Headache with otitis media and sinusitis

The relationship between sinusitis and otitis

Against the background of damage to the maxillary sinuses , blockage of the paranasal sinuses, swelling of the soft tissues, congestion, and the development of congestion occur.

An abundant accumulation of thick mucus is difficult to remove through deformed nasal canals, and its concentration in the area of the maxillary sinuses creates favorable conditions for the intensification of the activity of infectious agents.

The consequences of the inflammatory process have several variants of complications . The hearing aid is most often affected. The possibility of damage to the middle ear cavity due to sinusitis is explained by the peculiarities of the anatomical structure.

The projection of the middle ear is represented by the eardrum and the space that contains the auditory ossicles. The nasopharynx and the organ of hearing communicate with each other through the Eustachian tube. It serves to balance the air pressure inside the impermeable membrane with the outside.

Under favorable conditions, pathogenic strains penetrate the tympanic cavity through the rhinotuberal route (through the auditory canal). Having reached the place of dislocation, pathogenic agents continue to multiply, poisoning the body with waste products .

For reference! According to the nature of the serous discharge, several variations of otitis are differentiated: purulent, catarrhal, perforated and non-perforative, and according to the form of the course - acute and chronic.

Symptoms of ear complications

The complication of sinusitis in the ear has the following definition:

cramping pain in the ear cavity;
nasal congestion, soft tissue swelling;
acute headache, which intensifies when tilting the head;
production of thick exudate with impurities of pus;
increased body temperature over 38°C;
feverish condition;
decreased perception of sound and smell;
chills;
weakness.

Diagnosis of pathological disorders is determined by visual examination . To identify the area and extent of the lesion, CT and radiography, audiometry, and bacterial culture are prescribed.

How to treat sinusitis and otitis media at the same time in an adult - City Clinic No. 2 of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the NSO

The appearance of sinusitis is caused by an infection that enters the maxillary sinuses by airborne droplets or through the blood. As a result, swelling of the mucous membrane occurs, due to which the lumen closes. In such a situation, oxygen does not enter the sinus, pressure is formed in it, causing pain. In this case, mucus is formed in response to the source of infection, which accumulates in the sinus.

the appearance of adenoids and polyps;
penetration of inflammation into the upper parts of the skull, as a result of which infectious meningitis and other acute inflammatory processes in the upper sinuses of the skull may develop;
decreased immunity;
chronic colds;
inflammation of the middle ear, bronchi, lungs, orbits;
infection by pathogenic microorganisms;
deformations of the nasal cavity as a result of the development of inflammatory processes

Sinusitis can take acute and chronic forms. If sinusitis with serous discharge appears after a cold, you should immediately consult a doctor. When diagnosing, he identifies the cause of infectious inflammation and specifies the type of sinusitis, which may be based on its etiology:

viral;
bacterial aerobic or anaerobic;
fungal;
traumatic;
allergic;
mixed;
endogenous;
perforative.

Having identified the etiology of sinusitis, the doctor prescribes the most effective antimicrobial therapy, which will prevent the infectious focus from penetrating into other cavities of the skull

Causes of complications after sinusitis

The appearance of otitis media in purulent form of sinusitis as a result of the lack of proper comprehensive treatment. The specificity of this disease is that there is no single remedy against such a disease. For each patient diagnosed with sinusitis, the doctor selects the most suitable for him:

types of systemic medications of the antibiotic class;
non-steroidal drugs, when taken orally or externally, that relieve inflammation;
antihistamines;
immunomodulators;
physiotherapy;
procedures for regular sanitation of the nasal cavities by washing them and instilling them with special pharmaceutical preparations and compositions prepared at home.

Types of complications with sinusitis

Complications of sinusitis are local and systemic. The first relate to the ENT organs and organs that perform respiratory functions. This group of complications includes:

transformation of the acute form of sinusitis into chronic;
inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx;
pneumonia and bronchitis;
otitis.

The appearance of sinusitis and otitis simultaneously not only worsens the patient’s well-being, but also threatens the development of systemic complications, which include:

Unfortunately, complications from the disease extend beyond the anatomical boundaries of the respiratory system. Then most of the human organs are affected.

When long-term or systemic complications of sinusitis occur, the following diseases occur:

inflammation of the brain;
myocarditis;
rheumatism;
infectious diseases;
sepsis.

What is the danger of complications with sinusitis?

Most often, complications with sinusitis are the result of improper treatment of the catarrhal form of the disease. The lack of a systemic comprehensive therapy, including a variety of drugs, violations in the treatment regimen prescribed by the doctor, weakened immunity due to the proliferation of pathogenic microflora and other reasons lead to complications in untreated sinusitis.

Nasal breathing is not only a source of oxygen for tissues. The nose performs a protective function, warming the air and clearing it of dangerous particles. In the absence of such systemic protection in oral breathing, the amount of pathogenic microflora entering the body increases.

Dry air, not moistened by nasal mucus, contains germs and dust particles. They enter the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

A double source of infection: from the outside and from the focus of the inflamed maxillary sinuses, enhances the process of infection of the entire body and leads to the development of severe systemic complications.

Otitis as a type of complication of sinusitis

Often in patients with sinusitis the ear becomes clogged. This is a dangerous symptom that should make you go to the doctor. The pharynx is connected by a special canal to the middle ear, located in the temporal bone. This cavity is called the auditory tube or eustachian tube.

This occurs from the fact that, as a result of chronic damage to the maxillary sinuses, blockage of the paranasal sinuses, swelling of the soft tissues, congestion, and the development of congestion occur.

The development of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses can manifest itself in different ways, but most often in the form of otitis due to the anatomical features of the middle ear, which has connecting passages for infection.

The middle ear consists of the eardrum and the space in which the auditory ossicles are located. The nasopharynx and the organ of hearing communicate with each other through the Eustachian tube. It serves to balance the air pressure inside the impermeable membrane with the outside.

Symptoms of otitis media caused by sinusitis include:

ear pain;
nasal congestion, soft tissue swelling;
acute headache, worsening when tilting the head;
secretion of thick mucus mixed with pus;
body temperature over 38°C;
feverish condition;
reducing the acuity of sound and smell perception;
chills;
weaknesses.

Complicated otitis is diagnosed during an individual examination performed by a doctor. For accurate diagnosis, special medical equipment can be used.

Treatment of complicated sinusitis

Otitis and sinusitis at the same time require immediate contact with a doctor, who will prescribe complex therapy to the patient. Otherwise, a person may not only lose hearing, but there is also a high risk of death when inflammation spreads to the brain areas.

Detoxification therapy is also prescribed, which allows you to remove toxic substances of viruses and bacteria from the body through intravenous administration of saline solutions.

Only complex treatment helps restore the functions of the mucociliary apparatus, hearing organs, and the formation of local immunity.

Treatment of otitis and sinusitis at home

Patients can also treat otitis and sinusitis at home. But it should act as an auxiliary to complex therapy prescribed by a doctor, and not as the main one. Before starting home treatments, you should consult your doctor.

At home you can do:

rinsing the nose with saline solution, medicinal infusions of chamomile, sage, calendula every 3-4 hours;
steam inhalations of boiled potatoes, propolis tincture, fir, pine, eucalyptus oils;
taking herbal mixtures of chamomile, eucalyptus, sage, St. John's wort, lavender, add half the norm of string and yarrow, half a glass 4 times a day;
external application of ointments;
applying warming compresses based on oil or alcohol

It should be remembered that warming should not be done during purulent sinusitis and otitis media, because additional heat creates favorable flora for the proliferation of infections.

Rinsing the nostrils with decoctions can be alternated with warm oil compresses. Having finished with one half of the nose, you can return to it again in a few hours. In this way, without the use of synthetic antibiotics, it is possible to relieve the first symptoms of inflammation of the nasal mucosa at the initial stage, preventing the infection from penetrating into the upper sinuses.

You can also use pharmaceutical drops to prevent stagnation of mucus and the development of microbial microflora in it. Several washes a day will help get rid of the unpleasant symptoms of sinusitis. When using rinsing solutions, choose two or three of the most effective remedies to avoid getting used to their therapeutic effect.

The danger of self-medication

It should be remembered that sinusitis complicated by otitis should only be treated by a doctor. Often patients are admitted to a hospital for acute inflammation of the nasal and auricular areas. If the patient remains at home, the treatment regimen prescribed by the doctor should be followed. Self-medication with such a serious diagnosis can be fatal.

Conclusions and Conclusions

When a patient is simultaneously diagnosed with otitis media and sinusitis, he will necessarily have to undergo a course of antimicrobial therapy prescribed by the attending physician.

It will not be possible to stop the infectious inflammation in any other way. The doctor also prescribes procedures to detoxify a weakened body with toxins produced by pathogenic microflora.

A set of therapeutic measures helps eliminate the inflammatory process and restore hearing and smell.

Article rating:

Source:

Conservative treatment methods

Otitis and sinusitis simultaneously require timely medical attention. In the opposite case, there is a threat of damage to the inner ear, disruption of the integrity of the meninges, absence or deficiency of hearing.

Important! Complications of sinusitis are manifested by dysfunction of the central nervous system, bronchopulmonary system, sepsis, and exacerbation of diseases of the visual organs.

Antibacterial therapy

Since inflammation of the middle ear occurs with a chronic form of damage to the maxillary sinuses, treatment with homeopathic medicines will not bring a positive result. The choice of a pharmaceutical product is determined by the physiological characteristics, patient history and course of the pathology.

The following antibiotics for sinusitis and otitis media are widely used in otolaryngology:

"Amoxicillin." A broad-spectrum drug based on penicillin, intended for systemic use. The main components are active against pathogens of ENT diseases. Before prescribing, the doctor determines the sensitivity of the parasitic microflora to the active components. On average, the medication is taken three times a day, 500 mg. , in severe forms of damage, the dosage is increased to 1 mg. , and the number of receptions is up to 4 times. The course of treatment varies from 5 days to two weeks . The antibiotic is contraindicated in case of increased sensitivity of the body to individual components, during gestation, breastfeeding;
" Cefuroximaxetine ". Antibacterial agent of the second generation cephalosporin group. Used for acute/chronic infections of the respiratory tract, ear, throat and nose. Intended for parenteral administration, dosage 750 mg. 3 rubles per day. It is recommended to limit the use of the drug in case of gastrointestinal pathologies, bleeding, renal failure, intolerance to the components of cephalosporin, penicillin;
"Augmentin". The new generation antibacterial product is represented by a complex composition of penicillin antibiotic and clavulanic acid. The synthetic product inhibits the synthesis of gram-positive and gram-negative strains. For inflammation of the mucous membrane of moderate complexity, one tablet is prescribed every 4 hours or 1.2 g for intravenous administration twice a day . In severe forms of damage, the dosage is doubled within the maximum permissible norm;

Nuance! To normalize body temperature, antipyretic drugs are used: Nurofen, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, and analgesics are used to relieve pain.

" Flemoxin Solutab ". Bactericidal acid-resistant antibiotic based on amoxicillin trihydrate. After administration, it is quickly absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract and eliminated by the kidneys. Indications for use include inflammatory processes in the respiratory system. The daily dose for an adult varies from 1000 to 1500 mg. for 2-3 consumptions . When taking the drug in doses higher than recommended, signs of intoxication of the body develop, the water-salt balance is disturbed, and a maculopapular rash forms on the skin;
" Macropen ". Antimicrobial product of the macrolide group with the active ingredient midecamycin. The active component penetrates well into tissues, where it reaches maximum concentration and exhibits bacteriostatic activity against pathogens of the upper respiratory tract. The course of therapy does not exceed 10 days, with a single dose of 1 tablet (0.4 g) three times a day . It is allowed to use a synthetic drug in the treatment of pregnant women when the benefits of the medication outweigh the threat to the health of the mother and unborn child. Concurrent use of an antibiotic with Cyclosporin, Warfarin, and ergot-based medications is contraindicated.

A runny nose can develop into otitis media

I went to see a doctor about a common cold, and after an examination the therapist referred me to an otolaryngologist (in other words, an ENT specialist), who diagnosed otitis externa. But from where? I didn’t experience any severe pain in my ears, sometimes it would shoot a little, as they say, and that’s all. And the specialist didn’t check my ear with any special instruments, he just examined it. Therefore, I doubt the diagnosis. Zhargal Timbeev, Ulan-Ude, Buryatia

Let us note right away: the situation is in many ways typical. The fact is that one of the most common causes of otitis media is various diseases of the nose. These include all types of rhinitis, deviated nasal septum, and many other problems with the nasopharynx. In children, the cause of the disease is often adenoids.

PHARYNX, nose, ear are connected by the Eustachian tube (a canal that connects the middle ear cavity to the pharynx). With every ENT disease, mucus appears, the amount of which constantly increases. If you're unlucky, it ends up right in that very Eustachian tube. As a result, the ventilation of the tympanic cavity is disrupted. The cells of the cavity begin to secrete inflammatory fluid. And in addition to clogging the pipe, pathogenic microorganisms (they provoke the disease), which are part of the local microflora, also contribute to the aggravation of inflammation.

Support the publication

Join the CLAN

Moreover, otitis media, if it is started, can cause disorders in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), in the same nasopharynx, and in severe cases, even provoke, for example, meningitis . Because in the body, no matter how trivial it may sound once again, everything is interconnected. And even more so in the front part.

But, as the author of the question reports, he was diagnosed with “otitis externa.” That is, the mildest form of this disease. Therefore, a good, competent specialist can determine otitis without special technologies and devices. A simple examination of the auricle and ear canal using a head reflector (a well-known mirror with a hole in the center) or an otoscope is sufficient for him.

In order to determine otitis externa, the physician pays attention to the skin in the area of the auricle, the size of the ear canal and the discharge from it. If the skin is red, the ear canal is greatly narrowed, and even more so when the eardrum cannot be seen and liquid discharge is noticeable inside the ear, then this is precisely the disease mentioned above. The mobility of the eardrum is also determined . There is a very simple method for this, known since ancient times. The doctor asks the patient to puff out his cheeks, while keeping his mouth closed . Air enters the middle ear through the nasopharynx, and the membrane deviates outward. If this does not happen, then there is fluid in the eardrum.

Of course, the question arises: how to treat this disease? Especially if it was no longer possible to avoid it. It is clear that the treatment is somewhat different depending on who suffers from the disease - a child or an adult, a person who has any pathologies and a weakened immune system. But if we take the situation that happened specifically to the author of the question, then for an adult with normal immunity, treatment will be carried out using ear drops . This may be quite enough. The disease will recede without the use of antibiotics. True, drops, also taking into account individual characteristics, can either consist only of an antibacterial drug or combine an antibiotic and an anti-inflammatory agent. Otitis externa is usually treated with drops within a week . Sometimes the doctor may extend the course to ten days.

Also, patients are often prescribed antiseptics, such as miramistin, and if otitis externa is of fungal origin (this also often happens, like a simple ear cold), then it is recommended to use antifungal ointments . Usually natamycin or clotrimazole. But this is at the discretion of the individual specialist.

And one more important point. It is better to exclude self-medication of otitis media and the use of, as doctors say, “grandmother’s methods.” Under no circumstances should you prepare drops and other “medicinal preparations” yourself. Camphor oil, chamomile infusion, onion or garlic juice should not be used ! This can really lead to deafness for the rest of your life! Alas, such cases are known.

Also, if you have pain, you should not warm your ear with sand, salt or a heating pad! When using “such methods”, everything usually happens exactly the opposite: the inflammatory process will intensify several times . These “time-tested folk remedies” additionally feed bacteria, accelerate their reproduction and provoke severe swelling and accumulation of pus.

In addition, alcohol-based antiseptics are very dangerous for children. Especially for those who have sensitive mucous membranes.

So strictly follow the instructions and recommendations of the specialist.

Clash of Civilizations
Mr. Universe titleholder Jakub Schubrt died at the age of 32
Sadalsky appreciated the change of cast at the Tabakov Theater: “Mashkov is cracking down on nepotism”
Why shouldn't you rush to remove adenoids?
Who has the right to kill with impunity?
Sanitary doctor Svetlana Morozova: Group immunity of Primorye residents to the COVID-19 virus is not yet sufficient
Publicist Lato Lapsa about the President of Latvia: “He is lying about his citizenship. Lies about his parents. About my ancestors"

Become a member of the CLAN and every Tuesday you will receive the latest issue of “Arguments of the Week” with a discount of more than 70%, along with exclusive materials not included in the newspaper. Get premium access to a library of the most interesting and popular books, as well as an archive of more than 700 published issues for FREE. In addition, you will have the opportunity to benefit from free legal advice from our experts for a whole year.

Enter your email address, then select any convenient payment method for your annual subscription

Scan the QR. In the Sberbank Online application that opens, enter the annual subscription cost (490 rubles). Then send the confirmation code by email

Stay with us. Add us to your sources and subscribe to our social networks.

Yandex News Google News MirTesen Yandex Zen Twitter Telegram VKontakte Odnoklassniki Facebook Instagram

Treatment of otitis and sinusitis at home

Alternative medicine recipes cannot replace antibacterial therapy . They are used to increase the protective response of the immune system, speed up the recovery process, and relieve symptoms.

The following recommendations will be effective in combating inflammation of the maxillary sinuses:

rinsing the nasal passages with saline solution, medicinal infusions of dry chamomile, sage, and calendula. Manipulations are carried out every 3-4 hours , after which the remaining mucus is carefully removed with a cotton tourniquet;
steam inhalations . The procedure of inhaling steam from boiled potatoes has not lost its effectiveness. A recipe with alcohol tincture of propolis will be effective. Add 10 g of medicinal liquid to 2 liters of water, breathe hot air for 10 to 20 minutes ;
herbal collection In 2 liters of boiling water, mix the fruits of chamomile, eucalyptus, sage, St. John's wort, lavender in equal proportions, add half of the norm of string and yarrow . Let the suspension brew to room temperature. Drink half a glass of the strained broth 4 times a day ;
healing ointment . Using a grater, grind 20 g of laundry soap . In a 1:1 ratio, add the following ingredients: linden honey, milk, olive oil . Heat the mixture in a water bath until the soap is completely dissolved, add a spoonful of alcohol. Dip cotton pads into the ointment and leave in the nose for 15 minutes . The course of treatment should be continued until complete recovery, but no more than a month.

Warming up for sinusitis is strictly contraindicated , because additional heat creates favorable flora for the proliferation of infections.

Oil- or alcohol-based warming compresses will help cure otitis media at home. A cotton turunda is soaked in alcohol or camphor oil, covered with a gauze cloth, and fixed with a bandage or fabric bandage.

Advice! Instillation of fortified drops of juice of carrots, beets, aloe petals requires dilution with water, because highly concentrated liquid can injure the mucous membrane.

Dry heat is necessary to reduce inflammation of the middle ear . The restoration method involves placing a thick layer of cotton wool in the ears to retain heat.

On the advice of a doctor, turundas soaked in medicinal liquid can be inserted into the projection of the outer ear. It is important to control that the flagellum is wet, so every 3-4 hours, drip the suspension onto it.

Otitis and sinusitis at the same time - AllSymptoms

The development of acute and chronic inflammatory processes in the nasal sinuses can cause complications such as:

the appearance of adenoids and polyps;
penetration of inflammation into the upper parts of the skull, as a result of which infectious meningitis and other acute inflammatory processes in the upper sinuses of the skull may develop;
decreased immunity;
chronic colds;
inflammation of the middle ear, bronchi, lungs, orbits;
infection by pathogenic microorganisms;
deformations of the nasal cavity as a result of the development of inflammatory processes

When pus forms in the nasal sinuses, which is the result of the activity of pathogenic microbes and parasites. To avoid purulent infections of bone tissue, doctors prescribe antimicrobial drugs that help eliminate the focus of purulent inflammation in the maxillary sinuses.

If this is not done in time, then the patient will simultaneously develop sinusitis and otitis media, which is one of the types of complications of purulent inflammation of the maxillary sinuses.

viral;
bacterial aerobic or anaerobic;
fungal;
traumatic;
allergic;
mixed;
endogenous;
perforative.

Having identified the etiology of sinusitis, the doctor prescribes the most effective antimicrobial therapy, which will prevent the infectious focus from penetrating into other cavities of the skull

Causes of complications after sinusitis

types of systemic medications of the antibiotic class;
non-steroidal drugs, when taken orally or externally, that relieve inflammation;
antihistamines;
immunomodulators;
physiotherapy;
procedures for regular sanitation of the nasal cavities by washing them and instilling them with special pharmaceutical preparations and compositions prepared at home.

In the absence of comprehensive treatment, any sinusitis becomes chronic and is complicated by the development of inflammation in other cavities of the skull, for example in the ear canal.

Types of complications with sinusitis

Complications of sinusitis are local and systemic. The first relate to the ENT organs and organs that perform respiratory functions. This group of complications includes:

transformation of the acute form of sinusitis into chronic;
inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx;
pneumonia and bronchitis;
otitis.

The appearance of sinusitis and otitis simultaneously not only worsens the patient’s well-being, but also threatens the development of systemic complications, which include:

Unfortunately, complications from the disease extend beyond the anatomical boundaries of the respiratory system. Then most of the human organs are affected.

When long-term or systemic complications of sinusitis occur, the following diseases occur:

inflammation of the brain;
myocarditis;
rheumatism;
infectious diseases;
sepsis.

What is the danger of complications with sinusitis?

Chronic sinusitis also occurs with severe pathology of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, during which the patient experiences shortness of breath and hypoxia. There is swelling of the maxillary sinuses and nose, impaired nasal breathing, which replaces mouth breathing. Because of this, the infection spreads further to other cavities.

Dry air, not moistened by nasal mucus, contains germs and dust particles. They enter the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Otitis as a type of complication of sinusitis

From the maxillary sinuses, the infection spreads to the pharynx, and from there through the Eustachian tube into the middle ear. An infection in the ear occurs due to blowing your nose, during which the pressure in the nasopharynx increases, and microbes, along with mucus, penetrate into the auditory tube.

Because of this, otitis media appears, which first manifests itself in the form of ear congestion. Then pain begins to arise, which usually bothers you at night. The pain intensifies over time and becomes unbearable.

Pus begins to ooze from the external auditory canal.

This occurs from the fact that, as a result of chronic damage to the maxillary sinuses, blockage of the paranasal sinuses, swelling of the soft tissues, congestion, and the development of congestion occur.

An abundant accumulation of thick mucus is difficult to remove through deformed nasal canals, and its concentration in the area of the maxillary sinuses creates the necessary conditions for the development and proliferation of infection.

The middle ear consists of the eardrum and the space in which the auditory ossicles are located. The nasopharynx and the organ of hearing communicate with each other through the Eustachian tube. It serves to balance the air pressure inside the impermeable membrane with the outside.

Symptoms of otitis media caused by sinusitis include:

ear pain;
nasal congestion, soft tissue swelling;
acute headache, worsening when tilting the head;
secretion of thick mucus mixed with pus;
body temperature over 38°C;
feverish condition;
reducing the acuity of sound and smell perception;
chills;
weaknesses.

Complicated otitis is diagnosed during an individual examination performed by a doctor. For accurate diagnosis, special medical equipment can be used.

Treatment of complicated sinusitis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpVrzYekq80\u0026list=PLF7y6Ci7Vl7K11IcbXSx2H2KrexvT4JfP

Treatment of otitis and sinusitis when occurring simultaneously should always include antimicrobial therapy. The doctor prescribes strong antibiotics that suppress the development of pathogenic microflora and the spread of inflammation. The selection of antibiotics is always carried out on an individual basis, taking into account the physiological and age characteristics of the patient.

Detoxification therapy is also prescribed, which allows you to remove toxic substances of viruses and bacteria from the body through intravenous administration of saline solutions.

Only complex treatment helps restore the functions of the mucociliary apparatus, hearing organs, and the formation of local immunity.

Treatment of otitis and sinusitis at home

At home you can do:

rinsing the nose with saline solution, medicinal infusions of chamomile, sage, calendula every 3-4 hours;
steam inhalations of boiled potatoes, propolis tincture, fir, pine, eucalyptus oils;
taking herbal mixtures of chamomile, eucalyptus, sage, St. John's wort, lavender, add half the norm of string and yarrow, half a glass 4 times a day;
external application of ointments;
applying warming compresses based on oil or alcohol

It should be remembered that warming should not be done during purulent sinusitis and otitis media, because additional heat creates favorable flora for the proliferation of infections.

You can use preventive measures that will help strengthen the body.

To do this, on the sore side, drip 10 or more pharmaceutical or homemade drops prepared from decoctions of medicinal herbs into the nostrils several times a day.

You can use decoctions of chamomile, calendula, garlic juice diluted in boiled water or a saline solution. At the initial stage of inflammation, natural antibiotics and bacterial agents of natural origin can be used.

The danger of self-medication

Conclusions and Conclusions

When a patient is simultaneously diagnosed with otitis media and sinusitis, he will necessarily have to undergo a course of antimicrobial therapy prescribed by the attending physician.

It will not be possible to stop the infectious inflammation in any other way. The doctor also prescribes procedures to detoxify a weakened body with toxins produced by pathogenic microflora.

A set of therapeutic measures helps eliminate the inflammatory process and restore hearing and smell.

Article rating:

(15,00

Source: https://vsesimptomu.ru/otit-i-gajmorit-odnovremenno.html

Sinusitis and otitis in a child treatment

Otitis (inflammation of the middle ear) in children is accompanied by fever, pain, runny nose, and general lethargy. The most common cause of the disease is chronic foci of inflammation in the tonsils, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx.

Sometimes acute otitis media affects the eardrum, quickly turning into a purulent form. In this case, the risk of the disease becoming chronic increases.

The causes of traumatic otitis can be minor injuries to the ear and manipulation of sharp objects in it.

As a rule, otitis media in children begins as a common ARVI. The main symptom of acute otitis media is ear pain. The lesion in otitis media can be unilateral or bilateral. This can sometimes be established from the first day of the disease, and sometimes on the second or third day. When it becomes purulent, acute otitis media affects the eardrum. A chronic form of otitis develops, the signs of which are a non-healing hole in the eardrum, hearing loss and purulent discharge from the ear.

First aid for a child with otitis media at home

If the child’s mother shows the baby to the local pediatrician every month, this significantly increases the chances of early diagnosis and treatment of otitis media in the infant. If you suspect a child has otitis media, you should definitely see an ENT doctor. He prescribes a treatment regimen, taking into account examination data and age. The condition of the eardrum is important to the doctor. If there is perforation, some drops in the ear are prohibited. Therefore, ear drops should not be used before consulting a doctor.

If for some reason the doctor’s examination is postponed, and the baby cries due to ear pain, you can provide him with first aid. It consists of pain relief with the help of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - Ibuklin, Ibuprofen, Nurofen. For children, you can use paracetamol derivatives - Tylenol, Panadol. These remedies not only reduce pain and inflammation, but also reduce fever. After helping the baby, you need to show it to an ENT doctor.

What is the cause of frequent otitis media?

Frequent otitis media in childhood is partly explained by the imperfect anatomical structure of the hearing system in children

The Eustachian tube, which connects the throat to the tympanic cavity, is not yet long enough, and its wide opening is located too close to the adenoids. When you have a runny nose or sore throat, discharge easily penetrates the middle ear area, infecting the eardrum. Colds, nasopharyngitis, enlarged adenoids, chronic foci of infection in the paranasal sinuses, tonsils, or nasopharynx also contribute to the frequent spread of infection from the pharynx to the ear. If the baby does not yet know how to crawl or walk, then a constant horizontal position interferes with the outflow of mucus from the nasopharynx. Blowing your nose too much is also dangerous.

How to determine otitis media in young children?

It can be difficult to make a correct diagnosis in young children.

Before the age of one year, otitis media in children often occurs in a latent form. If your baby often rubs and pulls at his ears, this may be either a habit or a sign of pain. The child may become restless, turn his head, and refuse the mother's breast. In order to determine whether the baby’s ear hurts, you should gently press on the protrusion near the auricle (tragus); if there is no pain, the child most likely will not react to this pressure.

Self-treatment of otitis media in children

The task of parents is to be attentive to any manifestations of malaise in the baby. If you suspect otitis media in your child, you should immediately contact your pediatrician, who should establish a diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment.

Modern treatment of otitis includes anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs, nasal lavage, general therapy, physiotherapy, and compresses. The advice of a homeopathic doctor may be useful. For chronic otitis media, the doctor may recommend removal of the adenoids. In this case, parents should be guided by objective necessity, and not by their own wishes. For people without medical education, making all these decisions is impossible. Therefore, the only correct way is to immediately contact specialists.

Possible complications

Complications of otitis media do not occur for no apparent reason. We can talk about them if the diagnosis of the disease was carried out too late, or there was incorrect or untimely treatment.

Otitis media is dangerous due to the following consequences:

complete or partial deafness;
development of chronic otitis media;
partial paralysis of the facial muscles;
in extreme cases: sepsis, encephalitis or meningitis.

As you can see, otitis media is a serious disease, which, if left untreated or self-medicated, can lead to dangerous complications.

Relationship between pathologies

Inflammatory processes in the maxillary sinuses can lead to a number of serious complications. One of them is damage to the middle ear. This happens due to the fact that the organs of hearing and the nasopharynx are connected to each other by the eustachian tube, which is responsible for air pressure on the membrane.

With sinusitis, swelling and deformation of the nasal canals and sinuses occurs, which favors the outflow of the purulent segment through the auditory canal into the cavity in which the eardrums are located. The spread of pathogenic microflora throughout the organ of hearing begins, which in turn leads to the appearance of otitis media.

The disease can occur either in an acute form or become chronic, in which hearing loss occurs. Otitis media is also classified into several types:

imperforate (sharp);
perforated (complication of acute);
catarrhal (complete damage to the hearing organ, including the eardrum and Eustachian tube);
purulent.

If left untreated, pus from the organs of hearing and nasopharynx can penetrate into the skull, which is fraught with serious consequences, including death.

Types of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses and forms of sinusitis

The development of acute and chronic inflammatory processes in the nasal sinuses can cause complications such as:

the appearance of adenoids and polyps;
penetration of inflammation into the upper parts of the skull, as a result of which infectious meningitis and other acute inflammatory processes in the upper sinuses of the skull may develop;
decreased immunity;
chronic colds;
inflammation of the middle ear, bronchi, lungs, orbits;
infection by pathogenic microorganisms;
deformations of the nasal cavity as a result of the development of inflammatory processes

Symptoms of sinusitis include unpleasant sensations in the nose, constant nasal congestion, headache and fever. At the stage of mucus formation in the sinuses, special products should be used to help remove nasal congestion and restore normal respiratory functions. When pus forms in the nasal sinuses, which is the result of the activity of pathogenic microbes and parasites. To avoid purulent infections of bone tissue, doctors prescribe antimicrobial drugs that help eliminate the focus of purulent inflammation in the maxillary sinuses. If this is not done in time, then the patient will simultaneously develop sinusitis and otitis media, which is one of the types of complications of purulent inflammation of the maxillary sinuses.

viral;
bacterial aerobic or anaerobic;
fungal;
traumatic;
allergic;
mixed;
endogenous;
perforative.

Having identified the etiology of sinusitis, the doctor prescribes the most effective antimicrobial therapy, which will prevent the infectious focus from penetrating into other cavities of the skull

Risk factors for infection entering the tympanic cavity

In some cases, the risk of simultaneous sinusitis and otitis media increases. These include:

Chronic diseases of the nasopharynx. In this condition, the spread of pathogenic organisms occurs in a latent form, with virtually no symptoms. This often happens if sinusitis was not treated or the patient self-medicated.
Reduced immunity. In this case, the lymphatic system of the nasopharynx weakens its protection, which allows pathogens to easily penetrate the Eustachian tube and further into other hearing organs.
Incorrect rinsing of the sinuses during sinusitis. Sanitation is a mandatory procedure for this disease, which should preferably be carried out under the supervision of a doctor. When washing on your own, the patient may make a mistake, and the purulent segment will penetrate into the hearing organs, which will lead to otitis media.
Failure to comply with the therapy for sinusitis recommended by the otolaryngologist. To avoid complications of this disease, you need to strictly follow the treatment regimen and follow all the doctor’s recommendations.
Patients with congenital or acquired diseases of the nasal cavity. These also include skull injuries, polyps and adenoids.
Anatomical predisposition. Most often, this group includes children under 3 years of age, since the hearing organs are not yet fully formed. In particular, the Eustachian tube in an adult is 35 mm, while in children it is only 20 mm, which allows infection to penetrate the organ of hearing faster. Therefore, even a simple runny nose in a child often ends in otitis media. Also at risk are patients with congenital anomalies of the facial skeletal system.

Reduced immunity increases the risk of developing sinusitis and otitis media at the same time

All of the above factors do not mean that patients in these categories will necessarily constantly suffer from sinusitis and otitis media. In these cases, it will be sufficient to be more attentive to your health - promptly treat even a mild runny nose and monitor the state of your immunity.

Antibacterial therapy of acute otitis media and sinusitis in adults in outpatient practice

About the article

4431

Regular issues of "RMZh" No. 21 dated November 2, 2004 p. 1188

Category: General articles

Authors: Kryukov A.I. 1, 2, Turovsky A.B. 1, 3 1 GBUZ NIKIO named after. L.I. Sverzhevsky DZM, Moscow 2 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Russian National Research Medical University named after. N.I. Pirogov Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow 3 GBUZ "GKB im. V.V. Veresaeva DZM", Moscow

For quotation:

Kryukov A.I., Turovsky A.B. Antibacterial therapy of acute otitis media and sinusitis in adults in outpatient practice. RMJ. 2004;12(21):1188.

Acute otitis media and acute sinusitis are the most common pathologies in the outpatient practice of an otolaryngologist [1]. These diseases usually develop against the background of a respiratory viral infection. However, the pronounced clinical picture of these diseases is almost always due to subsequent bacterial invasion of the middle ear and paranasal sinuses. In the United States, 31 million patients seek medical care for acute otitis media annually; in approximately a quarter of cases, these patients are prescribed antibacterial drugs. In Europe, the incidence of acute sinusitis is 1–5% per year among adults. In Russia, 10 million people suffer from acute sinusitis annually [3,4]. ARVI is the most common condition preceding acute sinusitis. On average, 0.5–10% of acute respiratory viral infections are complicated by the development of bacterial sinusitis [10,11]. At the same time, it has been shown that in patients with ARVI, in 87% of cases there are changes on CT scans of the paranasal sinuses in the first days of the disease [9,10]. When studying the contents of the sinuses, rhinovirus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses were most often isolated [6,7,8]. Since infection of the middle ear and paranasal sinuses is of a rhinogenic nature, the bacterial flora cultured in acute sinusitis (AS) and acute otitis media (AOM) is approximately the same [5–8]. The most common causative agents of these diseases are Str. Pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, cultured in 60–80% of cases. Less common pathogens are Moraxella catarralis (it is cultured in approximately 10% of cases), as well as Staphylococcus aureus and Str. haemolythicus (type A) (Fig. 1). There is no strict correspondence between the etiology of AOM and OS and the clinical picture of the disease, however, it should be noted that pneumococcal AOM and OS are usually more severe, more often lead to the development of complications and are not prone to self-resolution (Table 1). Thus, pneumococcus is a key causative agent of AOM and OS, and therefore the choice of antibacterial agent is focused on this pathogen. As a result of the tendency of some pathogens to self-eradicate, the question of the advisability of using systemic antibacterial therapy for acute otitis media remains controversial (Fig. 2). However, most otorhinolaryngologists recommend the use of systemic antibiotics in all cases of AOM and OS due to the risk of complications. Thus, before the era of antibiotics, intracranial complications against the background of purulent forms of AOM and OS developed in approximately 2% of cases; about 25% of all patients in ENT departments were patients with intracranial complications. Currently, such complications are much less common (0.04–0.15%). Thus, today infections of the ENT organs are one of the leading indications for the prescription of antibiotics. In France, more than 3 million are written annually [7], and in the USA - about 30 million prescriptions for antibiotics for AOM and OS [8]. An important question is when to start antibacterial therapy. In the first days of the disease, based on the clinical picture, it can be difficult to differentiate variants of the course of ARVI, in which antibiotics are not required, from acute bacterial infections. It is clear that if the symptoms of ARVI, despite symptomatic treatment, persist without improvement for more than 7 days or progress, then antibiotics are necessary. Obviously, the “gold standard” in choosing an antibacterial drug is still a bacteriological study of tympanic exudate with determination of the species composition of the flora and its sensitivity to antibiotics. In the vast majority of cases, in practice it is necessary to prescribe empirical antibacterial therapy. However, even the use of antibiotics active against pathogens isolated from the middle ear does not always determine clinical recovery. The general trend today is increasing resistance of pneumococcus to penicillin, macrolides, tetracyclines, and Haemophilus influenzae - to aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin) and tetracyclines. All strains of Moraxella and Staphylococcus aureus should be considered resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, carbenicillin and piperacillin, since these microorganisms in most cases (80% and above) are producers of beta-lactamases that destroy these antibiotics [2]. According to available data (Fig. 3), in Russia, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, including those isolated from acute sinusitis, remain highly sensitive to aminopenicillins and cephalosporins: 91% of S. pneumoniae strains are sensitive to penicillin, 99.5% – to amoxicillin, 98.1% – to cefuroxime; 95.2% of H. influenzae strains are sensitive to ampicillin, 99.5% to amoxicillin/clavulanate, and 100% to cefotaxime and cefepime [1,2]. Considering the rather significant frequency of occurrence of microbial associations in AOM and OS, in addition to the pathogen’s own resistance, the resistance of the associate is of great importance (Fig. 4). Among other things, it should be remembered that resistance selection occurs during the use of antibiotics. In outpatient settings, it is not only undesirable, but in most cases it is contraindicated to use parenteral antibiotics. In this regard, ampicillin (due to its low bioavailability - 30–40% compared to the 90% bioavailability of amoxicillin), as well as most cephalosporins, are unsuitable for use in outpatient settings. In light of the above, the need for the rational use of antibiotics that are effective against the main, and especially the most prognostically unfavorable pathogens, becomes of particular importance. Oral drugs that meet this requirement, and therefore the leading drugs for empirical treatment of AOM and OS in outpatient practice, should be considered amoxicillin, since it is most active against pneumococcus with low and medium levels of penicillin resistance (when used in high doses), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (Panklav). With intolerance? –lactams – modern macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin, clarithromycin). If pathogens are resistant to amoxicillin, the ineffectiveness of previous antibacterial therapy or the use of antibiotics during the last month, with recurrent forms of acute otitis media and sinusitis - amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime ascetil and the latest generation of fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin 500 mg x 1 time / day. , moxifloxacin 400 mg x 1 time / day), Recommendations for the choice of antibiotics are presented in Figures 5 and 6. The effectiveness of treatment is assessed according to the following criteria. Prescribing adequate systemic antibacterial therapy, as a rule, leads to a rapid (24–48 hours) improvement in the patient’s well-being, normalization of body temperature, and disappearance of general symptoms. Otherwise, a change in antibacterial drug is usually required. Residual changes in hearing and a feeling of nasal congestion can remain up to 2 weeks after the complete disappearance of clinical symptoms of AOM and OS and do not require continued antibacterial therapy.

References 1. Kozlov et al. // Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology – 2004 – No. 6. 2. Kozlov S.N. et al. // Clinical microbiology and antibacterial chemotherapy. – 2004 –t.6. – No. 2 p.124–132. 3. Treatment and diagnostic tactics for acute bacterial sinusitis // Methodological recommendations of the Moscow Department of Health / Comp. Kryukov A.I. et al. – M. – 2002. – 15 p. 4. Acute otitis media. Diagnostics and treatment // Methodological recommendations of the Moscow Department of Health / Comp. Kryukov A.I. et al. – M. – 2004. 27 p. 5. Tarasov A., Kamanin E., Kryukov A., Strachunsky L. Klin. microbiol. and antimicrobial. chemotherapy 2002; 1: 70–82. 6. Antibacterials and adjunctive therapies required in sinusitis. Drugs 1996; 7: 1013. 7. Cohen R. The antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media and sinusitis in children. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1997;27:49–53. 8. Bauchner H. The role of parents in prescribing antibiotics to children. News of the International Union for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics (IURPA), 1998;1:1 9. Gwaltney JM Acute community–acquired sinusitis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1996; 23: 12091223. 10. Lund V, Gwaltney J, Baguero F, Echolos R, et al. Infectious rhinosinusitis in adults: classification, etiology and management. J. Ear, Nose & Throat. 1997; 76: 22. 11. Wald ER Diagnosis and management of sinusitis in children. Ped. Infect. Dis. 1998; 9:411.

Content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Share the article on social networks

Recommend the article to your colleagues

Principles and methods of therapy for pathologies

For sinusitis complicated by otitis, complex therapy is prescribed, aimed primarily at eliminating the underlying disease. It is recommended to use both medications and traditional medicine recipes.

Medication

To treat sinusitis and otitis, not only antibiotics are used at the same time, but also other groups of drugs:

Antibiotics. The choice of remedy depends on the severity and form of the disease. In mild cases, local drugs are prescribed, in complex cases, broad-spectrum drugs are prescribed. The minimum course of treatment is 5 days, the maximum is 14 days. With the right antibiotic, the patient’s condition improves within the first days of therapy. Depending on the form of the disease, drugs from the subgroups of cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, penicillins or macrolides are prescribed.
Herbal medicines. Herbal remedies help relieve swelling and accelerate the removal of pus.
Moisturizing sprays. Preparations based on sea salt moisturize the nasal mucosa, thin the mucus and speed up its removal.
Vasoconstrictor drops. They help relieve swelling in the nasal cavity and make breathing easier. The maximum course of treatment is 5 days. You cannot use them for longer, as they tend to dry out the nasal mucosa.
Drops for otitis media with antibiotics. They are divided into 2 groups - antibiotics and combined. The latter, in addition to destroying harmful microflora, help relieve pain and inflammation.
Anti-inflammatory drugs. Relieves acute symptoms of the disease - fever, pain and chills.
Antihistamines. Effectively relieve swelling.

Physiotherapy sessions are carried out simultaneously with the course of drug treatment. When treating with antibiotics, it should be remembered that they have a negative effect on the intestinal microflora. Therefore, the entire course should be consumed with fermented milk products, and at the end of treatment, a one-time dose of an antifungal drug is required.

Treatment of sinusitis and removal of ear congestion

For sinusitis and otitis, treatment is prescribed, aimed first at the source of inflammation. Typically this is sinusitis. First of all, a number of antibacterial drugs are selected and instilled into the nasal cavity. Doctors usually prescribe Polydex or Isofra drops. The drug is prescribed for a week, during which the purulent nature of the discharge will disappear, it will become more liquid and will be easily removed. If the inflammatory process is started, the antibiotic is taken orally. Medicines from the penicillin or cephalosporin groups will be effective.

It is imperative to rinse the nose of both children and adults; saline solutions are suitable for this. For example, "Aquamaris" or "Marimer". They moisturize the mucous membrane, thin the mucus, and accelerate its elimination.

In the first days of sinusitis, patients have difficulty breathing, so they need to use vasoconstrictor nasal drops:

"Nazol-spray";
"Nazivin";
"Vibrocil."

The period of use of drops should not exceed seven days, as it is addictive.

Otitis media and sinusitis are also treated with anti-inflammatory drugs Ibuprofen, for example, or Paracetamol. Penetrating into the body, they recognize the inflammatory process and help get rid of it faster.

Antihistamines are prescribed to prevent allergies and also to reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa.

To enhance the therapeutic effect, herbal medicines are prescribed, which contain medicinal herbs. They increase immunity, help speed up the healing process, and change the nature of discharge. A good representative of this category would be Sinupret.

After eliminating the acute period of the disease, sinusitis and otitis media will help to cure physical procedures, for example, magnetic waves and ultraviolet radiation.

Treatment of sinusitis and removal of ear congestion.

Folk remedies

Traditional medicine is no less effective than pharmaceutical drugs. They are often used as concomitant therapy. It is recommended to consult with your doctor before use.

brew 1 tbsp. herbs (calendula, chamomile or sage) in 250 ml of boiling water;
strain and cool the broth;
rinse the nasal passages every 3 hours.

Nasal rinsing is a traditional method of treating sinusitis and otitis media.

For this procedure, you can also use a solution of salt and soda. To do this, dilute 1 tsp. ingredients in 250 ml warm water. Wait until completely dissolved and begin rinsing.

dilute 10 g of propolis in 10 liters of hot water;
pour the solution into a wide container;
lean over it (to enhance the effect, you can cover yourself with a towel);
The procedure takes 10-15 minutes.

You can use hot potato decoction for inhalation.

Decoction of medicinal herbs.

Brew a collection of herbs in 2 liters of boiling water in equal parts (yarrow, chamomile, string, eucalyptus, lavender, St. John's wort, sage);
insist and strain;
take 100 ml 4 times a day.

Ointment made from natural ingredients.

mix equal parts of vegetable oil, honey and milk;
add 20 g of crushed laundry soap to the mixture;
cook the composition in a water bath until smooth;
add 1 tbsp to it. medical alcohol;
soak cotton swabs or bandages well in the solution;
insert them into the nasal passages one at a time, for 15 minutes each.

In the absence of acute symptoms (fever, chills) and purulent discharge, warming compresses made from camphor oil can be used to alleviate the condition of otitis media.

Tampons soaked in boric alcohol have worked well for otitis media. When using them, precautions must be taken. The drug should not be allowed to come into contact with the eardrum, as it has a destructive effect on it.

Complications and prognosis

In the absence of timely treatment, sinusitis complicated by otitis media can lead to more serious consequences. Complications of advanced disease include:

damage by pathogenic microorganisms to all respiratory organs;
destruction of the bone tissue of the skull;
purulent lesions and death of connective tissues;
complete or partial hearing loss;
internal otitis;
meningitis;
sepsis (entry of the pathogen into the blood).

This type of consequence can only be avoided if you follow all the recommendations of your doctor.

Impact on the health of the unborn child

A negative effect on the fetus due to ear disease occurs only if the inflammatory process is not treated. The spread of infection provokes intoxication of the body, and this is fraught with the most unforeseen complications.

Otitis media in pregnant women can lead to fetal hypoxia, intrauterine growth retardation, infection of amniotic fluid, premature birth and even cause the death of the child.

In the early stages, the disease is fraught with the threat of miscarriage and disruption in the formation of systems and organs. It is impossible to predict in advance what the outcome of complications of otitis media during pregnancy will be.

Prevention measures

In order to prevent the appearance of otitis media against the background of sinusitis or to strengthen the body after treatment, it is important to follow preventive measures. These include:

hardening;
good nutrition;
playing sports;
no hypothermia;
taking vitamin supplements;
nasal rinsing during cold season;
regular cleaning and ventilation of living spaces.

Exercise is included in the prevention of sinusitis and otitis media.

When suffering from sinusitis and otitis simultaneously, it is important for both adults and children to undergo a full course of therapy, which necessarily includes antibiotics. Only high-quality and timely medical care guarantees a complete cure, without the risk of complications.

Source: zdorovie-legkie.ru