Treatment regimen for sinusitis in adults: drugs

Sinusitis is a common disease in otolaryngology. It is an inflammation in the maxillary sinuses of the nose, accompanied by the formation and stagnation of pus and mucus, swelling of the nasal cavity and general intoxication of the body. Often, sinusitis is the result of a prolonged runny nose and occurs as a result of the addition of a bacterial and fungal infection. The fungal form of the disease takes longer to treat and more often leads to the development of complications compared to bacterial sinusitis, so it is important to consult a doctor in a timely manner for proper diagnosis.

How to treat sinusitis with medications

How to recognize sinusitis?

The disease is characterized by a severe course and vivid symptoms. One of the main clinical manifestations of sinusitis is a severe headache that occurs in the frontal and temporal parts and intensifies with head movements (turns and bends forward). In some situations, painful sensations may appear in the area of ​​the wings of the nose, in the area of ​​the ears, and even in the jawbone. During illness, body temperature is usually elevated to 38-38.5 degrees, but sometimes the readings remain within subfebrile values. This is due to the fact that the bacteria contained in the pus release toxins into the body, which poison the body and cause general intoxication.

Symptoms of sinusitis

Other characteristic signs of the disease:

• swelling and swelling of the face, unevenly distributed;
• deterioration of the olfactory and taste receptors;
• nasal congestion;
• painful reaction to light, sneezing and turning the head;
• lacrimation;
• chills;
• purulent and mucous discharge from the nasal passages (may have a yellow or green color);
• lethargy, weakness and drowsiness.

Inflammatory process with sinusitis

The temperature with sinusitis can rise irregularly. Doctors consider this clinical picture to be the most unfavorable for the patient, therefore treatment for such symptoms should be carried out under the constant supervision of a specialist and only as prescribed. Any of the listed signs is a reason to contact an otolaryngologist and undergo an examination, based on the results of which the patient will be prescribed appropriate treatment.

Is surgery always necessary?

One of the most popular and effective methods of treating sinusitis is surgical puncture. Using a special sterile needle, the doctor makes a puncture in the wall of the maxillary sinus and performs drainage, removing purulent contents. After completion of the procedure, the sinus cavity is washed with an antiseptic solution to prevent inflammatory processes and secondary infection. Despite its high efficiency, the method has several disadvantages:

• psychological discomfort of the patient, fear of medical instruments (the puncture is performed under local anesthesia);
• high probability of relapse;
• the risk of fistula formation between the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity.

Puncture of the maxillary sinus

If the disease is not advanced, doctors use drug treatment. It is longer than surgery, but less traumatic and easier to tolerate by patients.

Compresses for sinusitis

Before using these remedies for sinusitis, you should find out in what cases you can warm the maxillary sinuses during inflammation, and when you should limit yourself to cold compresses.

And in this case, you should listen to the advice of doctors:

1. You can: Warming up is allowed at the beginning of the disease, when there is still no accumulation of pus. They are also used when the exacerbation has passed and the patient is recovering.
2. Don’t: During the period of exacerbation of sinusitis, any use of thermal procedures will lead to complications and increased formation of pus.

If you use folk remedies to treat sinusitis, the most effective compresses will help you cope with the disease:

1. Camphor alcohol. For a compress, take a small piece of cloth moistened with water. Its surface is sprinkled with a small amount of camphor alcohol, and the fabric is applied to the forehead area. The forehead should be covered from above. The compress should not be removed until a burning sensation is felt. Therapy is carried out until it becomes easier.
2. Salt and honey. These two ingredients are taken from a 1:3 ratio; it is better to use fine salt. The components are mixed and the mixture is applied to the surface of the forehead. The product works better in warm conditions, so it is better to wrap a towel or scarf around your head. The procedure lasts one and a half to two hours, and it is not recommended to lie down during this time, otherwise the drainage of fluid from the nose to the outside will be difficult, and it can flow into the oropharynx, spreading the infection throughout the body.
3. Garlic with butter. You should pass the garlic cloves through a press to get 1 teaspoon of pulp. The same amount of melted butter is added to it. The mixture is applied to the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses and left overnight. In the morning, it is recommended to remove the compress and perform potato inhalation - this will significantly enhance the effect.
4. Paraffin. Paraffin is melted using a water bath, applied to the nose on both sides - layer by layer, and in the same way to the forehead. A layer of film with holes for the mouth and eyes should be placed on top of the compress, covered with a cloth, providing warmth.
5. Salt. A steep saline solution is introduced - salt is added to hot water so that it completely dissolves. As soon as the salt is dissolved, the product is ready. A wool bandage is soaked in the solution, placed on the forehead and the head is wrapped.

Traditional medicine is a real storehouse of various methods and recipes that can relieve the inflammatory process, and not only alleviate the patient’s condition, but also cure the disease. However, you should know in moderation in everything, use only on the recommendation of a doctor, so as not to aggravate the situation. Treatment should help, not complicate the course of the disease!

Antibiotics for sinusitis

Antibiotics are the main component of combination drug therapy for acute sinusitis. They destroy the bacterial flora that causes the infection and help speed up the healing process, as well as avoid serious consequences. To choose the right antibiotic, you need to consult a doctor for an analysis of the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics of a certain group. Using the wrong drug will make treatment ineffective, which can lead to the development of serious diseases: meningitis (inflammation of the meninges), sepsis (blood poisoning), etc.

Sinusitis on x-ray

To identify the strains of bacteria that caused the infectious process, the patient undergoes a culture of the sinus contents, based on the results of which the doctor selects a suitable and effective medicine. Comparative characteristics of antibacterial drugs for the treatment of sinusitis

Important! If the patient experiences an allergic reaction, it is necessary to contact the attending physician to change the drug. Independent selection of drugs from the group of antibiotics is not allowed. In the absence of laboratory culture data, the patient is prescribed broad-spectrum medications - penicillin antibiotics.

Video - Treatment of sinusitis

Local antibiotics

Antibiotics for topical use are available in the form of sprays for nasal use and inhalation, which should be used from 3-4 to 5-6 times a day (depending on the type of medication). The most effective means for local therapy:

• "Isofra";
• "Polydex";
• "Framycetin";
• "Fuzafungin".

Antibacterial nasal drops for sinusitis

The duration of therapy ranges from 7 to 14 days.

Important! It is not recommended to stop therapy before the recommended period, as this can lead to the development of resistance of microorganisms to the active substance of the drug and provoke relapses of the disease.

Tablets for sinusitis: effect and contraindications

Treatment of sinusitis involves fighting the infection that develops in the maxillary sinuses.

Having thus restored drainage, the outflow of mucus and pus will occur faster.

How and with what to treat sinusitis depends on the degree and form of the disease.

As a rule, tablets for sinusitis are used in conjunction with local procedures - drops, nasal rinsing, inhalations.

Tablets for sinusitis can be divided into groups:

• antibiotics;
• antiviral tablets;
• mucolytics;
• analgesics;
• decongestants.

Antibiotics are prescribed in almost all cases of sinusitis. They effectively fight the source of infection, which makes them indispensable in treatment. As a rule, one course of treatment, which is 7-10 days, is enough to eliminate the infection in order to protect yourself from puncture. Only a doctor can tell you the name of antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis. You should not self-medicate.

The best antibiotics for sinusitis are considered to be the penicillin group, macrolides, and cephalosporins. Among them the most popular are:

• Amoxicillin (Flemoxin Solutab).
• Macropen (has an antimicrobial effect).
• Augmentin (destroys pathogenic bacteria).
• Cephalexin and Azithromycin (prescribed in case of intolerance to penicillin).

It is also possible to use Flemoxin for sore throat.

As a rule, the list of prescribed antibiotics is dominated by penicillins, which have proven themselves to be particularly effective in combating infections associated with diseases of the ENT organs. But there are cases of intolerance to penicillin, then macrolides or cephalosporins of the I-III generation come to the rescue. The doctor must decide which antibiotics to take.

It must be remembered that the effectiveness of antibiotics until the pus comes out of the maxillary sinuses is always weak. And there is no need to be afraid if the doctor prescribes several different antibiotics at once - this is dictated by the need to treat sinusitis not only locally, but also at the level of the whole organism.

Antibiotics for sinusitis, like any other remedy, have contraindications. Antibacterial therapy should not be taken if you have liver or kidney disorders or a tendency to develop allergies. Pregnant women and nursing mothers should not take antibiotics.

It is important to know

To avoid consequences, before using antibiotics you need to read the instructions, since each group presented above has its own contraindications.

When using antibiotic tablets for sinusitis as treatment, you need to know the following:

• What antibiotics to take for sinusitis and for how long depends on the severity of the sinusitis and the antibiotic itself (how effective it is in fighting the infection).
• Very often, the specific type of antibiotic prescribed depends on what kind of antibiotic you have taken in the past and whether it helped. If it helped, don’t experiment, stay with it.
• If improvement does not occur on the 5th day of treatment, you need to change the antibiotic.
• Remember, antibiotics treat the source of the disease, other medications - decongestants, inhalation solutions, mucolytics - only relieve symptoms and help clear the sinuses.

Tablets for sinusitis with antiviral effect. For sinusitis, antibiotics are not always effective. If the cause of sinusitis is a viral infection, you need to be treated with antiviral therapy. For viral sinusitis, one of the most popular means of fighting the virus is Sinupret tablets.

The positive quality of this medicine is the plant origin of the active substance, so these tablets for sinusitis can be taken by absolutely all patients. Restrictions on taking the medication include intolerance to the active ingredients of the drug.

The mechanism of operation of the drug is as follows - the active substance relieves the inflammatory process, affecting the outflow of pus and mucus in the maxillary sinuses, which accelerates the process of their release. As a result, the maxillary sinuses are free and their swelling subsides.

Tablets for sinusitis with a mucolytic effect . Mucolytics are medications that do not directly affect the source of inflammation; their effectiveness is manifested in the fact that they change the physical qualities of the mucus that is released from the maxillary sinuses. Mucolytics are safe to use; they are often combined with traditional methods of treating sinusitis.

This group of tablets for sinusitis is represented by drugs under the following names: Guafenizin, Fluimucil, Mucodin. They dissolve pus and mucus in the maxillary sinuses, which helps accelerate their outflow.

You should not take mucolytics if you have intolerance or hypersensitivity to the main components of the drug.

In addition, contraindications for mucolytic tablets for sinusitis are:

• gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum);
• bronchial asthma;
• renal and liver failure.

Mucolytics are not prescribed to children under 18 years of age. Guafenesin and other mucolytic tablets for sinusitis are prescribed to pregnant and lactating women with caution, eliminating the risk to the baby.

A medicine for sinusitis with a decongestant effect . Decongestant tablets for sinusitis combat swelling of the nasal mucosa or maxillary sinuses. Swelling is relieved due to the effect on the functioning of the blood vessels of the mucous membrane. Reducing the blood supply to the maxillary sinuses leads to a decrease in nasal congestion.

Decongestants are not used as the main treatment, but are prescribed along with antibiotics. Their combined use with home therapy will help effectively fight the infection and relieve the symptoms of the disease. The active ingredients in the tablets are alpha adrenergic agonists with hydrochloride - oxymetazoline, phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine. If there is intolerance or hypersensitivity to the active substances, decongestants should not be taken.

Decongestant medications have their own contraindications. They should not be taken by people with diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, or gastric and duodenal ulcers.

It is important to know

Children under 12 years of age, pregnant and lactating women are not prescribed decongestants.

Analgesics. They are also used not to treat sinusitis, but to relieve symptoms such as pain and lowering temperature.

The most common analgesics are:

• Ibuprofen.
• Paracetamol.
• Aspirin.

For sinusitis, analgesics are taken as prescribed by a doctor and the duration of their use should not exceed 7 days.

Contraindications when using analgesics:

• allergic reactions;
• ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.

Like decongestants, analgesics are contraindicated in children under 12 years of age. To relieve pain and fever, children have their own medications, for example, Ibuprofen, but with a children's dosage, it is better known to us as Nurofen.

What drops are used to treat sinusitis?

In addition to antibiotics, treatment of the disease includes symptomatic treatment aimed at eliminating signs of the disease. To relieve congestion and eliminate swelling, the doctor may prescribe drops with a vasoconstrictor effect to the patient. Such medications are highly effective and begin to act within a few minutes after use, but they should not be abused, as this can lead to atrophy of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity. The maximum period of use of vasoconstrictor drugs is 5 days. The use of the following medications gives good results in the complex treatment of sinusitis:

• "Naphthyzin";
• "Nazivin";
• "For nose";
• "Xylometazoline";
• "Snoop";
• "Galazolin."

For the treatment of acute and chronic sinusitis, the patient may be prescribed medications in the form of drops belonging to other pharmacological groups.
A detailed list of effective drugs is presented below. "Sinuforte". This is a homeopathic medicine, the main active ingredient of which is cyclamen juice. It must be used within 14 days. Due to the high allergenic properties, Sinuforte is not recommended for use by pregnant and lactating women, as well as persons prone to allergies. Cyclamen juice in some cases can increase blood pressure, so arterial hypertension is a contraindication for use.

Sinuforte for the treatment of sinusitis

Sinuforte. Indications for use

Method of administration and dosage of Sinuforte

"Dr. Theis Nazolin" . Eucalyptus oil, which is part of the drops, has antiseptic properties and disinfects the nasal cavity, preventing secondary infections.

Dr. Theiss Nazolin nasal spray for sinusitis

Directions for use and dosage Dr. Theis Nazolin

"Vibrocil" . A drug containing histamine blockers and substances that improve blood circulation in blood vessels. Helps get rid of congestion and eliminate swelling, effectively copes with increased mucus formation.

Vibrocil for sinusitis

Directions for use and dosage Vibrocil

"Rinopront" . A combined drug that constricts blood vessels and blocks the production of histamine.

Rhinopront

Rhinopront method of application and dose

"Polydex" . The drops contain antibiotics and corticosteroids that destroy bacteria and fungi that cause the development of pathogenic flora.

Polydexa spray against sinusitis

Method of administration and dosage of Polydex

"Pinosol" . A herbal preparation based on essential oils and plant juice. Eliminates congestion, helps cope with swelling, activates local protective reactions.

Pinosol drops and ointment

Pinosol applications and dosage

Medicines against sinusitis

When the sinus cavity does not yet contain a large amount of pus, the doctor prescribes conservative therapy using general and local medications. Tablets are necessary for acute, subacute and chronic forms of the disease, regardless of its type, be it bilateral, left-sided or right-sided. Depending on the causative agent of the disease, antibiotics, antiviral or antimycotic drugs become the basis of therapy. To relieve symptoms of the disease, the following are additionally prescribed:

1. Homeopathic remedies. They strengthen the immune system, increase the vitality of the body, and help to cope with the disease faster.
2. Mucolytic. Available in the form of drops or syrup. Their action is aimed at thinning the mucus in the maxillary sinuses.
3. Analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Necessary for relieving pain and fever.

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Antibiotics

Bacteria are a common cause of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. Only antibacterial drugs are effective against them. They are divided into several groups, each of which is effective against certain microorganisms. Antibiotics are often prescribed based on experience, based on the body's temperature response, the color of nasal exudate and other characteristic symptoms.

In the absence of cultures, penicillins are prescribed, which have a wide spectrum of action. Antibiotics from this group prevent bacteria from destroying the drug. The basis of penicillins is amoxicillin clavulanate. It is sold under the following trade names:

1. Augmentin. Available in the form of tablets, powder for suspension or solution for injection. For mild or moderately severe infection, take 1 pc. 3 times a day. The medicine is prohibited in case of hypersensitivity to the components of the drug and beta-lactams. Plus, it is a modern antibacterial drug. The downside is a large list of side effects, like most antibiotics.
2. Ampiox. Based on ampicillin - an improved semi-synthetic penicillin. Available in the form of capsules and powder in bottles. Contraindications include infectious mononucleosis, hypersensitivity, toxic-allergic reactions to penicillin, lymphocytic leukemia. Take 0.5-1 g 2-4 times a day. Plus – acts on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The downside is that ampicillin has an aggressive effect on the intestinal microflora.

Cephalosporins are indicated for intolerance to penicillins. This category includes drugs of the second and third generations. They are widely used in conditions of budget deficits and rising prices. The main cephalosporins are Cefaclor, Ceftibuten, Cefixime. The last active ingredient contains the following antibiotics:

1. Pantsef. Release form: tablets, granules for preparing suspensions. The advantage of the drug is that it can be used in pediatric practice. In addition, bacteria slowly develop resistance to the drug. The downside is that there are numerous side effects. You need to take 8 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 24 hours. Maximum per day – 400 mg. The duration of therapy is 7-10 days.
2. Suprax Solutab. The advantage of the drug is its easy-to-use form of release in the form of tablets for sinusitis, soluble in water. The downside is the high cost, but it is justified by the effectiveness of the medicine. The daily dose is 400 mg in 1-2 doses.

Macrolides have activity similar to inhibitor-protected penicillins. If the latter are ineffective or intolerant, antibiotics from this category based on josamycin, clarithromycin or azithromycin are prescribed. The more common ones are the latter:

1. Sumamed. Available in capsules, tablets and powder. The downside of the antibiotic is that over time, bacteria may develop resistance to the drug. Initially, it is possessed by aerobic microorganisms Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis and anaerobic Bacteroides fragilis. The advantage is the rapid absorption of the active ingredient and its rapid distribution throughout the body. You need to take 500 mg daily. The course of treatment is up to 3 days.
2. Chemomycin. In the pharmacy it is presented in lyophilisate, capsules, and powder for suspension. An advantage of the antibiotic is its good ability to penetrate the tissues of the genitourinary and respiratory systems. The dosage is 500 mg per day in a course of 3 days.

Fluoroquinolones are considered heavy “artillery”, therefore they are prescribed in the absence of a positive effect from other antibiotics. Such drugs are used to treat only adults, and in extreme cases. They block the DNA of bacteria, which leads to their death. The fluoroquinolone category includes:

• Lomefloxacin (Lomacin, Lomeflox, Xenaquin);
• Ciprofloxacin (Quintor, Ificipro, Zindolin);
• Norfloxacin (Lokson, Negaflox).

If bacteria are insensitive to the above antibiotics, tetracycline drugs are prescribed. They are not so safe, so they are strictly prohibited during pregnancy. Otherwise, the fetus may develop deformities. Women who took such antibiotics gave birth to children with absolute deafness. For some patients, the doctor prescribes several antibiotics from different groups at once.

Homeopathic tablets

A common method of treating sinusitis is homeopathy. The composition of such tablets for sinusitis includes various substances, which in microdoses act on the “wedge by wedge” principle. These are not plant components, but special ingredients that provoke inflammation in high concentrations.

1. Cinnabsin. Latin name: Cinnabsin. The composition includes Kalium bichromicum D3, Hydrastis D3, Echinacea D1, Cinnabaris D3. The advantage of the medication is that, in addition to being anti-inflammatory, it has an immunostimulating effect. The downside is the lack of pharmacokinetic data. The dosage is determined by the age of the patient. Contraindications are intolerance to chromium, Echinacea angustifolia, leukemia, collagenosis, chronic viral diseases.
2. Gamorin. Available in the form of granules, including Kalium bichromicum, cinnabaris, thuja occidentalis, pulsatilla. Plus - the medicine is multicomponent. Do not take if you are under 18 years of age or have hypersensitivity. The dosage is 5 granules 3-4 times a day. They need to be dissolved. The downside is an allergic reaction.
3. Gaymorin. Complex homeopathic remedy. Its benefits: normalizes metabolic and drainage processes, facilitates nasal breathing. The disadvantage is the possible development of allergies. 5 granules should be placed under the tongue and dissolved. Take this 3-6 times a day.

Mucolytic

Mucolytics include tablets that dilute the viscous secretion, which facilitates its subsequent removal. Among these medications, the following are often used:

1. Guafenizin. This is a chemical compound produced in the form of syrup and tablets for sinusitis and cough. In addition to the expectorant, it has a mucoltic effect. The advantage of the drug: reduces viscosity and facilitates mucus production, stimulates the production of neutral polysaccharides. The product is contraindicated for wet cough, stomach or duodenal ulcers, age under 2 years, allergies to the composition. The downside is possible side reactions. You need to take 200-400 mg 3-4 times daily.
2. Mukodin. These are capsules or syrup based on carbocisteine. Plus - the second form of release is allowed for the child to take. Dosage depends on age. Adults need to take 750 mg or 15 ml of syrup up to 3 times daily. Contraindications include acute glomerulonephritis, cystitis, lactation, pregnancy, erosions or ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract. Among the shortcomings, there is a lack of data on the pharmacokinetics of tablets for sinusitis.
3. Fluimucil. Based on acetylcysteine. The advantage is that it is available in easy-to-use forms, such as solution, granules and effervescent tablets. Another plus is that it does not lose effectiveness even with purulent sputum. Among the shortcomings, there is a large list of negative reactions. Fluimucil should not be used during breastfeeding or during exacerbation of gastric and duodenal ulcers. The dosage is 600 mg daily in 3 divided doses.

Antiviral

If the cause of the disease is viruses, then taking antibacterial tablets for sinusitis is irrational. In this case, it is necessary to take antiviral drugs, such as:

1. Arbidol. The active ingredient is umifenovir. The release form of the product is gelatin capsules and tablets. Advantage - Arbidol is effective against coronavirus, influenza A and B viruses, which cause inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. Another plus is that the medicine is low-toxic. Minus - has no effect on bacteria. You should not take Arbidol if you are hypersensitive to the components, up to 3 years. The daily dose depends on the age of the patient.
2. Oscilococcinum. These are homeopathic granules of white color. The advantage of the medication is that it can be used to prevent viral infections. One of the disadvantages is the lack of information about the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drug. The drug is contraindicated for glucose-galactose malabsorption, fructose intolerance, hypersensitivity to components.

Painkillers

Sinusitis is often accompanied by fever and headaches, so to alleviate the condition, the patient is prescribed tablets based on analgin and other painkillers. Frequently used ones are:

1. Ibuprofen. The advantage of the drug is that it quickly exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. The downside is that the medication affects laboratory parameters: it increases bleeding time, increases the concentration of liver transaminases, and reduces serum glucose concentration. The dosage for adults is 3-4 pcs. in a day. The list of contraindications should be clarified in the instructions for the drug; it includes a large list of pathologies.
2. Aspirin. Acetylsalicylic acid in the composition acts as a disaggregant and antipyretic. Advantages of the medicine: relieves joint and muscle pain, eliminates fever. The disadvantage is that with long-term use of Aspirin, serious complications may occur, including renal failure, thrombocytosis, and myocardial degeneration. You can take the medicine for no longer than 5 days, 300 mg every 4-8 hours.
3. Acetminophen. The active ingredient is paracetamol. The advantage of the drug is that it exhibits several effects at once: a rapid decrease in temperature, elimination of pain and inflammation. Among the disadvantages is a possible allergy after taking it. The dosage daily is 500 mg 3-4 times. You should not take Acetaminophen if you have renal and hepatic failure, anemia, or under the age of 12 years.

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Antiseptics

The main task in the treatment of acute and chronic sinusitis is the removal of purulent contents from the cavity, as well as its cleansing of bacteria, viruses and other pathogenic microorganisms. The patient is prescribed antiseptic solutions, for example:

• "Miramistin";
• "Dioxidin";
• "Protargol";
• "Furacilin".

Important! Antiseptics are introduced into the nasal cavity after preliminary cleansing with saline solution. You can buy a sterile solution at a pharmacy or prepare it yourself. To do this, you need to dilute a tablespoon of salt in a glass of warm boiled water. You need to rinse your nose several times a day (at least 4-5 in the active phase of the disease).

Instructions on how to properly rinse your nose

If you don’t want to prepare the solution yourself, you can buy preparations based on sea water: “Aqualor”, “Salin”, “Aquamaris” or saline solution.

Bacteriophages or antibiotics?

Bacteriophages are less commonly used to treat bacterial sinusitis (compared to antibiotics), although they are considered safer and have virtually no side effects. The low demand for drugs in this group is explained by the high cost - one bottle can cost from 2,000 to 4,500 rubles. Bacteriophages are used primarily to treat children with weakened immune systems and chronic diseases. Before prescribing a treatment regimen, the child must undergo bacteriological culture to identify the causative agent of the infection. The use of the product is especially effective for diseases caused by Klebsiella and Staphylococcus. Taking into account the results obtained, the doctor selects the type of bacteriophages that are suitable for treating the disease in each specific case.

Important! Drugs of this group should be stored in the freezer, warming the required amount of medication before use.

Reasons for the development of sinusitis

The main cause of this disease is infection. Sinusitis can be caused by already suffered illnesses: influenza, measles, complications after scarlet fever and even allergies. You should carefully monitor the condition of your teeth, as an infection in the oral cavity can also develop into sinusitis.

Sinusitis

A person who has a cold needs to recover as soon as possible. If treatment for a cold has been prolonged and mucus is constantly released from the nose, then you should urgently consult an otolaryngologist.

The secondary causes of inflammation of the maxillary sinus are:

• deviated nasal septum;
• proliferation of benign formations in the nasal passages;
• wet and windy weather;
• weak or weakened immunity and many others.

Recommendations for treatment and regimen

During the treatment period, doctors recommend bed rest, since the acute period of the disease is characterized by severity and severe intoxication. If this is not possible, it is important to limit physical activity and avoid sudden turns and bends. The drinking regime during illness should be plentiful - this is necessary to prevent mucus from drying out and facilitate its removal from the maxillary sinuses.

Ibuprofen to reduce fever for sinusitis

If the patient has a fever, you can use medications with an antipyretic effect: Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, etc. The use of antihistamines will help to quickly cope with nasal congestion and reduce the risk of allergic reactions, which often appear in response to the use of antibiotics and other potent drugs.

Important! If the pain when bending or turning does not go away or intensifies, you should consult a doctor, since there is a high probability of stagnation of purulent contents in the maxillary sinuses. If the patient is not provided with timely assistance, a decrease or complete loss of vision and a number of other serious consequences are possible.

How to take Ibuprofen for sore throat, sinusitis and cough

An inflammatory process caused by staphylococcus or streptococcus, affecting the palatine tonsils - tonsillitis. It causes pain, chills and other symptoms that make you feel worse. Ibuprofen for sore throat helps reduce pain. The drug not only reduces pain, but also fights high fever and has an anti-inflammatory effect.

The product can mask the main symptoms. Relief of pain does not mean that the disease has gone away. Ibuprofen is used only for symptomatic treatment or complex therapy.

Action for sore throat

For severe sore throat, Ibuprofen has a quick pain-relieving effect. In addition, the medicine relieves fever and inflammation. But this is a symptomatic treatment, since Ibuprofen does not destroy the pathogenic microorganisms that cause the disease. It reduces the body's immune response to an infectious factor (hyperemia, sore throat).

Patients, having used the medicine, get rid of pain and stop further treatment. If you use Ibuprofen to treat a sore throat as an independent remedy, there is a high probability that a relapse of the disease will occur.

Severe pain, swelling of the throat mucosa, difficulty swallowing, and the appearance of white plaque on the tonsils are observed with purulent sore throat. Ibuprofen is then used as an analgesic and antipyretic. In order to completely cure the disease, it is prescribed along with antibiotics, since they can destroy pathogenic microflora.

Mode of application

For severe pain due to angina, Ibuprofen is prescribed in the following dosage:

• adults – 1 tablet 3 times a day;
• children 6-9 (20-30 kg) – 0.5 tablets each. 3 times a day;
• children 9-12 years old: 1 tablet. 3 times a day.

For angina in children, Ibuprofen is used only with the permission of the pediatrician and in the dosage prescribed by the doctor. Take the tablets with plenty of water and drink them after meals. The period between doses should not be less than 4 hours.

You cannot use the medicine on your own, because it has many contraindications and can cause side effects such as:

• stomach pain;
• irritability;
• headaches;
• dyspeptic disorders;
• allergic reactions.

If any discomfort or unwanted symptoms occur, you should stop taking it and notify your doctor. He will change the dosage or replace Ibuprofen with a medicine from a different group.

If you have a sore throat, you should take Ibuprofen in the dosage recommended by your doctor and for a short course.

This is due to the fact that the medicine belongs to the group of non-steroidal drugs, the main side effect of which is a harmful effect on the gastric mucosa.

When taken for a long time, the medicine can cause gastritis and even stomach ulcers. In addition, it should not be used by patients with:

• stomach ulcer;
• gastritis;
• liver and kidney dysfunction;
• disorders of the cardiac system;
• diabetes mellitus

In addition, it affects blood clotting and reduces it. Therefore, for people with a history of internal bleeding or a predisposition to it, the use of the drug is contraindicated.

Instructions and price of Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen for the treatment of sore throat in pregnant women is used only in the first and second trimester of pregnancy.

In addition, the drug can cause abortion in later stages. Doctors prohibit the use of Ibuprofen during lactation.

Ibuprofen for acute respiratory infections

Orvi is accompanied by:

• increased temperature;
• headache;
• chills;
• aching joints;
• irritation of the throat mucosa;
• cough;
• nasal congestion.

To relieve these symptoms, doctors recommend using Ibuprofen for ARVI.

It will help alleviate the patient’s condition, relieve sore throat and body aches during the acute period of the disease. But paracetamol is more effective for cold symptoms.

It has a more pronounced antipyretic effect, affects thermoregulation processes in the body, affecting the nervous system.

The drug does not relieve fever, but activates the body's protective functions. This makes it possible to reduce the temperature to normal.

Treatment with paracetamol is carried out during the acute period of the disease, when it is accompanied by high fever, as well as for chronic colds.

It is gentle and effective and does not negatively affect the gastrointestinal tract. Prescribe it 1 tablet 3 times a day. The maximum is 400 mg. Take 1-2 hours after meals.

This way it has less effect on the gastric mucosa and gives the desired effect.

The drug is not used during pregnancy. Paracetamol therapy is carried out after consultation with a doctor. If a visit to the doctor is not possible, then the course of treatment is 3-5 days.

Ibuprofen for a sore throat is taken to relieve severe pain. Treatment is carried out after consultation with a doctor.

The therapeutic effect of the drug is enhanced if it is used in the treatment of sore throat with other medications (antibiotics, throat sprays).

You should not prescribe Ibuprofen yourself, as it has many contraindications and causes unwanted reactions in the body.

Today, ARVI, acute respiratory infections and colds remain one of the most common diseases. And although they are not given due attention, believing that everything will go away on its own, there must be treatment, because the body is not always able to cope with a cold on its own.

In the absence of adequate therapeutic influences, a number of serious complications can occur. For example, if the treatment of ARVI was inadequate, this can lead to the development of pathological processes such as otitis media and sinusitis. These complications will require more prolonged therapy.

To prevent such consequences from occurring, the doctor, based on the diagnosis obtained, draws up an effective treatment regimen that will eliminate the cold without harming the body. Ibuprofen can easily be classified as one of these drugs.

It is actively used in the treatment of influenza and colds.

Ibuprofen is a medical drug that belongs to the category of non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs. It is a derivative of phenylpropionic acid. The medicine effectively stops the inflammatory process, relieves pain and reduces elevated body temperature.

Read ginger for colds and how to use it here.

Under the influence of the presented component, the synthesis of prostaglandins is inhibited. These are biologically active substances that play one of the most important roles in the formation of the inflammatory process, pain and fever. The action of Ibuprofen is aimed at suppressing platelet aggregation.

Taking the drug in question orally, its active components are quickly introduced into the digestive tract. If you combine the medication with food, the process of implementation of its components slows down. Inactivation of the drug is observed in the liver, and removal from the body occurs naturally.

The medication can be released in various forms - tablets, ointment, gel, suppositories and suspensions. When treating flu or colds, Ibuprofen is used in the form of tablets, suspensions and rectal suppositories. The latter option is used in the treatment of colds in young patients.

If the dosage of the medication is incorrectly formulated, side effects may occur, including:

• dizziness,
• bad dream,
• headache,
• excitation.

Sometimes treating a cold with Ibuprofen can cause vomiting, nausea, heartburn, flatulence, diarrhea and pain in the stomach. Side discharge can manifest itself in the form of edema, skin rash and bronchospasm. With prolonged use of Ibuprofen, anemia, bleeding, and renal dysfunction may develop.

It is forbidden to take Ibuprofen for ulcers and gastritis in the acute stage, with impaired functioning of the optic nerve, hematopoietic organs, as well as with severe kidney and liver failure.

Pregnant patients should not treat colds or flu with ibuprofen while in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. But the first and second trimester allows you to treat colds with the drug in question. Also, Ibuprofen is not restricted for use by nursing mothers.

What are the most popular anti-inflammatory drugs for colds for children, and how to choose them, can be found in this article.

How effective is the drug asterisk for colds, and how it should be used, is indicated in the article.

Sore throat is an inflammation of the tonsils, so the disease occurs with severe sore throat, but coughing usually does not bother patients.

If coughing attacks appear against the background of acute tonsillitis, then you need to first think about the complication of the infection and the formation of acute laryngitis.

To prevent the inflammatory process from spreading down the respiratory tract, it is necessary to promptly identify and treat a cough with a sore throat.

With uncomplicated sore throat, as a rule, the cough does not bother the patient. The symptom may appear if there is concomitant chronic pathology of the trachea and bronchi or when a complication of acute tonsillitis develops.

The diagnosis of tonsillitis is made by detecting inflammation of the tonsils - islands of lymphatic tissue in the pharynx. The patient is bothered by a sore throat, but there is no cough, since cough receptors are not expressed in this part of the oropharynx.

If a dry, barking, strong cough appears, then the infection has spread down into the larynx and laryngitis has formed. If sputum begins to cough up, it means that inflammation has invaded the trachea.

There may also be an exacerbation of chronic tracheitis or bronchitis against the background of weakening of the body from sore throat.

It is not uncommon to have a cough after a sore throat as a residual phenomenon of the inflammatory process in the larynx, trachea or bronchi. In any case, the appearance of an atypical symptom is a reason to consult a doctor and understand the cause.

If a child develops a cough during a sore throat, this indicates the spread of infection, which can lead to even greater complications. That is, if the inflammation spreads to the pharynx and trachea, it can invade the bronchi and lungs. The problem is made more serious by the development of cough with sore throat in children while taking antibiotics, which indicates weak immunity or a resistant strain of the pathogen.

What to do if drug treatment is ineffective?

If the effect of conservative treatment does not occur within 7-14 days, the patient undergoes surgical therapy (puncture). Some are afraid of this manipulation because of the risks of the disease becoming chronic. There really is such a possibility, but it happens extremely rarely - usually after incomplete or protracted treatment, as well as the patient’s failure to comply with the doctor’s recommendations. Indications for surgical puncture are also:

• high temperature, accompanied by severe pain, fever and chills;
• horizontal level in the maxillary sinuses, determined using computed tomography or x-ray examination;
• bursting painful sensations that interfere with normal life and performing usual household chores;
• stagnation of pus in the maxillary sinuses.

If conservative therapy is effective, but it is low, the doctor may extend the duration of drug treatment to 3 weeks. If there is no significant improvement, the patient will be referred for surgical treatment. Sinusitis is a serious pathology that, if left untreated (or with incorrectly selected therapy), can lead to severe, deadly diseases: meningitis and sepsis. Early consultation with a doctor and timely initiation of treatment allows you to avoid surgical intervention and complications from other organs and systems, so you should not ignore the doctor’s prescriptions and recommendations.

Vasoconstrictor drops for sinusitis

Nazivin

Nazivin drops have proven themselves in the treatment of sinusitis

The drops have proven themselves to be effective in the treatment of sinusitis; the results from their use last for 12 hours, after which the next dose must be used. Nazivin drops are available in several concentrations, each of which is suitable for its age category. Regardless of age, during an inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses, 1-2 drops of Nazivin should be instilled into the nasal cavity up to three times a day. The last procedure is carried out before going to bed. The duration of therapy should not exceed one week.

Afrin

The product is available in the form of a spray, which should be used only as directed by the attending physician, as it dries out the nasal cavity quite intensively. For a milder effect, you can use Afrin moisturizing spray, which will prevent crusts and scratches from forming due to intense sputum production. The product can only be used from the age of six. The dosage for all age groups is the same and is three injections twice a day. From 15 years of age, if necessary, the number of daily uses can be increased to three. The duration of therapy is no more than five days.

Attention! When eliminating the symptoms of sinusitis, it is recommended to use vasoconstrictor drops only before going to bed, as they can excessively dry out the nasal mucosa.

ENT diseases - general information on News4Health.ru

Otolaryngology is a branch of clinical medicine that studies the physiology and pathology of the throat, nose, ear and adjacent anatomical areas, as well as developing methods for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of these organs. Otolaryngologists or ENT doctors (laryngo-otorhinologists) treat pathologies of the throat, nose and ear. The anatomical proximity and functional relationship of the ENT organs with each other led to the unification of their diseases into one area of ​​medical science.

The areas of otolaryngology are audiology, which studies hearing impairments (hearing loss, deafness), and phoniatrics, which studies voice disorders (dysphonia).

Diseases of the ear, nose and throat accompany a person from early childhood throughout his life. For the most part, these diseases are inflammatory in nature, since the ENT organs are closely connected and are in constant interaction with the environment. The mucous membranes of the ENT organs contain a large number of opportunistic microorganisms, which, at the slightest imbalance in the body, turn into pathogenic microorganisms and lead to disease.

Among the most common diseases of the nasal cavity are adenoids, rhinitis, sinusitis, sinusitis, injuries of the nasal septum, and nosebleeds. Ear diseases often include otitis, tympanitis, eustachitis, and traumatic injuries. Common throat diseases include laryngitis, pharyngitis, chronic tonsillitis and other acute and chronic conditions. Megacities, with their large overcrowding and poor ecology, are a particularly favorable background for the development of ENT diseases.

Diseases of the ear, nose and throat are often complications of previous viral infections and develop against a background of weakened immunity. Each of the numerous diseases of the ENT organs has its own symptoms and clinical picture. The following symptoms should cause particular concern: persistent headaches, enlarged submandibular lymph nodes, pain in the throat and ears, deterioration of hearing and smell, difficulty in nasal breathing, discharge from the nose or ear. If, after suffering from a cold, several of the listed symptoms are present at once, then we can talk about advanced inflammation.

Delaying treatment or self-medication of any ENT pathology is fraught with serious health consequences. Disease in one of these organs can cause complications in the other. Often a common runny nose causes complications such as otitis media or sinusitis. Therefore, their treatment should always be interconnected and comprehensive. Prolonged inflammatory processes of the nose, ear and throat can also cause damage to other organs: heart, kidneys, joints. In addition, the anatomical proximity to the brain and eyes, developed innervation and blood supply to the head makes us consider ENT diseases as one of the most serious in terms of the development of life-threatening complications.

Modern methods for diagnosing ENT pathology include laboratory tests, endoscopic and computer studies of the nose, throat, and ear, ultrasound, and puncture of the paranasal sinuses.

The most important task in the treatment of otolaryngological diseases is to prevent the disease from becoming chronic. Therapeutic (drug, physiotherapeutic) and surgical methods are used in the treatment of ENT pathology. In recent years, minimally invasive laser and endoscopic methods have been actively used to treat otolaryngological pathologies, as well as methods of cosmetic and plastic surgery.