How to administer Ceftriaxone into the nose for children

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Ceftriaxone is a semisynthetic antibiotic from the class of third-generation cephalosporins. Due to its wide spectrum of action, it is allowed in minimal doses from the second trimester of pregnancy. The medicine has proven effective in treating infections of the ENT organs, respiratory system, and skin diseases. Use only on the recommendation of a doctor.

How does Ceftriaxone help with pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases?

After oral administration, the maximum concentration of the drug in the lung tissue is achieved after 2 hours. The therapeutic effect of the drug is achieved due to its antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the main purpose of Ceftriaxone is the treatment of pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases that are infectious in nature. In particular, the drug suppresses cell division of gram-positive aerobic infections, which include most pathogenic bacteria. As a result of this process, microorganisms are not able to multiply further and the inflammatory focus in the lungs is gradually localized.

Taking into account the activity of immune system cells, the patient’s recovery is accelerated several times. The only exceptions are complicated forms of pneumonia, when pneumonia is provoked by an enterococcal infection. These strains of microorganisms are naturally resistant to Ceftriaxone. Streptococci have similar immunity, so before starting treatment it is necessary to take a bacterial culture of sputum to determine the type of microorganisms that provoked the disease of the respiratory system.

Contraindications

In general, the drug is well tolerated by all organs and systems of the body. The only exception is the presence of the following factors and circumstances:

the patient’s individual tendency to allergic reactions to the active substances of Ceftriaxone;
hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics and penicillins;
chronic renal or liver failure.

During the initial examination of the body, the doctor prescribing an antibiotic for use clarifies whether the patient has other concomitant diseases that may contraindicate the use of this drug.

Instructions for use of Ceftriaxone - injections and tablets, course of treatment and dosage

When administering an antibiotic intramuscularly or intravenously, the recommended dose for adults is 2 ml of the prepared injection solution. In this case, 500 mg of dry powder is dissolved in 2 ml of saline solution or in injection water. The drug is administered in the morning and evening.

Tablets are taken 3 times a day, 1-2 pieces after meals, with a small amount of water.

How many days to inject for pneumonia?

If the patient has an inflammatory process in the lung tissue, Ceftriaxone injections are prescribed for a therapeutic course of treatment lasting from 10 to 15 days. It all depends on the severity and extent of the inflammatory focus.

How many days to inject for bronchitis?

For acute bronchitis, injections are prescribed for up to 10 days. Treatment of chronic bronchitis requires a more thorough approach, and the duration of taking the drug is determined individually by the attending physician. As a rule, the treatment of chronic bronchitis follows the same scheme as the treatment of pneumonia and the patient receives Ceftriaxone injections for about 15 days.

Features of taking the drug for children and pregnant women.

Women who are pregnant are prescribed Ceftriaxone tablets and injections only if the health of the expectant mother is critical and the potential harm from using the drug is lower than from the consequences of a pulmonary disease. In this case, pregnant women are given 1 injection with a dose of 2 ml once a day. For children under 3 years of age, the drug is contraindicated for use. An older child takes 1 tablet 3 times a day. The injections are given in the form of 1 injection per day (dosage 2 ml).

Ceftriaxone inhalation: how to dilute, dosage, course

Ceftriaxone for inhalation is diluted at the rate of 1 g of powder per 5 ml of water for injection. The duration of the procedure is determined by the power of the nebulizer - from 3 to 5 minutes. Recommended average daily dosages for this solution and treatment regimen are shown in the table.

Age	Amount of solution per day	Amount of solution per time	Volume of saline solution per time
Adults and children from 12 years old	5 ml	2.5 ml	2 ml
Children from 6 to 12 years old	2-4 ml	1-2 ml	2 ml
Children under 6 years old	1-2 ml	0.5-1 ml	Up to 2 ml

The dosage of Ceftriaxone may vary depending on:

severity of the infectious disease;
sensitivity of the microbe to this antibiotic;
the use of other antibacterial drugs in inhalation or orally, in injections.

The approximate course is 5-7 days, it is determined individually by reducing the temperature, eliminating the symptoms of the disease, as well as the results of the analysis.

If inhalations are done in an insufficient dose or in a shorter course than necessary, then instead of recovery, resistance to the antibiotic develops or sensitization occurs, that is, increased sensitivity. In such patients, with subsequent administration of Ceftriaxone or another drug from the group of cephalosporins or penicillins, a severe allergic reaction may occur.

Side effects

During multiple clinical trials, the following side effects were recorded in patients:

dizziness and headache;
various renal dysfunctions, urinary retention;
bloating;
nausea and vomiting;
stomatitis with the formation of multiple wound ulcers in the oral cavity;
watery diarrhea associated with severe abdominal pain;
increased platelet concentration in the blood;
nosebleeds;
allergic skin reactions in the form of itching, hives and red rashes throughout the body.

It is also impossible to exclude the development of such a pathological condition as sudden anaphylactic shock and extensive bronchospasm. The likelihood of such behavior by the organism is unlikely, but still possible. You must always be prepared to provide emergency medical care to a patient.

Why is Ceftriaxone prescribed for inhalation?

Ceftriaxone for inhalation can only be prescribed by a doctor for the treatment of purulent inflammation with:

sinusitis (infection in the maxillary sinuses);
tonsillitis (sore throat), pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx) and tonsillopharyngitis;
tracheitis;
bronchitis (acute or exacerbation of chronic);
pneumonia;
acute otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear).

This drug is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and destroys bacteria that cause an infectious disease. This helps reduce inflammation and temperature response, relieve and eliminate cough, improve breathing and the general condition of the patient.

Advantages of administration using a nebulizer

When Ceftriaxone is administered via a nebulizer, the following advantages are noted (compared to injections):

no pain, no need to add an anesthetic drug (Lidocaine, Novocaine), which is important if they are intolerant;
a smaller amount of antibiotic penetrates into the blood, it mainly remains in the respiratory tract;
you can use smaller doses and a short course;
lower risk of adverse reactions from the kidneys, liver, and intestines (diarrhea due to dysbacteriosis is less common);
fast delivery to the site of inflammation;
creating the required concentration on the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx;
It is easy to carry out the procedure on a child, elderly or weakened patient.

We recommend reading about how many days to inject Ceftriaxone. From the article you will learn about for which diseases and for how many days Ceftriaxone should be injected into children and adults, how to dilute the drug, and the interval between injections.

And here is more information about the rules for using Ceftriaxone for bronchitis.

Contraindications

Inhalations with Ceftriaxone are prohibited if:

intolerance;
lack of preliminary examination (tests, culture, radiography) and confirmation of the sensitivity of the microbe to this antibiotic;
an allergic reaction in the past to antibiotics from the group of cephalosporins, penicillins;
allergies in any form - food, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive (with bronchospasm) bronchitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis (skin lesions), nasal polyps, seasonal runny nose;
high body temperature (if it rises above 37.5 degrees, procedures can be permitted after taking an antipyretic);
the appearance of streaks or blood in nasal discharge or sputum;
severe diseases of the heart and blood vessels: defects, heart failure, arrhythmia, angina pectoris, recent heart attack, stroke, arterial hypertension;
suspicion of a tumor process or active tuberculosis (until the diagnosis is clarified).

Possible complications

Inhalations with Ceftriaxone are dangerous due to the development of complications:

allergies - skin rashes, itching, irritation, urticaria, swelling, in severe cases swelling of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and larynx, attacks of suffocation quickly develops;
fungal infection - oral thrush;
changes in the blood - increased eosinophils (an indicator of an allergic reaction), decreased red blood cells, white blood cells;
general – headache, dizziness, swelling, chills, fever.

If a cough, sore throat, nausea or deterioration in breathing occurs during the procedure or worsens, inhalation should be stopped immediately, and if an attack of suffocation develops, an urgent call to the ambulance is necessary.

Analogues and generics

The modern pharmacological industry offers a wide selection of cephalosporin antibiotics, which in their chemical formula and therapeutic effect are analogues of Ceftriaxone. These include the following medications:

Azaran;
Betasporin;
Tsefson;
Rocephin;
Thorocef;
Lendatsin;
Medakson;
Longacef.

These drugs are produced by various companies specializing in the production of antibacterial drugs, but they all have the same effect on the same group of aerobic microorganisms that affect the respiratory system.

Reviews

The main reviews from patients treated for bronchitis or pneumonia using Ceftriaxone are positive. Here is a small excerpt of consumer opinions:

“I live in a cold and harsh region, where cold even in the warm season is a normal phenomenon. Since childhood I have suffered from colds and coughs. As I got older, I began to notice that wheezing appeared in my chest even when I seemed to be completely healthy. I was examined and it turned out that I have chronic bronchitis. I went for injections for 2 weeks. Then a break, and after that I completed 1 more course. I haven’t been sick for a year now and I forgot what a cough is!” – Karina, Novosibirsk.
“As a child, I suffered from a severe form of pneumonia with inflammation of the pleural layers. Since then, pulmonary diseases have haunted me every winter. Doctors say that the local immunity of the respiratory system has been boosted. As soon as another illness begins, I inject myself with Ceftriaxone and do not stay in bed for more than 3 days.” - Maxim, Yekaterinburg.
“Last year, my youngest daughter was hospitalized with pneumonia. How many medications were tried, but real improvement began only after intravenous administration of Ceftriaxone. Positive dynamics towards recovery began immediately. I breathed a sigh of relief. Thank you! The medicine is excellent!” - Alexandra, 41 years old.

There are no negative reviews about the drug, since this antibiotic is prescribed when a patient is diagnosed with a specific type of infection that the drug can successfully treat.

Analogues of the drug

Ceftriaxone is sold under the same trade name, as well as in the form of the drugs Lendacin and Rocephin, Azaran, Cephatrin. Its group analogues are: Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoperazone. All questions about replacing one medication with another must be agreed with your doctor.

Ceftriaxone and Cefatoxime - which is better?

If we compare Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime, then the first drug is better in terms of ease of use - it is administered once a day, and the second one must be injected 2 to 4 times, in case of severe infection, 6 times a day.

Ceftriaxone Cefaxime

In terms of the strength of the antibacterial effect, they are approximately equal, act on the same microbes, and cause similar side reactions. There are no differences in the results of treatment of sinusitis. Cefotaxime is more dangerous for small children and pregnant women; it is contraindicated in the presence of intestinal inflammation.

Ceftriaxone is produced only in the form of a powder for the preparation of a solution, which is used for intramuscular/intravenous injections. There are no tablets for this medicine. The powder is packaged in 10 ml/20 ml bottles. One bottle contains 500 mg, 1 or 2 g of ceftriaxone.

However, some bacteria are resistant to ceftriaxone, so therapy may not be effective. The instructions for the drug recommend conducting a sensitivity test before starting use.

After an injection or dropper, the medicine enters the blood and respiratory tract in the shortest possible time. Bioavailability of the active substance is 100%. The drug begins to act after entering the body. The highest concentration of ceftriaxone in the blood is observed 2.5 hours after the injection, and with intravenous administration - after the end of the procedure.

On sale you can find analogues of Ceftriaxone based on the active substance. These include:

Torotsef
Cefaxon
Rocephin
Biotraxon
Megion
Longacef and others

Some are sold with 1% lidocaine. The solvent is completely ready for preparing the medicine.

Frequently asked questions from readers

Most parents raising children prone to inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system, as well as adults who themselves suffer from these ailments, most often ask the following questions:

Rocephin or Ceftriaxone, which is better?

Both of these drugs have the same degree of effectiveness, since they are analogues in their properties and chemical formula. Rocephin is produced by a different pharmaceutical company, but is in no way inferior to Ceftriaxone.

Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone, which is better?

If you are faced with the choice of Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone for treatment, then it is better to choose the latter type of medicine. Cefotaxime has a large number of side effects, and their occurrence is more frequent than when treated with Ceftriaxone injections.

How to dilute Lidocaine?

Medicines are diluted in a proportional ratio of 1 to 1. You need to take 1 gram. Ceftriaxone powder and dilute it in 1 ml of Lidocaine with a concentration of 2%. This consistency is observed both when administering the drug intramuscularly and in the case of intravenous injections. It is not recommended to perform these manipulations on your own, as this should only be done by a specialist with a medical education.

How to use Ceftriaxone to treat angina?

Ceftriaxone is a cephalosporin antibiotic that exhibits a wide range of actions. For angina, it is prescribed if the disease is severe, when the use of penicillins would be inappropriate.

Ceftriaxone is also used if taking antibacterial drugs in the form of capsules, tablets and other oral forms is difficult or impossible.

Description of the drug

Ceftriaxone is a third-generation drug belonging to the group of cephalosporins. It has a bactericidal effect, which is reflected in the inhibition of the formation of bacterial cell walls. Antibiotics of this group are active against many microorganisms, gram-negative and gram-positive.

However, some bacteria are resistant to ceftriaxone, so therapy may not be effective. The instructions for the drug recommend conducting a sensitivity test before starting use.

What does Ceftriaxone help with?

For adults, injections and droppers of Ceftriaxone are prescribed for severe sore throat, and if the use of penicillins is inappropriate. For the treatment of children, Ceftriaxone is used only in acute forms of the disease, complicated by severe inflammation and suppuration. Let's look at what else the medicine is prescribed for. Other indications for the use of Ceftriaxone are:

respiratory tract diseases (inflammation, lung abscess, pleural empyema)
meningitis, sepsis
infectious lesions of the skin, soft tissues
infections of the gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal system
infectious diseases of the urinary tract
infectious lesions of wounds, burns
infections in people with weak immune systems

The medicine is also used after surgery to prevent bacterial infections.

Instructions

According to the instructions, Ceftriaxone for angina is prescribed for intramuscular (injections) and intravenous administration (droppers). The medicine is administered drip or stream into a vein. If the disease is accompanied by a severe runny nose with purulent nasal discharge, Ceftriaxone is used as part of a solution for instillation into the nose.

How to make a solution of the drug?

The solution for injection (intramuscular/intravenous) must be given before each injection or drip. For preparation you will need Lidocaine (1% solution). For an injection, 0.5 g of ceftriaxone must be diluted with 2 ml of lidocaine, 1 g diluted with 3.5 ml of lidocaine.

For intramuscular administration, the powder can be diluted with water for injection, but pain will occur during the injection. Sometimes, instead of Lidocaine, the powder is diluted with Novocaine, however, this drug somewhat reduces the effectiveness of the antibiotic and at the same time increases the risk of anaphylactic shock. According to patients, lidocaine relieves pain better when administered with this antibiotic.

To prepare a solution for intravenous infusion, you need to dilute 500 mg of powder in 5 ml, and 1 g in 10 ml of water for injection. To prepare a solution for IV drips, 2 g of antibiotic should be diluted with 40 ml of a calcium-free solution, this is:

5-10% dextrose/glucose solution
0.9% sodium chloride solution
5% levulose solution

How long can the solution be stored? Ready-made solutions of Ceftriaxone retain their properties for up to 6 hours (at room temperature).

Injections and droppers

For angina, Ceftriaxone is used according to the instructions:

Adults and children over 12 years of age are injected with an antibiotic 1 r./day in a dose of 1-2 g. If the disease is particularly severe, the daily amount is increased to 4 g. It is recommended to divide the too large dose into 2 applications and inject 2 r./day , that is, every 12 hours
For newborns under 14 days of age, the daily dosage is calculated based on the calculation of 20-50 mg/kg. This amount of the drug is injected once a day. For infants and children under 12 years of age, the daily amount of Ceftriaxone ranges from 20 to 80 mg/kg

If a child weighs more than 50 kg, the daily dosage of the drug for him will be the same as for an adult
When treating children under 12 years of age, it is better to divide the daily amount in half and inject the drug 2 times a day, that is, every 12 hours. The medicine is well absorbed, so lumps rarely appear at the injection sites

Ceftriaxone at a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight should be administered intravenously (drip). The procedure should last at least half an hour. Injection of Ceftriaxone into a vein should last up to 2-4 minutes.

How long is the course of Ceftriaxone?

The number of days of use of Ceftriaxone is determined by the doctor and depends on the severity of the disease. On average, the course is 5-10 days. When the temperature becomes normal, the antibiotic is used for another 2-3 days.

You cannot reduce the duration of therapy on your own. This will lead to bacteria becoming resistant to the antibiotic. That is, getting rid of the causative agent of sore throat and curing a relapse will be more difficult.

Features of the use of Ceftriaxone in children

Before treating a sore throat in children, the first antibiotic injection should be performed with caution, since lidocaine can provoke severe allergies. It is recommended to do a sample first. To do this, a small amount of ceftriaxone solution (0.5 ml) in lidocaine is injected into the muscle and the child’s condition is monitored. If there are no negative manifestations within 30 minutes, administer the remaining dose.

A scratch test is also performed in children; it is the safest. It is performed using a scarifier. They make scratches on the forearm (from the inside) and drip ceftriaxone solution. After a few minutes, check for severe redness and swelling. In this case, the medicine can be used without fear.

Ceftriaxone during pregnancy and lactation

For the treatment of sore throat in pregnant and lactating women, this antibiotic is prescribed in exceptional cases. The doctor first assesses the risks for the mother and fetus. It is important to correctly calculate the amount of Ceftriaxone; this will help reduce the likelihood of side effects and complications.

It is not advisable to inject this antibiotic in the first trimester. If there is a need to use Ceftriaxone in nursing women, you should stop breastfeeding for the period of treatment.

Treating the nose with Ceftriaxone

Nasal drops

If purulent discharge from the nose appears due to sinusitis, ENT doctors prescribe drops with Ceftriaxone. To make a solution for instillation into the nose, you will need:

1 g Ceftriaxone
5 ml of Furacilin solution
1 ml Hydrocortisone
1 ml Nazivin

Mix the solutions, dilute ceftriaxone powder. Place the medicine in your nose 2 times a day, 2 drops (in each nasal passage). It can be used by adults and children for 5-7 days. Drops should be stored in the refrigerator.

Wash solution

To cure the nose, you can use rinses. To prepare the medicine you will need:

100 ml saline solution
10 ml Dioxidine
500 mg Ceftriaxone

The resulting solution is used to rinse the nose. To do this, you need to take a syringe or syringe (20 ml) without a needle. Bend over the sink/tub, turn your head to the left and inject the solution into your left nostril so that it flows out of your right. Then turn your head to the right and rinse the other nasal passage.

The procedure allows you to get rid of nasal discharge, while the medicine enters the sinuses and affects the causative agents of the disease. Washing is done twice a day until the condition normalizes (5-7 days). The solution contains dioxidine and is therefore not suitable for use in children.

Side effects

During the treatment of angina, Ceftriaxone injections and droppers sometimes cause a number of side effects:

disorders in the hematopoietic system (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, hypocoagulation)
disorders in the digestive system (nausea, flatulence, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, dysbacteriosis, liver dysfunction)
disorders in the urinary system (anuria, kidney dysfunction)
bleeding from the nose
dizziness, headache
candidiasis

In addition, allergies are possible; its symptoms are rash, itchy skin, and anaphylactic shock. There are known cases where side effects manifested themselves in the form of local reactions:

with injections - painful sensations at the injection sites
with droppers, jet injection - pain in the vein, inflammation of the vein

Contraindications

Ceftriaxone is contraindicated if the patient's body does not tolerate cephalosporins, carbapenems and penicillins.

Relative contraindications include severe kidney and liver diseases. The antibiotic is used with caution in children with hyperbilirubinemia (newborn jaundice), diseases of the large and small intestines.

special instructions

The instructions for Ceftriaxone indicate that:

The medicine is incompatible with ethanol, so alcohol should be avoided during therapy
The product should not be used together with other antibacterial drugs.
Ceftriaxone should not be used together with loop diuretics or nephrotoxic drugs, since the risk of nephrotoxicity increases significantly

In cases of simultaneous administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antiplatelet agents with antibiotics, the process of platelet aggregation is disrupted. This increases the likelihood of side effects such as bleeding. In this regard, during therapy with Ceftriaxone, it is recommended that elderly and debilitated patients be additionally prescribed vitamin K.