Hygienic project of Vyacheslav Yuryevich and Ivan Vyacheslavovich Konovalov

Two-wave course of ARVI

There is a certain group of respiratory viruses that cause a two-wave course of the disease.

This can happen with parainfluenza.

This infection occurs with moderate intoxication. Manifestations of laryngitis and bronchitis develop.

Respiratory syncytial virus can cause an episode of repeated fever during convalescence.

Metapneumovirus often gives a two-wave course of the disease. When affected by this agent, manifestations of bronchiolitis and alveolitis develop.

The second wave usually begins during the period of convalescence and may occur with less pronounced clinical symptoms.

What to do if you get re-infected with ARVI?

At an appointment with a doctor, a patient can ask him whether it is possible to get ARVI twice in a row and what actions to take. Answering the question of what to do if you are re-infected with an acute respiratory viral infection, it can be noted that a person who has become ill with ARVI for the second time, resulting in inflammation in the body again, may encounter some difficulties in treatment. Since it is possible for the virus to become addicted to certain medications, which will become useless in stopping the inflammatory process. In this case, the treatment regimen needs to be changed, which only a doctor should do. You should not self-medicate, otherwise the condition may worsen and complications may arise.

Treatment of acute respiratory viral infection during re-infection should include:

1. Drinking large amounts of liquid. It can be regular or mineral water, compote, kefir, herbal tea. The drink should be drunk in small sips every 15 minutes, which promotes better absorption of the liquid. The first sign of sufficient water balance in the body is frequent urination.
2. You should not lower the temperature readings, which do not exceed 38° - 38.5°. With ARVI, elevated body temperature may not subside for five days, which is considered normal.
3. The doctor usually prescribes antiviral medications.
4. If necessary, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics. However, they are only effective in combating pathogenic bacteria. They are useless for treating viral diseases.

In addition, for the treatment of ARVI, medications are used to relieve soreness in the throat, as well as mucolytic drugs to eliminate cough, stimulating the removal of mucus from the respiratory tract.

Recurrent course of respiratory diseases

This feature is more characteristic of mycoplasma and chlamydial infections.

Mycoplasmas

Within a short period of time, repetitions of certain symptoms of the disease are observed. Typically, relapses are shorter and more mild. But, however, they unsettle the patient and his relatives.

Chlamydia

Of course, who would like to get sick several times in a row?

Can someone who has had coronavirus infect other people?

The spread of coronavirus infection caused the declaration of a pandemic in March 2020. Quarantine was introduced in almost all countries. Citizens were advised to self-isolate. For those who have been in contact with infected people, isolation remains mandatory.

Covid-19 is dangerous with complications. The disease can progress in completely different ways: for some it takes them to intensive care, but in most cases it passes with mild symptoms, similar to the signs of acute respiratory viral infection, or is completely asymptomatic. In ensuring measures that can prevent the spread of infection, an important factor is the possibility of infection from a person who has recovered from the disease. People with Covid-19 symptoms and positive test results should be isolated from society, but the timing of isolation has long remained an open question.

Treatment errors and non-compliance

This situation can occur in both children and adults. This most often affects middle-aged people. They always have no time. Yes, this is understandable, given the modern rhythm of life.

Therefore, with an improvement in general well-being achieved by using certain drugs.

They immediately return to work, school, and their daily routine. It is in such a situation that the symptoms of the disease may recur and fever and intoxication may reappear. And this is not always the development of complications. And often it’s just a continuation of the disease.

How to distinguish ARVI from influenza?

Influenza is included in the ARVI group, but it is often considered a separate type of disease, since there are significant differences in infection, the course of the disease and the development of possible complications.

You can distinguish between influenza and ARVI based on the symptoms:

• disruption of the heart;
• diseases of the pulmonary system;
• pathology of ENT organs.

Influenza is a dangerous disease, therefore, in the presence of chronic pathologies in severe form (especially the heart, kidneys and liver) or with severely weakened immunity, the disease is treated inpatiently. During the cold season, ARVI is diagnosed in 95% of patients, influenza in only 3% (the remaining 2% are other infectious pathologies).

Why do symptoms of the disease re-develop?

Not effective therapy

Lack of adequate antiviral therapy

There are no drugs that directly affect viruses.

Currently, this therapy is only possible for the influenza virus. All other drugs are immunomodulators and are capable of influencing the immune system, increasing the overall defenses of the body.

Drugs do not always have the same effect on everyone.

Some medications may be less effective.

Low decoding of pathogens

Usually, examinations for mycoplasma and chlamydia are not carried out during the primary disease. Namely, they are often the cause of the relapsing course of the disease. Antibacterial therapy is necessary to cure them.

How long is a person contagious with ARVI, how to prevent the disease during the flu period

The problem is that detecting carriers of the virus is not always easy: during the incubation period of influenza and other respiratory diseases, although a person does not experience any manifestations of the disease, he is still infectious to others.

Let's consider during what periods it is advisable to avoid contact with the carrier.

Causes of ARVI and general information

The cause of this group of diseases is the penetration of viruses into the mucous membranes of the ENT organs, initiating an inflammatory process. The most common infectious agents are the following:

• a group of rhinoviruses - it includes up to a hundred species, and in this case, the respiratory tract disease is contagious for up to 2 weeks;
• Infection with adenoviruses is also possible. Their features are a long incubation period and the ability to survive on household items for up to half a month.

How can you get infected?

• Most often, the pathogen travels from one carrier to another by airborne droplets - with tiny particles of moisture released by a person who spreads viruses during the infectious period.
  Viruses have the ability to travel at very high speeds and enter the internal environment of the victim’s body when she talks to the carrier of the infection or is simply nearby.

  Those who frequently travel on public transport, as well as people working in the service sector, are at particular risk due to the need to regularly contact a large number of people;

• The contact method involves touching the body of a carrier of infection or household items touched by the sick person. Some of the pathogens are able to live longer in the air outside the host’s body, and, therefore, the likelihood of becoming infected with them in this way is higher. Such pathogens love a moist environment, so you should avoid using wet towels that were previously used by a patient or carrier of the infection.

It should be noted that the penetration of an infectious agent into the body is not always followed by the development of ARVI. This occurs when the number of viruses that have entered is so large that the immune system is unable to cope with them.

There is also a high chance of getting sick in people with weakened or not fully formed immunity (young children, diabetics, people with blood diseases, etc.).

Viruses first settle on the surface of the mucous membrane, then penetrate cells and destroy their structure, causing the nasopharynx and throat to become inflamed.

Incubation period and first manifestations of ARVI

From the moment of possible infection until the first external signs of a viral disease appear, at least a day passes. During this time period, the person or his environment will not be able to in any way determine that they are sick.

How the first stage of infection proceeds is to a certain extent related to which pathogen caused the disease. For example, in inflammation caused by an adenovirus, one of the features of the incubation period is its long duration, compared to other ARVIs - up to 5 days.

However, these viruses infect the respiratory tract quite rarely (about 5% of all acute respiratory viral infections). In general, the duration of incubation is variable within certain limits and is determined by the characteristics of the patient’s immunity.

• the appearance of a runny nose;
• wet cough;
• watery eyes and sneezing;
• hyperthermia (temperature increase);
• headache;
• enlarged lymph nodes (hyperplasia);
• stuffy nose;
• weakness, decreased performance;
• muscle pain.

How many days is a patient with ARVI contagious?

If a little more than a day passed from the entry of the virus to the appearance of symptoms, the patient became dangerous a couple of hours after he caught the virus. Such a person is recommended to wear a surgical mask.

When does a patient stop being infectious with ARVI? In the absence of complications, such as pneumonia or concomitant bacterial infection, contagiousness persists for about three days after the patient recovers and symptoms disappear.

To avoid infecting others, the patient needs to be issued a sick leave certificate for this period. Normally, treatment of ARVI lasts about a week, including symptomatic therapy (cough, rhinitis, hyperthermia, sore throat) and the creation of suitable conditions for the body to fight the pathogen as effectively as possible (bed rest and drinking rest).

Related diseases

For patients with influenza, if there are no complications, the time frame will be approximately the same: a day or two before the manifestation of symptoms, the entire period of illness and two to three days after. Unfortunately, there are situations when ARVI is complicated by a serious illness (such as bronchitis or pneumonia) that lasts for several weeks. In this case, the patient remains infectious for the entire period of the disease.

Disease of the ENT organs caused by rhinoviruses is contagious, as a rule, for ten to fifteen days, of which one or two days refers to the period preceding the detection of the first symptoms (lacrimation, mucus from the nose, cough, etc.), and up to three days – to the period after recovery. They initiate about half of ARVI cases.

This is facilitated by their size, which is several times smaller than that of the influenza pathogen and ensures ease of rooting in the thickness of the tissues of the nasopharynx and oropharynx.

For adenoviruses, the duration of the “infectious period” will be longer - from two weeks to a month.

Therefore, in this case, special attention must be paid to cleaning the patient’s room, hygiene measures, and thoroughly washing dishes with hot water after each meal.

In school-age children, infection with this pathogen is often complicated by conjunctivitis. The following phenomena accompanying the course of the disease indicate that ARVI develops with complications and it is necessary to call a doctor:

• sore throat, rhinitis do not end by the fifth day of illness or become stronger;
• hyperthermia lasts more than four days;
• the patient has an enlargement of the cervical or submandibular lymph nodes;
• the patient has difficulty breathing;
• a skin rash may appear;
• severe loss of strength - so much so that it becomes difficult to perform simple daily work (lasts several days).

How to protect yourself from infection

During cold seasons, even a healthy person often wonders how to avoid becoming infected with dangerous viruses and what measures to prevent colds he should take.

Such people need to remember the following:

• The main places where you can become infected are public transport and crowded places. During the epidemic season, you should not visit them unless absolutely necessary, and also, if possible, minimize trips by metro, especially during rush hour. If this is not possible, it is recommended to cover the airway with a medical bandage and open your mouth as little as possible when in the designated areas. When among your colleagues there is a patient or someone who has just recovered from ARVI, you must avoid close contact for several days;
• if there are no contraindications, it is recommended to get a flu shot (this is often done in city clinics);
• You should pay great attention to washing your hands with hot water and soap and avoid touching your face with unwashed hands;
• You should not be in dusty rooms unnecessarily: viruses often settle on dust particles;
• be careful and not use objects with which the patient was in contact during the infectious period;
• you should not spend money on drugs and dietary supplements that supposedly increase immunity: you need to understand that its increase is achieved only as the immune system fights microorganisms coming from outside;
• It is worth organizing yourself a nutritious diet with a sufficient amount of citrus fruits and green vegetables. During epidemics, it is advisable to eat as little mucus-forming (starchy, dairy) foods as possible and avoid overeating;
• Be careful not to overcool: this can weaken the body's defenses, and then the likelihood of getting sick when exposed to viruses increases.

Knowing this and following the rules for preventing ARVI, you can minimize the likelihood of encountering these diseases.

Source:

How many days is a patient with ARVI contagious - how the infection is transmitted, period of contagion

With the onset of the cold season, the number of colds increases sharply. Malaise, cough, runny nose, fever are reasons to consult a doctor. Noticing patients with acute respiratory infections symptoms in crowded places, many ask questions:

1. Is a cold contagious or not?
2. how the infection is transmitted;
3. how many days is a patient with ARVI contagious?
4. how to protect yourself from infection;
5. How many days do people suffer from ARVI?

Duration of the incubation period of ARVI

ARVI is contagious and is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy one. Viruses infect the respiratory tract in adults and children: first the upper, then the lower respiratory tract, as well as the eyes and gastrointestinal tract.

The pathogenic agent enters the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs (nose, throat), attaches to the cell membrane and penetrates inside. Normal cell functioning stops and viral replication begins. The copy number quickly reaches millions, and the exhausted cell dies, releasing viral particles into the body.

The incubation period is the time from the moment of infection to the appearance of symptoms of the disease. Its duration depends on the number of virions and the degree of their activity. As the viral load increases, the immune system's ability to fight the infection decreases, and symptoms of the disease begin to appear. Until the end of this period, the patient is not contagious.

The latent period is the period of time from the moment an infectious agent is introduced into the body to the state when the patient becomes capable of infecting others. The duration of these periods does not always coincide. With the flu, the patient begins to secrete viruses a day before signs of the disease appear.

A medical mask reduces the risk of infection

What do we know about coronavirus?

When social networks and websites are filled with false information, it is good to clean up the scientific facts that we already have. According to the official Internet resource Stopcoronavirus.rf: coronavirus (COVID-19) is transmitted by airborne droplets - through small droplets that occur when sneezing or coughing.

If you inhale these droplets or touch your eyes, nose, or mouth after touching an object that has these droplets on it, you may become ill with coronavirus (COVID-19).
After a short period (from 2 to 14 days), you may experience the first symptoms of this disease: fever
,
cough
and
difficulty breathing
.
In more rare cases, other symptoms may include a runny nose
,
sore throat
, and
body pain
. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 80 percent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases are mild.

What else can you do to protect yourself from the virus?

Although we do not have a cure or vaccine for the new virus today, this does not mean that we cannot protect ourselves. Here are some useful tips to help you stay healthy:

• Wash your hands regularly.
  Hygiene is one of the best ways to protect health during an epidemic of any infection.
  Wash your hands regularly with soap for at least 20 seconds
  . Be sure to wash your hands with soap after visiting public places and before eating.
• Use disinfectants.
  It's good if you always have disinfectants on hand. Hand sanitizers are needed when you cannot wash your hands. Don't forget that hand sanitizer must contain at least 60 percent alcohol. These disinfectants reliably kill viruses and pathogens.
• Maintain social distance.
  Social distancing is the best thing you can do to avoid getting sick yourself and infecting other people.
  Try to maintain a distance of 1.5-2 meters
  . This will prevent viruses from easily jumping from one person to another.
• Cough and sneeze into the crook of your elbow.
  Try to cough and sneeze into the crook of your elbow. And be sure to wash your hands after that.