Bilateral chronic parietal sinusitis: symptoms, treatment

Treatment of sinusitis

Treatment of the disease includes a special set of measures that are aimed at suppressing the source of infection and restoring drainage in the maxillary sinus.
Typically, acute sinusitis is treated with conservative methods, which primarily ensure a good outflow of sinus contents. Chronic sinusitis is treated using pharmacotherapy, which can only be selected and prescribed by a doctor. If there is excessive discharge of mucus and pus from the nasal sinuses, as well as severe pain, they are washed. To make a correct diagnosis, you need to know what parietal sinusitis is. It is quite difficult for specialists to determine the presence of this disease.

Parietal sinusitis occurs due to the proliferation of chlamydia, streptococci and mycoplasmas in the patient’s nasal sinuses. The risk of the disease increases if a person has a defect in the nasal septum.

Provoking factors include an incompletely cured runny nose. Parietal sinusitis develops due to a sharp decrease in immunity.

Symptoms of the disease can be noticed after scarlet fever or measles.

The disease occurs in people suffering from hyperplastic or. Parietal sinusitis develops in the patient’s sinuses due to. Some patients have too narrow nasal passages.

Most often, the disease occurs during the cold season, as a deficiency of vitamins and minerals leads to a decrease in immunity.

Stages of disease development

Symptoms and treatment of parietal sinusitis depend on the severity of the disease. The insidiousness of parietal sinusitis is that it is easy to confuse it with a common cold. At the initial stage, the disease cannot be determined without undergoing diagnostics.

During the acute stage, the patient develops headaches. Moreover, painful sensations most often occur in the area of the bridge of the nose. The patient has difficulty breathing through the nose due to swelling of the mucous membranes. If you do not take medications, the inflammatory process in the sinuses can become chronic.

Causes

As already mentioned, the disease is mainly provoked by infection. The most common pathogens are staphylococci, mycoplasmas, chlamydia, streptococci, hemophilus influenzae, and fungi.

Another group of reasons are pathologies that were treated incorrectly. Sinusitis also develops due to:

curvature of the nasal septum;
inflammation in the roots of the teeth, which are located near the sinuses;
narrowness of the nasal passages;
scarlet fever, measles;
colds that have not been treated (especially in children);
chronic pharyngitis or tonsillitis;
allergic rhinitis;
strong drops in ambient pressure when diving or frequent airplane flights.

The above diseases, like sinusitis itself, can appear against the background of decreased immunity, usually in the off-season. Then a weakened body that lacks vitamins is often unable to cope even with a common cold. Therefore, it must be supported on time.

Treatment prognosis and possible complications. Consequences

With timely detection of the disease and compliance with the treatment regimen, acute sinusitis disappears without a trace in 4–6 weeks, depending on the stage of the disease and the causative agent. However, interrupting the course of treatment may contribute to the transition of inflammation to a latent, chronic form.

In the complete absence of therapy, even with viral sinusitis, complications are possible in the form of a bacterial or fungal infection with all the ensuing consequences. Delay in treatment can cause the infection to spread throughout the body through the bloodstream, as well as its penetration into deeper tissues.

The main causes of acute sinusitis

Acute sinusitis is caused by viruses and bacteria. Of the bacteria, the most common are Haemophilus influenzae (21 - 35%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (21 - 43%), somewhat less common - Streptococcus pyogenes (about 4 - 10%), Moraxella catarrhalis (3 - 10%), Staphylococcus aureus (1 - 8%) and aerobes (1 - 9%).

With ARVI, in 90% of cases, sinusitis of a viral nature develops, which does not require antibacterial treatment. In 1 - 2% of patients with ARVI, the disease has a complicated course.

A feature of viral sinusitis is the rapid restoration of sinus function without treatment.
With a disease of a bacterial nature, pain and inflammation manifest themselves to a greater extent than with a viral one. The long-term existence of symptoms of sinusitis indicates its bacterial nature.

Causes

The causative agents are pathogenic microorganisms - staphylococci, streptococci, mycoplasmas, fungi, which easily penetrate a weakened body.

Decreased immunity

Many diseases can provoke a weakening of the body’s defenses, but the precursors of sinusitis are as follows:

chronic respiratory infections;
previous colds;
prolonged rhinitis of an infectious or allergic nature;
advanced caries of the teeth of the upper jaw.

Deviated septum

An abnormal anatomical structure of the nasal cavity, for example, a deviated septum or too narrow passages, predisposes to the development of sinusitis.

Complication after a cold

More often, the disease develops as a complication after a cold or other illnesses accompanied by a runny nose. Therefore, acute respiratory infections are treated under the supervision of a doctor; this will help prevent the development of complications such as sinusitis.

If it was not possible to avoid inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, at the first sign, contact an otolaryngologist for conservative therapy.

The mechanism of development of parietal sinusitis

The pathological process in the maxillary sinuses can be triggered by both infections and diseases. Staphylococcus, streptococcus, mycoplasma, chlamydia - all this pathogenic flora can lead to the development of sinusitis. Among the diseases that cause inflammation of the sinuses are:

respiratory diseases (ARVI);
tonsillitis and/or pharyngitis, their chronic course;
inflammatory lesions of the root system of the upper dentition;
sudden changes in cranial pressure (when flying on an airplane or diving);
prolonged vasomotor rhinitis;

Also, such a pathology can be caused by anatomical structural features or the result of a trauma to the nose, such as a deviated nasal septum and narrowing of the nasal passages.

In the acute course of the process, the symptoms are pronounced, and are manifested by pain in the head, eyes, loss of smell, and a possible rise in body temperature.

Parietal sinusitis has a less pronounced clinical picture, its symptoms are somewhat blurred. It is characterized by pain in the eye sockets, headache, persistent runny nose, which is difficult to treat, and conjunctivitis often develops. Prolonged ignoring of such symptoms can lead to complications and spread of the inflammatory process to the membranes of the brain.

When sinusitis passes into the chronic stage, the disease takes on an undulating course. Periods of remission, if the doctor’s recommendations are violated, are followed by periods of exacerbation. The duration of each period depends on the efforts and responsibility of the patient himself. It is important to promptly consult a doctor at the first appearance of an exacerbation, try not to freeze, promptly sanitize the oral cavity, treat sore throats and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

Features of the disease during pregnancy, breastfeeding and childhood

During pregnancy, a woman's immunity weakens significantly, and changes in hormonal levels, especially in the third trimester, contribute to the development of vasomotor rhinitis and increased secretion of all mucous surfaces. These factors increase the risk of developing complications of a runny nose, in the form of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, significantly.

Treatment is complicated by the fact that the use of most medications can negatively affect the unborn child, and surgical intervention, if indicated, must be postponed until pregnancy is resolved. The doctor may prescribe washing the sinuses with an antiseptic and saline solution using a YAMIK catheter, as well as physiotherapy to reduce inflammation in the mucous membrane. If bacteria have joined a viral infection, the use of antibiotics cannot be avoided; in this case, local drugs are selected that affect only the mucous membrane.

Treatment methods for sinusitis during lactation largely depend on the stage of the disease, the pathogen and the nature of the manifestations of the pathology. In case of productive or purulent sinusitis, when delay in treatment can significantly aggravate the patient’s condition, all necessary procedures are prescribed, during which the woman transfers the baby to formula feeding, while maintaining the opportunity to breastfeed in the future.

The sinuses in children under three years of age are in their infancy; as they grow older, the cavities in the bone tissue increase and along with this the risk of developing sinusitis increases.

Factors in the development of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses include:

weakened local immunity;
exposure to frequent respiratory diseases;
enlarged adenoids in the nose;
lack of acquired immunity to childhood viral diseases;
narrow nasal passages;
increased reactivity of the mucous membrane;
improper nose blowing.

Treatment of sinusitis in children is carried out under the supervision of a doctor; the use of traditional methods, such as heating, instilling vegetable juices and using internal compresses with aloe juice and honey, can harm the baby and provoke the development of a bacterial infection.

Specifics of therapy

For parietal sinusitis, conservative treatment is prescribed. An integrated approach is also very important, including sanitization of the sinuses, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics (according to the doctor’s indications).

Before using topical pharmacological drugs, it is important to thoroughly rinse the sinuses and nose from accumulated mucus. Disinfection is carried out using solutions based on sea salt

These are “Humer”, “Aqua Maris”, “Saline”, “No-Sol”. Another suitable saline solution is 9% NaCl.

To eliminate swelling and restore patency of the upper respiratory tract, you need to take antihistamines. The doctor usually prescribes Cetirizine, Tavegil, Desloratadine and Loratadine.

Antibiotics must be taken if laboratory methods have confirmed the presence of an infection in the sinuses. For oral use, penicillins (Amoxicillin or Amoxiclav) or macrolides (Azithromycin) are prescribed.

For severe pain, which sometimes accompanies parietal sinusitis, a person has to take Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Nise and Nimesil. These anti-inflammatory drugs help quickly relieve discomfort.

Methods for diagnosing the disease

When a patient comes to the clinic, the doctor initially collects anamnesis and performs a rhinoscopy - examination of the nasal passages using special mirrors and artificial lighting.

Before the manipulation, the outer part of the nose and wings are palpated, and the vestibule is examined. Then they begin the instrumental examination. Rhinoscopy determines the color and condition of the mucous membrane, its integrity, and structural changes. Parietal sinusitis is characterized by pallor of the epithelium or slight hyperemia, swelling, and thinning of the bloodstream. The nature and amount of exudate is also assessed.

In case of sinusitis, radiography is mandatory. Interpretation of the image when parietal sinusitis is detected:

decreased pneumatization of the maxillary sinus (air filling);
parietal darkening of the maxillary sinuses;
analysis of the condition of facial bones, eye orbits.

If there are difficulties in making a diagnosis, the patient is prescribed a computed tomography scan. This is a highly informative examination method that will allow you to examine in great detail the structural changes in the sinus mucosa, detect deformation, compaction, and inflammation.

MRI of the nose and sinuses for chronic sinusitis is indicated only if there are suspicions of constitutional abnormalities or the presence of neoplasms.

Disease prevention

First of all, to prevent parietal sinusitis, acute sinusitis must be treated well so that it does not become chronic and does not provoke trophic changes in the mucosa. You should also take rhinitis and dental diseases seriously.

To maintain the normal condition of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses, avoid inhaling dry or polluted air and tobacco smoke. To cleanse germs, use salt sprays regularly.

Be healthy!

Symptoms and signs of the stages of sinusitis

The inflammatory process caused by sinusitis develops gradually. The disease can cause discomfort from 1 week to a lifetime. There are initial, acute and chronic forms. If you choose poor-quality treatment or start the course of sinusitis, the pathology becomes more complicated and becomes advanced.

Initial or subacute

In the early stages, the symptoms of maxillitis are similar to the common cold. General malaise appears and body temperature rises. Swelling of the nasal mucosa develops, and vasoconstrictor drops only temporarily alleviate the condition. A person experiences abundant clear discharge, as well as pain in the sinus area during movement.

Treatment of the initial stage of sinusitis is possible at home. To do this, a set of measures is prescribed, consisting of medications, but the main role is given to rinsing. This procedure speeds up recovery and reduces the risk of complications.

Acute, or edema stage

In medicine, this stage is sometimes called exudative. The main sign of the stage is copious fluid secretion, as well as severe pain in the area of the inflamed sinuses. It gradually intensifies and is felt especially strongly during movement and chewing. Depending on the location, it can be unilateral or bilateral. Severe swelling appears, leading to impaired nasal breathing. In addition, general symptoms also increase:

hyperthermia;
sleep disturbance, appetite disturbance;
redness of the eyelids;
cough, sneezing;
change in voice, nasality;
swelling of the soft tissues of the face.

Urgent treatment is required; the choice of methods directly depends on the nature of sinusitis. For infectious sinusitis, not only standard medications and physiotherapy are prescribed, but also antibiotics.

Chronic

With a prolonged course or against the background of incorrectly selected treatment, sinusitis becomes chronic. The symptoms of the disease manifest themselves in paroxysms with pronounced periods of remission and relapses. Characteristic features:

release of exudate when expectorating in the morning, changing body position;
constant nasal congestion;
dry cough;
chronic inflammation of the eyes, sneezing and increased lacrimation;
sleep disturbance, snoring and apnea;
dullness or complete loss of smell (hyposmia and anosmia).

At this stage, sinusitis is difficult to treat. Therapy is aimed at eliminating and alleviating symptoms, as well as reducing the severity of inflammation. The main goal is to achieve stable remission and generally strengthen the immune system. Chronic sinusitis can last for years; over time, the duration of the relapse period increases, but the severity of symptoms decreases.

Complicated or advanced

This is not a classic stage; complicated maxillitis is considered as a consequence of the chronic form. Appears when the symptoms of acute sinusitis are ignored or during a long course of the disease.

Leads to changes in the tissues of the nasal mucosa; depending on the morphology, the following types are distinguished:

hyperplastic;
atrophic;
catarrhal;
polyposis;
mixed.

Can lead to serious complications in the nasopharynx, respiratory system, brain and other internal organs. Both conservative and surgical methods are used for treatment. There is a possibility of developing irreversible changes in the body, a chance of death, especially if it is infectious in nature.

What leads to violation

Thickening becomes a natural continuation of frequent colds, infectious diseases, hypothermia, and allergies. The development of pathology is promoted by:

rhinitis;
chronic sinusitis;
polyps;
injury;
excessive intake of medications that negatively affect the immune system;
acute lack of vitamins and weakening of the body's defenses;
congenital/acquired deviated septum.

Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses in each of these cases has its own characteristics.

With rhinitis, for example, the process develops not only in the maxillary cavity, but also in the frontal cavity, affecting the area of the larynx and pharynx. The examination reveals changes in the periosteum, the bones of the nasal turbinates, and the growth is observed more in the lower part of the nose. Thickening of the mucous membrane leads to a feeling of complete obstruction, and vasoconstrictor drops do not give a positive result. In addition, patients note deterioration in hearing, smell, and quality of sleep.

Other provoking factors include the development of purulent, purulent-polyposis, necrotic, and parietal sinusitis. Each of these types also has its own characteristics. For example, in the latter case, not only does the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus thicken, but the layer connecting it to the muscular layer is also affected.

If the maxillary sinuses are not washed in a timely manner, polyps form, and they are indicated by a feeling of congestion on one side. As the size of the formations increases, the wall becomes thicker, and as they increase, it is more difficult to breathe through the nose, and vasoconstrictor drops are of less and less benefit.

At the same time, the person cannot shake the feeling that there is a foreign body in the nose, he always wants to sneeze, and due to constant congestion, the patient tries to breathe through his mouth, which leads to pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and similar disorders.

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Hypertrophy, which occurs as a result of injury, deviated septum, and disruption of the structure of the nasal cavity, leads to increased secretion production and difficulty breathing during inhalation and exhalation. The person experiences:

headache;
discomfort in the area of the upper jaw and wings of the nose;
worsening sleep;
the appearance of tinnitus.

Previously appeared discharge becomes cloudy and turns white. The main general symptom is a lumpy appearance of the mucosa, as active formation of pineal seals occurs. All signs are more pronounced against the background of weak immunity and a significant lack of vitamins.

Traditional methods

Treatment of parietal sinusitis with folk remedies is popular among many patients. When undergoing a course of drug treatment, it is quite difficult to avoid side effects. People are starting to look for alternative treatments.

Mustard oil

To get rid of unpleasant symptoms, the patient can use mustard oil. It should be applied to the nose area with gentle massage movements.

The substances that make up mustard oil have an irritating effect on skin receptors. This causes blood flow to the inflamed area. A person experiences a feeling of warmth in the sinuses.

Garlic

Add tbsp to the resulting slurry. a spoonful of apple cider vinegar.

After this, put the mass in a separate container and pour 250 ml of boiling water.

To get positive results, you need to breathe over the garlic solution for 15 minutes.

Propolis solution

For inhalation, you can use a propolis solution. Its vapors penetrate the nasal passages and destroy pathogenic microorganisms. Propolis is a natural substance that has a strong bactericidal effect.

Aloe juice

Many folk recipes use aloe juice. The lower leaves of this plant are suitable for preparing a healing solution. Place them in the refrigerator for 12 hours.

After this, grind the raw materials in a blender. All that remains is to get rid of large particles of leaves. Pass the liquid through a piece of gauze and drop 2 drops into your nose 3 times a day.

Establishing diagnosis

An otolaryngologist diagnoses parietal sinusitis based on the results of the examination and the collected medical history. Palpates the maxillary sinus and checks the respiratory functions of the nose. In the absence of nasal discharge with simultaneous congestion, rhinoscopy is prescribed. During the examination of the nasal cavities, it is possible to detect an accumulation of pus.

If hyperplastic sinusitis occurs, then an x-ray examination will be more informative. With its help, it is possible to assess the condition of the sinuses and identify possible complications. If sinusitis is a consequence of a nasal injury, then radiography will determine its nature.

Among other research methods recommended for sinusitis:

MRI – prescribed in especially severe cases, it is highly informative;
computed tomography is an informative and high-speed method that is often offered to children and patients with acute pain;
microbiological examination - necessary in case of ineffectiveness of antibacterial therapy. Involves the extraction of exudate through puncture.

Additionally, you may need the help of a dentist, allergist-immunologist, or neurologist.

Symptoms

This condition has many characteristic signs, but you should pay attention to the following: the clinical picture depends on which sinus the inflammatory process occurs in. The most common symptoms include the following:

Difficulty breathing caused by nasal congestion - unilateral or bilateral;
Pain that is localized near the wings of the nose, bridge of the nose and jaw, and is periodic;
The presence of periodic nasal discharge that is cloudy white in color. At the initial stage of development of the disease, the discharge is liquid, then acquires a viscous consistency;
lacrimation;
Fatigue, loss of appetite and sleep.

As a rule, a disease such as parietal sinusitis does not imply the formation and discharge of purulent masses. However, if left untreated, this form can transform into chronic purulent sinusitis, which can cause irreversible consequences for human health and even life.

Main reasons

Many infections can provoke inflammation of the mucous membranes and accumulation of mucus inside the sinuses. The most common provocateurs are:

staphylococci,
streptococci,
hemophilus influenzae,
fungi,
chlamydia.

Of course, we should not forget that the disease can manifest itself as complications after an acute respiratory infection, and in this case the following factors can provoke it:

Chronic sinusitis often occurs against the background of a prolonged runny nose.
Allergic rhinitis.
Infectious diseases, such as measles.
Chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract.
Inflammation of the teeth of the upper jaw.
Narrowing of the nasal passages.
Various injuries of the nasal septum.
Weakened immunity.

Sinusitis often occurs in the spring-autumn period, when the human body is especially acutely aware of the lack of vitamins and is simply unable to fight many infections.

The parietal inflammatory process can be catarrhal. A characteristic sign of this form of disease is the absence of pus inside the sinuses. During the catarrhal inflammatory process, atrophy of the functional ciliary layer of the mucous membranes occurs. The entire layer is saturated with a certain secretion and significantly increases in size, filling the sinuses. It should be remembered that this disease should be treated despite the absence of pus in the cavities.
With purulent inflammation, leukocytes shift to the area of inflammation. White blood cells are active protective cells that are produced by the body to fight pathogenic microorganisms. Leukocytes capture bacteria at the site of infection and die, subsequently forming a purulent secretion.

The purulent inflammatory process is more complex than catarrhal. This happens due to the fact that not only increased formation of pus occurs, but also melting of the bone walls. Sinusitis of this form is the most dangerous due to its complications. If left untreated, meningitis and abscess may occur.

The main causes of chronic sinusitis

Chronic sinusitis most often has a bacterial nature, less often - fungal and allergic. The role of chlamydia infection is discussed.

In 48% of cases, the cause of the chronic form of sinusitis is anaerobes, in 52% of cases - aerobes (Streptococcus, influenzae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, M. catarrhalis).
Cases of chronic sinusitis, in which various fungi are detected, have become more frequent. It is believed that this is due to the uncontrolled use of antibiotics. Fungal sinusitis often develops in people with decreased immunity. The disease always takes a long time and is difficult to treat.
The role of protozoa in the development of the disease - chlamydia infection is discussed.
Chronic sinusitis that lasts a long time is often of an allergic nature. Allergic rhinitis is often reported in such patients. The disease develops when the body is hypersensitive to certain environmental substances – allergens. They can be pollen from certain plants, dust mites, animal dander, food, etc. Triggers—tobacco smoke and the odors of certain chemicals—can have a powerful irritating effect.

Treatment of sinusitis

Such a serious illness cannot be treated on your own. Trust your health to professionals. Medical specialists will carry out a full cycle of treatment for sinusitis, from diagnosis to discharge of the patient and final examination. The center has unique treatment methods:

Puncture for sinusitis - getting rid of fluid that has stagnated in the nasal cavity.
Yamik procedure for sinusitis - pumping out pus from several sinuses at once.
The “Cuckoo” procedure for sinusitis – rinsing without punctures.

These and other methods will allow you to effectively and safely cure even sinusitis during pregnancy, in children and the elderly.

Etiology and symptomatic picture of diseases

Most often in such cases, sinusitis is detected. It can develop in one or both cavities of the maxillary sinuses. It is characterized by the formation of purulent discharge, which, when accumulated, leads to difficulty breathing. As a result, the sense of smell sharply deteriorates, severe headaches occur, and vision often deteriorates.

If the darkening of the maxillary sinuses is diagnosed too late, they can spread to neighboring cavities.

In addition, other signs indicate the disease:

high body temperature;
severe nasal congestion;
general state of weakness;
hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness);
copious mucus secretion;
swelling of the eyes.

Sinusitis can also cause subtotal darkening. This is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the epithelium covering the paranasal sinuses. It is caused by viruses or pathogenic bacteria. It develops in case of untimely treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, acute runny nose, and various injuries in the facial area. In some situations, the source of infection is teeth affected by caries.

The clinical picture includes:

purulent nasal discharge;
photophobia (painful perception of bright light by the eye);
temperature increase;
impaired lacrimation;
constant headaches.

The pain effect manifests itself in the frontal and temporal lobes, occurring with the same frequency. Swelling of the eyes and cheeks may occur. To clarify the diagnosis, specialists turn to x-rays of the skull.

Depending on the speed and severity, acute and chronic forms of the disease are distinguished. The clinical picture of these two types is different.

In the acute form, the following symptoms are observed:

breathing problems;
pain in the frontal lobe, intensifying when pressed;
temperature increase.

Signs of chronic sinusitis include:

copious nasal discharge with a specific odor;
increased pain in case of drinking alcohol, smoking and fatigue;
severe pain in the frontal region, pressing or aching in nature;
Mostly in the morning, expectoration of sputum occurs.

If you have one or more of the symptoms described above, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Therapeutic measures

First of all, the specialist carries out a number of diagnostic measures to determine the type, stage and severity of the disease. For this purpose, the patient is sent for an X-ray examination. The resulting image fully reflects the picture of the development of the disease. In addition, if necessary, the composition and type of fluid filling the sinuses is determined.

However, more and more often today they resort only to medication, avoiding surgical intervention. The basis of such therapy is a variety of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. They quite effectively destroy the source of inflammatory processes.

Since this will not only not lead to recovery, but will also cause severe complications, including death.

Subtotal darkening of the maxillary sinuses quite naturally raises the patient’s question – what is it and what is causing it. Such changes can indicate a whole range of different diseases. But do not despair, because modern medicine allows us to reduce all negative manifestations of the disease to a minimum, and also makes it possible to avoid serious consequences. Specialists have precise diagnostic methods at their disposal, the main one being radiography. When treating, the doctor can rely on both drug therapy and surgical intervention.

What is it and what are the causes of the disease?

The parietal type of sinusitis is a chronic inflammation of the walls of the maxillary sinus, which affects the upper lining of the mucosa, penetrates into the deep layers of the epithelium and begins a pathological process in the structure of the bone tissue that makes up the ethmoid septa of the sinuses. Sinusitis develops along the posterior wall of the paranasal sinus after the disease has not been treated for a long period of time, or the doctor mistakenly confused the signs of sinusitis with ARVI or a common cold, choosing a treatment regimen for the patient using medications that were absolutely not advisable to use at that time.

Due to chronic inflammation, compaction of the parietal tissue occurs, which gradually passes into the stage of its atrophy and the patient receives constant swelling of the mucous membrane altered by the disease. The main danger of parietal sinusitis is the irreversibility of the processes of destruction of the structure of the maxillary sinus, as well as the high risk of bacterial infection of the bone tissue separating the mouths of the sinuses. The reasons for the development of the disease lie in the following negative factors present in the patient’s life:

foci of chronic infection present in close proximity to the nasopharynx, or in the internal organs, from which the bacterial microflora entered the cavity of the maxillary sinus along with the blood flow (the disease is most often provoked by infectious agents such as Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa);
facial injuries affecting the maxillary sinuses that were not properly treated;
prolonged rhinitis, lasting for several weeks, resulting from a cold, viral, bacterial or fungal infection that entered the cavity of the nasal canals, and then into the paranasal sinus itself;
an allergic reaction, manifested in the form of a profuse runny nose that does not stop for longer than 2 weeks (this factor causes parietal sinusitis if the patient does not take antihistamines);
an advanced form of caries of the upper teeth, characterized by complete or partial destruction of their crowns (in this case, the focus of microbes is untreated teeth that require urgent therapeutic or surgical intervention);
a deviated nasal septum that blocks stable air circulation.

A major role in the development of parietal sinusitis is influenced by the individual characteristics of the patient’s body, the activity of the cells of his immune system, the quality of nutrition, and the presence or absence of bad habits.

Specifics of therapy

Before using topical pharmacological drugs, it is important to thoroughly rinse the sinuses and nose from accumulated mucus. Disinfection is carried out using solutions based on sea salt

These are “Humer”, “Aqua Maris”, “Saline”, “No-Sol”. Another suitable saline solution is 9% NaCl.

To eliminate swelling and restore patency of the upper respiratory tract, you need to take antihistamines. The doctor usually prescribes Cetirizine, Tavegil, Desloratadine and Loratadine.

For severe pain, which sometimes accompanies parietal sinusitis, a person has to take Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Nise and Nimesil. These anti-inflammatory drugs help quickly relieve discomfort.

Surgical treatment of parietal sinusitis

Radical surgery, which has recently been carried out using a special endoscope, is carried out with the aim of removing altered areas of the mucous membrane and creating an artificial anastomosis between the sinus and the nasal passage. This ensures free drainage and aeration of the maxillary sinuses.

After radical surgery for parietal sinusitis, patients remain in the hospital for about a week. At this time, several washes are carried out, painkillers and antihistamines are given. Fever is a reason to administer antibiotics.

Next, maintenance therapy is prescribed, which helps prevent relapse of parietal sinusitis. As a rule, it consists of the same rinses for which astringents can be used, as well as regular electrophoresis with calcium chloride. In patients with allergic reactions, it is necessary to include antihistamines in the treatment regimen.

Among the operations that are performed to treat sinusitis are operations to remove polyps and adenoids, as well as correcting a deviated nasal septum.

Diagnostic methods

The most informative research method is x-ray diagnostics of the paranasal sinuses in 2 projections, which allows one to assess the location and amount of pathological contents in their cavity.

The traditional method of examination is anterior rhinoscopy, which reveals hyperemia of the nasal mucosa and the deposition of purulent masses in the area of the walls and bottom of the nasal cavity.

Sometimes MRI is used to diagnose formations in the nasal cavity. Examination using endoscopic equipment allows us to detail the swelling and inflammation of the anastomosis of the maxillary sinus.

In some cases, a puncture of the maxillary sinus is performed. Such a study makes it possible to collect secretions for culture on nutrient media in order to identify the causative agent of the disease.

Diagnosis of parietal sinusitis

Rhinoscopy helps diagnose the disease. During the procedure, the doctor examines the nasal cavity and can identify characteristic signs of the disease, in particular swelling and thick dirty yellow discharge that has dried on the walls of the nasal passages.

When examining the patient, attention is paid to redness and swelling of the outer membranes of the eye and tear ducts, as well as signs of dermatitis on the skin under the nose, which is caused by persistent drainage of mucus or pus. When palpating the sinuses and nearby tissues, pain may be felt.

Also, to diagnose parietal sinusitis, you may need:

dental examination. This is necessary to detect diseases that provoke sinusitis (deep caries, periodontitis, fistula, etc.). In this case, you will need to consult a dentist;
X-ray examination. The image will show where the inflammation is and whether there are abnormal thickenings in the sinuses;
endoscopy (allows you to visually assess the nature and extent of inflammation);
CT (makes it possible to obtain more accurate data on the condition of the walls of the maxillary sinus, as well as other paranasal sinuses and all parts of the facial skeleton);
diagnostic puncture of the sinus to confirm the diagnosis and establish the causative agent of sinusitis.

Stages of disease development

Of course, complications of sinusitis do not appear immediately. Parietal sinusitis develops gradually until it becomes threatening. In general, its course depends on the state of immunity and the type of pathogen. The following stages of disease development are distinguished:

Initial (subacute). It is difficult to determine, since external manifestations completely repeat the symptoms of a cold or acute respiratory viral infection.
Spicy. Pain in various areas of the head begins to bother you, but more often in the forehead and nose, and your overall health worsens.
Chronic. Appears due to untimely or incorrect treatment. At this stage, periods of exacerbation of the disease and its remission alternate.

Symptoms of tissue thickening

Signs of changes in the condition of the maxillary sinus mucosa are not specific only to this case.

Important: the constant inflammatory process changes the mucous membrane, cracks form in it, and polyps grow.

The symptoms are similar to most symptoms of respiratory diseases.

The chronic condition is characterized by the following complaints from patients:

Breathing is difficult both when inhaling and exhaling.
Constant nasal discharge, which has a different appearance and consistency.
Often the discharge smells like pus. It can be felt even when the patient breathes.
It is difficult for the patient to blow his nose; there is a feeling of mucus, but it is difficult to remove it from the nasal cavity.
This condition is characterized by a deterioration in the sense of smell, up to its complete loss.
The patient's voice becomes nasal, the person speaks “into his nose.”
There may be complaints of congestion, pain and tinnitus.
If an increase in mucous occurs due to the development of sinusitis, then in the initial stages the mucus will be liquid. At this stage, sinusitis is catarrhal. As the disease progresses, it will become thicker and thicker. The development of a purulent stage of the disease is possible.
Sometimes, when the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses thickens, a person’s eyelids swell and their eyes water. Their soreness may mistakenly suggest conjunctivitis.
Headaches come in varying intensity, nature and location.
Allergic reactions are accompanied by a liquid state of mucus discharged from the nose.
In the cheek area, on the sides of the nose, pain appears, increasing with pressure.
During an exacerbation, the body temperature rises and the condition worsens sharply.

When the acute stage passes, even if the condition has already become chronic, the patient begins to feel better. The satisfactory condition lasts until the next onset of the acute stage.

The patient gets used to his condition and the alternation of these periods; he does not consult a doctor.