists prefer antibiotics with a broad spectrum of action. This treatment makes it possible to improve the well-being of a sick baby after a course of therapy.

The most successful in use are various penicillins protected with clavulanic acid, which, for example, include Amoxiclav, Suprax Solutab, Augmentin.

The choice of course dosage and timing of use is made by the attending physician. On average, the course of treatment for exacerbation of chronic bacterial sinusitis is 7-14 days. If a child has allergic reactions to these drugs, then he is prescribed drugs from other groups.

Symptomatic treatment involves the prescription of vasoconstrictor nasal drops or sprays. They are used 3-4 times a day for 2-5 days.

Quite often, children use: “Nazivin”, “Tizin” and others.

The use of antihistamines can reduce severe swelling in the nasal cavity and improve nasal breathing. The drugs are usually prescribed for 7-10 days.

Many products are prescribed for use in the first half of the day. These drugs include: Loratadine, Claritin, Suprastin, Cetrin, Zyrtec and others.

Antipyretics are used to normalize body temperature. They are prescribed to children who have a febrile condition. You can use medications when your body temperature rises above 38 degrees. In pediatric practice, medications based on paracetamol or ibuprofen are successfully used.

To eliminate pathological secretions from the nasal cavity, be sure to rinse the baby’s nose several times a day. For this purpose, seawater solutions can be successfully used.

Today there is a huge number of different products that are sold in any pharmacy.

Physiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of chronic sinusitis. Various methods of physical treatment help reduce the duration of exacerbation, and also prevent deterioration of health in the future.

UHF therapy, ultrasound in the paranasal sinuses and phonophoresis have been successfully used in pediatric otolaryngological practice for many years.

In some cases, conservative treatment does not achieve the desired effect. In such a situation, a surgical operation is performed, which patients usually call a “puncture”. This procedure is performed only by a pediatric otolaryngologist using a special medical instrument.

To eliminate pathological fluid or pus from the inflamed paranasal sinus, a puncture is performed. This is an invasive procedure and may cause complications.

You can treat sinusitis yourself only after prior consultation with your doctor.

To prepare homemade medicine, take a glass of water boiled and cooled to a comfortable temperature. Add 1 teaspoon of table salt and 1-2 drops of iodine tincture to the liquid. Stir until completely dissolved.

You can rinse your baby’s nose using a small “pear” or with an irrigator.

In some cases, doctors allow inhalations with decoctions of medicinal herbs. Plants that have a pronounced antibacterial and restorative effect are excellent for such treatment, which include: sage, calendula, chamomile, fir, eucalyptus. You can also use ready-made aromatic oils for inhalation.

Inhalations are recommended 2-3 times a day. This treatment will be optimal for older children who already understand how this procedure will be carried out. To achieve the effect, 8-10 procedures are usually sufficient.

Complications

Complications of this disease occur when treatment was incorrect or absent altogether. The most common complication is the transition of the disease to a chronic form. And:

the inflammatory process can spread to other structures - bronchi, lungs, ears . That is, due to the neglect of the process, bronchitis, otitis media or even pneumonia may occur;
inflammation of the tissues of the eye sockets; even ulcers can occur in this location. As a result of this, visual acuity may decrease;
meningitis, osteomyelitis and encephalitis;
sepsis. In this case, the infection spreads throughout the body .

Such severe complications can be prevented if you consult a doctor in time. The child will be prescribed the correct treatment, after which relief will immediately come.

Diagnostics

The examination is comprehensive, in addition to studying the patient’s complaints, instrumental and laboratory tests are carried out. Patients of any age are prescribed rhinoscopy and radiography. In 1 case, the nasal cavity is illuminated to identify edema and exudate.

Other informative diagnostic methods:

Ultrasound of the paranasal sinuses - to determine the source of inflammation;
CT, MRI - to study the spread of the pathological process and identify complications;
culture of mucus - to determine the pathogen and select effective antibiotics;
general blood test - to clarify the nature of the development of the inflammatory process;
endoscopic examination - to determine the composition of the exudate (prescribed for adolescents);
puncture of the sinuses - to exclude oncology, study the composition of purulent masses in recurrent rhinosinusitis, sinusitis, and prescribe effective treatment.

Prevention

Children under 6 years of age often suffer from ARVI, and this becomes the main reason for the activation of rhinosinusitis. Therefore, it is important to carry out general prevention, that is, enhancing the child’s immune system. Preventive measures:

Proper nutrition, enriched with vitamins and minerals.
In spring and autumn, it is recommended to give your child multivitamin complexes.
Any manifestations of a cold should be treated until complete recovery.
The child should walk a lot and be physically active.
Children are advised to regularly have their stool tested for worms, as parasites significantly reduce the body's defenses.
Check your child regularly with a dentist, as infection in the nasopharynx can get from the oral cavity.
If cases of influenza appear in a group in a kindergarten or school, then it is necessary to regularly rinse your nose with sea water sprays .
If a child has allergies, then it is necessary to protect him from pathogens and carry out appropriate treatment so that the condition does not worsen.

Quite often, doctors give advice to parents: put aloe juice in the child’s nose; a small child can lubricate the nasal passages. This is good disease prevention.

How to treat sinusitis in a child at home

Home treatment for rhinosinusitis in children includes taking antibiotics, vasoconstrictors, and saline nasal rinses. Infants and newborns require suction of mucus with a special device (aspirator); older patients must blow their nose on their own.

For sinusitis and purulent sinusitis, potato decoction, iodine-alkaline composition, boiling water with the addition of essential oils of tea tree, eucalyptus, and juniper help well. To relieve inflammation and remove symptoms of the disease, warming with salt, egg, and a blue lamp is prescribed.

How to properly rinse a child's nose

The procedure is needed to liquefy and remove pus with microbial flora from the nasal sinuses and facilitate breathing. If the technique is violated, the medicine penetrates into the inner ear, which leads to otitis media. Sequence of actions for patients under 2 years of age:

Lay the patient on his back and use cotton wool to clean the nasal passages.
Apply seawater solution to your nose.
Wait until the crusts soften.
Draw out the contents of the nasal passages with a special pear.

Washing technique for children over 3 years old:

Turn the patient's head to the side.
Close 1 nostril and inject the medicine into the second.
Do the same for the other nostril.
Help your child blow his nose with his mouth slightly open.