Disease hay fever code according to ICD 10

The International Classification of Diseases is a fundamental medical document that identifies and classifies all diseases known to mankind, from the most dangerous infections to rare syndromes. Even allergic reactions and their various varieties are separated into a separate group, consisting of several categories and many sub-items. At the same time, allergic rhinitis according to ICD 10 has its own specific number and special name, which most accurately characterizes the specificity of this disease and its symptoms.

Predisposing factors

Allergy is a specific disease that is a consequence of the body’s immune response to certain factors and irritants. Unlike most diseases provoked by the growth of bacterial microflora or viral agents, allergic reactions are exclusively internal in nature. The catalyst for their development can be a variety of substances, factors and their combination. Such irritants have their own specific name and are called allergens. In their natural state, similar substances are absolutely harmless and do not cause any harm to humans. Only a combination of certain circumstances and the individual sensitivity of the body to certain components lead to the activation of protective processes. The immune system perceives such an invasion as a danger, starting the production of antibodies, which lead to the development of inflammatory processes of various properties.

The penetration of foreign substances into the body is the main cause of the formation of allergic rhinitis, which has another name - hay fever. However, it does not always lead to the development of an inflammatory process and the manifestation of negative symptoms. Only systematic suppression of the body’s protective properties leads to an aggravation of the situation and the formation of a whole variety of negative signs. The list of main factors is as follows:

• systematic stress;
• overwork;
• genetic predisposition;
• presence of bad habits;
• diseases of infectious and bacterial nature;
• prolonged use of medications;
• environmental features.

All these factors lead to an imbalance in the immune system, affecting its functionality and leading to malfunctions. It is the decrease in protective properties, combined with the influence of the catalyst, that provokes the formation of allergic reactions.

Chronic rhinitis: symptoms and treatment of runny nose in adults and children

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Chronic rhinitis (ICD code - 10: J31) is a group of pathologies that are characterized by a sluggish inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the nasal passages and turbinates. This form of the disease brings significant discomfort to a person’s life and has the most negative effect on the body as a whole.

Reasons for the development of pathology

Bad weather, low immunity, climate change, an allergic reaction are not all the reasons that can cause rhinitis in adults and children. With adequate therapy, the pathological process is cured quite quickly, but in some cases, the acute form smoothly turns into chronic, inflaming the person’s nasal passages and reducing the quality of his life.

For the inflammatory process, there is no division into age or gender, and chronic rhinitis affects adults, very young children and pregnant women equally.

Unlike acute, chronic runny nose develops quite slowly (several months or even years): either entering a phase of exacerbation or subsiding.

And improper treatment of chronic rhinitis in children and adults can lead to complications and have the most detrimental effect on the condition of the body as a whole.

After all, the presence of a constant inflammatory process leads to malfunctions of the immune system, reduces performance and memory.

As a rule, the following factors can lead to the development of this pathology:

1. Chronic diseases that are not inflammatory in nature (hypertension, vascular diseases, etc.) Such pathologies provoke disturbances in the circulatory processes in the nasal cavity.
2. Inflammation of the mucous membrane and its improper treatment at home.
3. Impaired release of mucus from the nose, which leads to blockage of the nasal cavity.
4. Hormonal “swings” caused by pregnancy and other factors.
5. Previous operations on the nasal cavity.
6. Inhaling very cold air.
7. Inhalation of very hot air leads to dehydration of the mucous membrane. This is especially often a concern in winter, when the heating season begins and people use additional heating sources. Newborns and preschoolers suffer the most. The mucous membrane dries out, the baby wakes up in the middle of the night, falling asleep again only after applying a few drops of saline.
8. Allergies to various environmental factors. It worsens in spring and in the second half of summer, when the period of flowering of ragweed and other allergens begins.
9. Congenital or acquired pathologies in the structure of the nose.
10. Frequent use of vasoconstrictor drugs (nasal drops). Such drugs are addictive, irritate the mucous membranes, and lose their effectiveness.
11. Addiction to alcoholic drinks.
12. Nicotine addiction.
13. A diet consisting of spicy dishes.
14. Inhalation of dusty and polluted air.
15. Decreased immunity.
16. Hereditary factor.

Types of chronic rhinitis and its symptoms

People experiencing deterioration in health due to chronic rhinitis describe the following symptoms when visiting a doctor:

• discharge of various types of mucus from the nose, the appearance of dry crusts;
• regular viral diseases, often complicated by sinusitis;
• mucus flowing down the back wall of the throat, which causes soreness, coughing, snoring and other characteristic symptoms;
• decreased sense of smell;
• constant headaches.

You should know that chronic runny nose includes several diseases at once, and the symptoms of the pathology can vary depending on the form of chronic rhinitis.

This disease is divided into several types.

Allergic

This variety has symptoms such as:

• loss of smell;
• the patient ceases to distinguish the taste of food;
• lacrimation;
• severe itching in the nasal cavity;
• Pain in the eyes.

Diagnosis of pathology

When diagnosing this pathology, the most important thing is to quickly find out the root cause of the emerging pathology and find out the type of chronic rhinitis. The characteristic manifestation of each type of disease greatly simplifies the diagnostic process.

The doctor pays attention to the following manifestations of a runny nose:

• Allergic – reddened eyes and nose;
• Hypertrophic - the nasal openings through which air enters become smaller, the mucous membrane swells;
• Atrophic – dryness and thinning of the mucous membrane in the nose.

After an initial examination and a detailed interview with the patient, the doctor prescribes the following diagnostic measures:

1. Endoscopic examination of the nasopharynx.
2. X-ray examination.
3. Sometimes CT scan of the sinuses.
4. Rhinomanometry.
5. Blood analysis.
6. Culture from the nose.
7. Nasal mucus examination and other laboratory tests.

If there is a suspicion of allergic rhinitis, the patient will definitely need to consult an allergist. Based on the results of the examination, the treating doctor determines the treatment method.

Classification of rhinitis according to ICD 10

According to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD 10), allergic reactions have a clear gradation and are divided into several categories. All of them belong to the section of diseases of the respiratory system and are included in the chapter of diseases of the upper respiratory tract. At the same time, rhinitis, which occurs as a result of exacerbation of asthmatic manifestations, belongs to a fundamentally different category of diseases and has code J45.0. In turn, allergic rhinitis ICD 10 has the following classification:

• vasomotor (J30.0);
• allergic, triggered by pollen of flowers and plants (J30.1);
• other allergic seasonal runny nose (J30.2);
• other allergic rhinitis (J30.3);
• allergic, unspecified (J30.4).

This classification of rhinitis according to ICD 10 fully covers all possible manifestations of allergies and characterizes the main causes of its formation. At the same time, the negative manifestations that arise for each type of rhinitis do not have specific features and specific manifestations. Therefore, when compiling this medical document, symptoms were not taken into account.

How to treat chronic atrophic rhinitis?

Chronic atrophic rhinitis is a pathology of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, in which there is a violation of the structure, atrophy and degradation of the tissue, and therefore the organ cannot fully perform its own function. In very severe stages of the disease, the inflammatory process spreads to the bone tissue, which leads to its partial or complete destruction. It occurs and occurs in children and adults without visible differences.

ICD 10 code

According to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, chronic atrophic rhinitis is coded J31.0.

Atrophic dry rhinitis

Atrophic dry rhinitis is the initial stage, where the anterior part of the nose is affected in combination with the lower turbinates.

Causes

The causes of the pathological process are divided into several groups:

Condition of the nasal cavity with atrophic rhinitis

• frequent diseases of an infectious nature against the background of congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, leading to degradation of the mucous membrane;
• chronic runny nose;
• systemic diseases that affect the functional activity of the whole organism and the upper respiratory tract in particular;
• poor ecology, implying air pollution with toxic exhausts, high levels of dust, heavy metal salts, and radioactive exposure.
• presence of occupational hazards - work in chemical production, in mines;
• diseases caused by the production of antibodies that destroy their own healthy cells (autoimmune pathologies).

The following factors can contribute to the development of chronic atrophic rhinitis:

• hereditary burden;
• poor nutrition and insufficient intake of iron, calciferol (vitamin D);
• concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous and endocrine systems.

Classification and symptoms

In clinical practice, pathology is divided into primary and secondary runny nose. The first is an independent disease, the second is formed against the background of prolonged inflammation or an incorrectly performed operation.

Also, chronic atrophic rhinitis can be simple, that is, the mucous membrane and blood cells are involved in inflammation, and fetid (ozena). Here, rotting processes predominate, accompanied by an unpleasant odor.

Photo gallery of atrophic rhinitis

The clinical picture of atrophic rhinitis includes the following main signs:

• dryness in the nasal cavity, which is accompanied by discomfort;
• formation of crusts including mucosal cells;
• the occurrence of bleeding caused by the separation of crusts and mechanical damage to tissues;
• the appearance of an unpleasant fetid odor, which is felt not only by the patient himself, but also by those around him;
• decreased sense of smell due to atrophy of nerve endings;
• deformation of the nose when cartilage and bone tissue are involved in the pathological process;
• discharge of purulent fluid when a secondary infection occurs.

Chronic atrophic rhinitis is not accompanied by pain, sneezing, coughing or nasal congestion, which is what a doctor should pay attention to when making a diagnosis.

Diagnostics

Rhinoscopy of atrophic rhinitis

An otolaryngologist is involved in the diagnosis of chronic atrophic rhinitis; based on the patient’s complaints, he writes out directions for laboratory and instrumental examination, but first conducts a rhinoscopy - a general examination of the mucous membrane using a special mirror.

The doctor notes the pallor of the mucous membrane, its small thickness, the presence of crusts, erosions, and mucus. During autumn, he notices a putrid smell.

For differential diagnosis of atrophic rhinitis, the doctor prescribes a laboratory blood test, an x-ray of the nasal cavity, takes a smear and submits it for a rhinocytogram. To determine tissue atrophy and degradation, an otolaryngologist may take a biopsy.

Types of allergic rhinitis

The international classification of diseases covers only the main causes of hay fever. But it absolutely does not take into account other criteria such as the duration or intensity of manifestations. Based on this, in addition to ICD 10, there is another gradation of allergic rhinitis, which covers the missing parameters. Depending on the period of occurrence, rhinitis can be:

1. Year-round or hypertrophic. Exacerbation of manifestations lasts no more than 1-2 hours a day. However, this condition persists for more than 9 months a year, without leading to a noticeable decrease in performance. Most often, household allergens serve as catalysts for development.
2. Seasonal. Exacerbation occurs during a period of increased concentration of flower and plant pollen in the air. The duration of manifestations depends entirely on the concentration of the allergen. As a rule, a runny nose remains in the acute stage for no more than 3-4 days. However, the entire period of exacerbation is characterized by an increase in negative symptoms that can affect a person’s life.
3. Intermittent or episodic. Manifestations occur only upon direct contact with the allergen. They have a pronounced character, affecting human life.
4. Professional. Its occurrence is due to systematic contact with the same irritants (dust, flour, chemical or pharmaceutical reagents). Over time, the immune system begins to perceive these substances as a threat to the body, which leads to the formation of allergic reactions. The symptoms are not particularly pronounced and go away on their own in the absence of contact with the irritant.

This classification perfectly characterizes the disease by its duration. However, it practically does not affect the intensity of manifestations, which does not make it possible to obtain a complete picture of the course of rhinitis and effectively neutralize it.

Chronic rhinitis - symptoms and treatment in adults and children; ICD 10 code

One of the most common diseases of the respiratory system is chronic rhinitis, which has an ICD 10 code J31.0. This is the name for inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, which lasts, in contrast to the acute form, for months and even years.

The disease has several varieties, is caused by various reasons, and can be very severe, affecting the bone and cartilaginous structures of the nose.

Most often it is characterized by a runny nose, nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, decreased sense of smell, pain and burning in the nose.

What is chronic rhinitis?

The medical term “chronic rhinitis” refers to prolonged inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nasal cavity, often accompanying other pathological processes.

Regardless of the specific cause of the disease, it is always accompanied by impaired blood circulation in the mucous membranes, swelling and difficulty in nasal breathing.

As a result, breathing through the nose becomes difficult, the sense of smell disappears completely or partially, and a large amount of mucous discharge appears. Symptoms such as sneezing, tickling or burning may also occur.

Chronic runny nose is divided into several varieties, each of which develops for its own reasons and requires a special approach to therapy:

• Catarrhal - develops as a result of decreased immunity, frequent colds, air pollution, as well as against the background of other chronic respiratory infections (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis).
• Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is the result of the proliferation of connective tissue with partial or complete blocking of the nasal passages. The cause of the pathological process is most often prolonged infections of the respiratory and ENT organs, aggressive chemical effects on the mucous membranes. This form of runny nose is also observed in people with frequent allergic rhinitis, endocrine pathologies, in smokers, as well as in people working in hazardous industries (metallurgists, chemical industry workers, etc.).
• Atrophic – this form is characterized by atrophy of the mucous membranes, accompanied by dryness, irritation, and fragility of the blood vessels. The causes of the disease are presumably unfavorable climatic and occupational conditions, often recurrent acute rhinitis, surgical interventions and hereditary factors (pathologies of capillaries, accompanied by their increased fragility).
• Ozena or fetid atrophic chronic rhinitis is a variation of the previous one, in which the mucous membrane sharply atrophies, affecting bone tissue. Accompanied by characteristic purulent discharge with an unpleasant odor, the formation of purulent-bloody crusts in the nose. Probable causes are bacterial tissue damage by Klebsiella, severe drug-induced rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, and genetic predisposition.
• Vasomotor is a consequence of changes in vascular tone caused by disturbances in nervous or humoral regulation. It develops as a result of dysfunction of the nervous and endocrine systems, as well as during long-term treatment with vasoconstrictor sprays, antihypertensive drugs, antipsychotics, etc.
• Medication is most often the result of treating a runny nose with vasoconstrictor drops. If they are used incorrectly (exceeding the dosage and recommended duration of use), addiction develops. Vascular tone is impaired, swelling and runny nose occur. The phenomenon is also observed when taking certain systemic drugs that affect vascular tone (oral contraceptives, antihypertensive drugs, frequent use of vasoconstrictor drops, drops with glucocorticosteroids).
• Allergic – the body’s reaction to constant inhalation of an allergen. The irritating substance causes swelling and other signs of a runny nose.

Chronic rhinitis – symptoms and treatment in adults

Depending on the manifestations and form of the disease, appropriate therapy is prescribed. It is most often complex and can include both drug treatment with local and systemic drugs, and physiotherapy. Surgical intervention is also often used, since chronic rhinitis can be cured once and for all in some cases only through surgery.

Catarrhal

As a result of exposure to unfavorable external factors, frequent colds, and decreased immunity, the mucous membrane of the nasal turbinates becomes inflamed and the following symptoms appear:

• hyperemia and swelling of tissues;
• mucous discharge;
• moderate congestion, which almost completely disappears when changing posture or physical activity.

The catarrhal form is treated mainly with medication, with topical agents. Antibacterial ointments (or drops) and antiseptic drops (for example, protargol solution) are prescribed.

Physiotherapy procedures such as electrophoresis, UHF and quartz tube also give good results. If there is no therapeutic effect, surgical treatment using cauterization or cryodestruction of the mucous membrane is indicated.

Hypertrophic

Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is accompanied by intense tissue growth in the nasal cavity (in its lower or middle turbinates), which leads to the appearance of the following symptoms:

• narrowing of the nasal passages with a simultaneous increase in the shells themselves;
• severe constant congestion;
• difficulty with nasal breathing;
• headache;
• nasal voice;
• hearing and smell impairments.

Treatment in this case is only possible surgically. The same methods of cryodestruction or cauterization with chemical compounds are used. If tissue growth is too pronounced, a conchotomy is indicated - complete removal of the nasal turbinates.

Atrophic

Depending on the severity of symptoms, the disease can manifest itself in the form of chronic subatrophic rhinitis or fetid rhinitis (ozena). In the first case, the clinical signs are as follows:

• dryness of the mucous membranes (upon examination they are pale, matte), accompanied by a feeling of tightness;
• periodic nosebleeds;
• deterioration or disappearance of the sense of smell.

This form is treated conservatively, for which moisturizers are prescribed - rosehip or sea buckthorn oil, vitamin E. Physiotherapy and taking vitamin complexes containing B-group vitamins, as well as vitamins A and E are also indicated.

Fetid rhinitis affects not only the mucous membrane, but also the bone tissue. The symptoms of the subatrophic form in this case are complemented by congestion, thick discharge, which shrinks, covering the inside of the nasal cavity with green dense crusts. An intense putrid odor appears, and when the crusts are removed, purulent discharge is revealed underneath them.

Treatment is conservative, aimed at removing crusts by rinsing (solutions of potassium permanganate, hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide and hydrogen peroxide are used. Since the main cause of the disease is bacterial infections, after rinsing, tampons with antimicrobial ointments can be placed in the nasal cavity. Systemic antibiotic therapy can also be prescribed.

Vasomotor

Main article: Vasomotor rhinitis in adults and children - symptoms, therapy, prevention

As a result of dysfunction of the nervous or endocrine system, the tone of peripheral vessels may be disrupted, which leads to a runny nose. The symptoms of chronic rhinitis in this case are as follows:

• periodic bouts of sneezing;
• swelling of the mucous membrane;
• difficulty breathing through the nose;
• secretion of a large volume of non-viscous mucus.

It is necessary to begin treating this form of runny nose, first of all, by eliminating the cause that caused it.

This may be dry air, deviated septum, injury, infection (viral, bacterial, fungal), or taking systemic medications.

Often, such a runny nose is a consequence of physiological conditions associated with changes in hormonal levels - pregnancy, puberty, menopause.

Drug therapy is carried out with saline solutions for rinsing, antihistamines for the treatment of chronic rhinitis in adults, as well as topical corticosteroids that relieve inflammation (in the form of drops or ointments).

Intranasal blockades and electrophoresis are also indicated. If conservative therapy does not produce results, surgical methods can be used.

These include submucosal vasotomy, destruction or disintegration of tissue by radio waves, ultrasound, laser, and microwaves.

If the cause of vasomotor rhinitis is a defect in the nasal septum, surgery is performed to restore its natural shape.

Drug-induced rhinitis

Since this type of chronic runny nose is a type of vasomotor, its symptoms are similar. Treatment consists primarily of stopping the drug that caused vasodilation, swelling and congestion. Drug-induced rhinitis is also treated like vasomotor rhinitis, with the use of corticosteroids, antihistamines and surgery in especially severe cases.

Read more: About drug-induced rhinitis, its treatment, symptoms and causes

Allergic rhinitis

Signs of this variety are itching in the nose, secretion of large amounts of mucus, nasal congestion, and sneezing. During the treatment process, first of all, the allergen that caused the chronic runny nose is identified and, if possible, its effect on the body is eliminated. The rest of the treatment is symptomatic, using vasoconstrictors and antihistamines.

Main article: Symptoms, treatment and prevention of allergic rhinitis in children and adults

Treatment of chronic rhinitis with folk remedies

How feasible and effective is it? Many traditional methods, such as dropping fresh aloe juice into the nose or rinsing with a salt solution, are indeed very effective. However, it is necessary to take into account, first of all, the variety of causes that cause a prolonged runny nose.

Therefore, you cannot start the disease or try to cure it on your own, and it is permissible to include any folk remedies in the treatment regimen only with the permission of a doctor.

In addition, some recipes are simply dangerous: for example, dropping onion juice into the nose leads to burns of the mucous membrane and worsening of the condition.

Read further: 10 recipes for complex nose drops for all occasions

How to treat chronic rhinitis for children and pregnant women

Main article: Features of the treatment of rhinitis in children

These two categories of patients are especially susceptible to disease-causing factors, and their treatment requires special care, since many medications are prohibited.

The main cause of chronic runny nose in children of all ages is acute viral rhinitis accompanied by a bacterial infection.

Often the disease occurs due to chronic adenoiditis, allergies or congenital defects of the anatomical structures of the nose.

Treatment is always prescribed by a pediatrician in accordance with the type and causes of the disease. Treatment of chronic rhinitis in a child is carried out with the same groups of drugs as in adults, but taking into account age:

• systemic antibiotics are prescribed in accordance with the instructions, usually in the form of a suspension;
• antihistamines (syrups and drops are used for children);
• antiseptics and saline solutions for rinsing - from birth;
• vasoconstrictors (special children's drops with a minimum concentration of the active substance (Nazivin® 0.01%) are used) - from the first days of life, but for a very short course of no more than 3 days.

Pregnant women often experience vasomotor rhinitis associated with changes in hormonal balance. Since this condition is physiological, treatment requires exclusively symptomatic treatment - rinsing and moistening the nasal cavity. What drops are possible in case of chronic rhinitis during pregnancy caused by other reasons?

Recommendations can only be given by a specialist, taking into account the nature, causes and severity of the pathological process. The ability of the drug to penetrate the bloodstream, teratogenic effect and gestational age are also taken into account.

The safest are saline solutions such as Aquamaris® or Dolphin®, as well as drops based on essential oils (Pinosol®). Vasoconstrictors and antibiotics are used only in extreme cases, as prescribed by a doctor.

Consequences and prevention

With adequate and timely therapy, the prognosis is favorable. If there is no treatment, the disease drags on for years, causing respiratory and cardiovascular complications (chronic bacterial rhinitis).

Timely treatment of any infections, elimination of nasal septum defects, strengthening the immune system, avoiding the negative influence of external factors and judicious use of medications will help prevent the transition to a chronic form.

Read further: Antibiotics for the treatment of runny nose for adults and children

Source: https://lifetab.ru/hronicheskiy-rinit-simptomyi-i-lechenie-u-vzroslyih-iu-rebenka-kod-mkb-10/

Severity

To obtain a comprehensive assessment of allergies, there is another additional scale that characterizes the disease in terms of the intensity of manifestations. According to it, there are the following categories for assessing hay fever:

1. Easy. It does not have clearly defined symptoms and manifests itself in the form of slight discomfort. Manifestations of the disease are noticeable, but have absolutely no effect on a person’s ability to work and his life activity in general.
2. Average. Signs of rhinitis become more distinct. A runny nose is accompanied by obvious swelling of the eyelids, swelling and redness. Symptoms are more aggressive, affecting a person's quality of life.
3. Heavy. Acute rhinitis is characterized by a full range of symptoms, ranging from nasal congestion to complete swelling of the facial tissues. Moreover, they all have a bright character. Their combination leads to the inability to perform the simplest actions and even fully rest.

The above categories for assessing allergic rhinitis are the most complete and make it possible to obtain an overview of its course. This allows not only to fully describe the disease, but also to select effective therapy to neutralize its manifestations and return the person to a full life.

Clinic and diagnostics

The clinical picture of hay fever can be varied due to the individuality of each human body separately. The main signs of vasomotor rhinitis are the following manifestations:

• nasal congestion;
• rhinorrhea (the discharge of a large amount of watery discharge from the nose);
• paroxysmal sneezing;
• voice change;
• deterioration of olfactory qualities;
• itching sensation in the nose;
• increased swelling of the face;
• hyperemia of the skin;
• general malaise;
• redness of the eyes;
• sleep disturbance;
• headache;
• hearing impairment.

The above list is far from complete. Because the chains of individual reactions of different people can be completely different. For some, the main symptom of an allergy is a runny nose and sneezing, while for others the onset of the disease is characterized by flushed skin and swelling of the face.

Attention! The main feature of hay fever is the cumulative nature of its manifestations. The onset and further course of the disease is expressed in the formation of not one specific sign, but a whole spectrum of diverse symptoms. This makes it possible to diagnose it in a timely manner and take appropriate measures.

Diagnosis of hay fever includes several areas and is based on the characteristics of the main manifestations, as well as their diversity and intensity. At the same time, the classification of allergic rhinitis in children and adults is carried out on the basis of identical methods. This makes it possible to talk about the absence of age limits for diagnosing this problem. The most effective ways to determine the specific form and type of allergy are:

• physical examination;
• laboratory research;
• instrumental diagnostics;
• differential study.

A survey examination is based on the characteristics of the existing symptoms, determination of their intensity and an initial examination of the patient. This type of diagnosis is decisive, since it allows one to obtain an initial picture of the course of the disease and sets the vector for subsequent examination.

Laboratory tests are the next stage of diagnosis, as they make it possible to form a more complete picture of the disease. The main method of laboratory research is the collection of biological material (blood or sputum), its examination and analysis.

Instrumental diagnostics includes several methods and is used if the first two methods do not indicate the exact causes of the symptoms that appear. It consists of rhinoscopy, x-ray and endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity.

Differential study is the final stage of research and is carried out in special cases associated with chronic diseases of a different nature. Their role may be anatomical abnormalities of the nasal cavity, infectious diseases or bacterial lesions of the mucous membranes.

Symptoms of chronic vasomotor rhinitis

The main symptoms of the disease are:

• prolonged difficult nasal breathing;
• nasal congestion;
• constant or periodic clear nasal discharge;
• a feeling of mucus running down the back of the throat;
• headache and decreased sense of smell, lacrimation.

The disease is characterized by an increase in the volume of the inferior nasal concha

As a result of increased permeability of blood vessels, the volume of the inferior turbinates increases, which leads to nasal congestion. This symptom occurs in the form of attacks and is characterized by the occurrence of profuse mucous or watery discharge from the nose and paroxysmal sneezing.

When turning and changing the position of the head, nasal congestion can alternately change from one half to the other. Persistent difficulty in nasal breathing appears as a result of hypertrophy of the nasal turbinates, which develops with chronic rhinitis. Patients may also have signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia:

• acrocyanosis;
• bradycardia;
• low blood pressure;
• drowsiness;
• neurasthenia.

Treatment and its features

The main goal of treating vasomotor rhinitis and all its forms is to restore full control over the existing manifestations of the disease. As a rule, all therapy is carried out on an outpatient basis and does not require hospitalization. Only in the most extreme case, associated with the acute course of the disease, can the attending physician decide to admit the patient to a hospital. In general, the treatment of hay fever is based on the use of complex methods of influence, designed not only to reduce the intensity of manifestations, but also to return a person to normal life. They look like this:

• limiting the impact of the allergen on the body;
• drug effects;
• immunotherapy.

Prevention

Chronic rhinitis requires not only timely treatment, but also further monitoring by the person himself. In order to prevent repeated relapses of the disease, a whole range of techniques and procedures is used. They are again selected on the basis of a person’s individual sensitivity to certain types of stimuli. However, in general, their use has a specific vector and is designed to protect a person as much as possible from exposure to allergens. General preventive measures include:

• eliminating exposure to nonspecific irritants on the body, such as tobacco smoke, exhaust gases, etc.;
• following a special diet that excludes any type of food allergens;
• systematic allergological examination;
• Carrying out annual diagnostic and treatment activities;
• complete exclusion of direct and indirect contact with significant stimuli.

All these methods, together with professional treatment, make it possible not only to completely neutralize the manifestations of hay fever, but also to prevent their re-development. That is why prevention plays such an important role in the overall structure of the treatment of such diseases and is the key to full human life.