Symptoms and treatment of posterior rhinitis in adults

Causes

Posterior rhinitis is diagnosed mainly in young children. Its main cause is infection. Such rhinitis may accompany other infectious and inflammatory diseases.

The occurrence of posterior rhinitis is caused by severe inflammation of the mucous membranes of the throat and nose with the presence of pus and mucus on them.

The main causes of posterior rhinitis:

bacterial infection;
hypothermia of the body;
viral infection;
measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria;
decreased protective functions of the body.

Like other types of rhinitis, posterior runny nose can have acute and chronic forms of manifestation.

Kinds

Posterior rhinitis can be classified according to several criteria that determine the characteristics and features of the course of the disease:

By origin (neurovegetative, bacterial, vasomotor, allergic, viral).
According to the nature of the inflammation (catarrhal form with the release of clear mucus and purulent form with the formation of mucus, including impurities of pus).
By intensity (chronic and acute rhinitis).

Symptoms

The symptoms of posterior rhinitis are identical to those of a cold. Signs appear gradually. First, mucus accumulates and the nose itches. Later, respiratory distress occurs. Further, a nasal voice and hearing problems arise.

Posterior rhinitis is quite difficult to tolerate. This is due to the complexity of its manifestations:

constant dryness in the nasopharynx;
labored breathing;
copious nasal discharge in the form of mucus or pus;
prolonged sneezing;
lacrimation;
swelling of the eyes and eyelids;
characteristic nasal voice;
periodic hearing loss;
increased body temperature;
enlarged and painful lymph nodes;
general malaise, weakness, apathy;
the presence of cough mainly before bedtime and at night.

Diagnosis of posterior rhinitis in a child

Diagnosing posterior rhinitis is not easy. This is due to its characteristic symptoms. The diagnosis should be made by an otolaryngologist. After a detailed examination of the nasal cavity using a light reflector, the specialist will prescribe the necessary tests. You may also need rhinoscopy - this is an examination of the nasal cavity using nasal speculums (dilators) and a nasopharyngeal speculum.

Symptoms and treatment

Posterior rhinitis in adults can be treated at home without visiting a clinic. Contacting a doctor should not be delayed if signs of posterior rhinitis appear in children. Inflammation of the nasal cavity, throat and lymph nodes requires complex treatment.

The acute form of the disease lasts from 5 to 10 days. The first manifestations of the disease are associated with inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Persistent nasal congestion occurs, at which time children lack normal nasal breathing. The nasal mucosa is inflamed, children experience discomfort: burning and unpleasant sensations in the nose; due to the irritated mucous membrane, children often sneeze and have a runny nose.

Mucus from the nasal cavity drains along the back of the throat. During the day, the child swallows it, and at night, mucus accumulates in the throat, causing a severe cough, sometimes accompanied by vomiting. A sore throat hurts, which affects the appetite and well-being of children. Due to nasal congestion, newborns find it difficult to breastfeed, they become restless and often cry. The disease may occur with fever.

Treating a child's nose

Inflammation of the nose goes through three stages. The first stage is dry. Therapy boils down to rinsing the nasal passages and instilling oil-based drops. The goal of treatment is to remove nasal congestion and relieve inflammation.

To rinse your nose at the pharmacy, you need to purchase ready-made saline solutions made from ocean or sea water. Aquamaris and Quix are popular among mothers. Saline solution helps a lot. There are no time restrictions; these remedies can be used throughout the entire illness. Oil drops help reduce mucosal irritation. In the dry stage, instill pharmaceutical products into children’s noses:

Eucalyptus oil;
Pinosol;
Pinovit;
Vitaon;
Sinusan.

If heavy nasal discharge appears, use a 1% solution of Protargol instead of oil drops. Before instillation, the nose should be rinsed with saline solution. Protargol is instilled into each nostril twice a day. The norm is 3 to 5 drops per nostril. Along with Protargol, a runny nose can be treated with Rinofluimucil. Both remedies make it easier to clear the back of the larynx from viscous mucus.

In the last stage of the disease, it is allowed to instill vasoconstrictor drops into the nose. Galazolin is prescribed from 3 years of age, Farmazolin - to children over 5 years of age. The duration of treatment is prescribed by the doctor and should not be exceeded under any circumstances. Doctors prescribe Oxymetazoline nasal drops to children from the first year of life. The table shows the concentration of the drug according to age.

Age	Concentration (%)
from 0 to 2	0,01
from 2 to 6	0,025
from 6 to 12	0,05
after 12	0,1

Place 2 drops into each nostril. For children of any age, drops are instilled 3 times a day.

Treatment

What can you do

Parents need to ensure constant treatment and rinsing of the nasopharynx, as well as bed rest. To do this, you should choose the most comfortable position, because this process requires some skill. Organizing a balanced diet, drinking plenty of fluids, taking vitamins, and following the rules of a healthy lifestyle will allow your child to cope with the disease quickly.

What can a doctor do?

If left untreated, posterior rhinitis tends to become chronic and cause the development of pneumonia and nasopharyngitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose and pharynx. This process does not take long, so you should not waste time.

For this type of rhinitis, specific treatment is indicated, which consists of drug therapy, physiotherapeutic procedures and measures for general strengthening of the body. Treatment of posterior rhinitis should be based on proper treatment of the entire nasopharynx.

Specific signs of posterior rhinitis

Posterior rhinitis in a child in its symptoms is practically no different from an ordinary runny nose. But there are several signs by which you can distinguish them. These are:

Moist cough.

With a normal runny nose, the cough reflex rarely occurs, unless it is caused by diseases of the respiratory tract.

Pain in the cervical lymph nodes.

Snot flowing down the wall of the throat passes through the pharyngeal lymphatic ring, which can cause the development of lymphadenopathy.

Temperature.

Slight increase in body temperature.

Since the patient has difficulty removing the contents of the nasal passages, this type of runny nose is often mistaken for an ordinary viral infection.

But in reality, it can be a consequence of not only ARVI; its appearance can also be caused by other pathologies (polypous sinusitis, allergic reaction).

Therefore, it is not surprising that antiviral drugs often used uncontrollably do not produce any results, and the snot does not disappear anywhere.

Another difference between posterior rhinitis and ordinary rhinitis is the way it develops. So, with an ordinary runny nose, the symptoms arise suddenly and manifest themselves in a complex manner (at the same time, discharge from the nasal passages, sneezing, nasal congestion, drying out of the mucous membranes of the throat, etc. appear). A distinctive feature of posterior rhinitis is the gradual development of the clinical picture.

On the first day, nasal discharge appears, accompanied by a wet cough, the next day there is pronounced nasal congestion and a nasal voice. Then these symptoms are accompanied by dryness of the nasal mucous membranes, causing the formation of crusts on its inner walls.

Enlarged lymph nodes with accompanying signs of intoxication of the body appear during a protracted course of the pathological process.

Posterior rhinitis in a child. Types, methods of treatment

During the cold season, against the background of reduced immunity, many people experience colds.

Their frequent symptoms are: difficulty breathing, nasal discharge, headaches, complete or partial absence of smell. All these signs are associated with the occurrence of a runny nose, or rhinitis.

One of the varieties is posterior rhinitis, which most often occurs in children of primary preschool age.

How does the disease progress?

Manifestations, symptoms and treatment (treatment) depend on the type of disease. With the infectious form, the incubation period ranges from 1 to 4 days. It occurs in three stages. At the first stage, there is general malaise, tingling and sore throat, itchy nose and sneezing. The child may develop a fever. Gradually, nasal congestion appears with a decrease in the sense of smell.

In the second stage, mucous discharge from the nose appears. Appetite decreases, nasal congestion increases, and headaches may occur.

At the third stage, nasal discharge becomes viscous and crusts may form. During the day, the child is able not to feel discomfort, because the snot is reflexively swallowed. Symptoms are worse at night when the baby is in a horizontal position. With the right approach, the disease can be cured in 5-10 days.

With vasomotor rhinitis, symptoms may appear periodically and spontaneously, depending on the presence of the allergen and the state of the immune system. This nasopharyngitis is characterized by a chronic course. With allergic rhinitis, a dry cough, swelling of the mucous membranes, hoarseness and hoarseness of the voice are observed.

Medicines to improve the general condition of the child

Any disease of viral origin occurs against a background of weakened immunity. Therefore, Nazoferon nasal spray or interferon-based rectal suppositories: Viburkol, Laferobion are prescribed as general drugs for the treatment of nasopharyngitis. Immunostimulants may be prescribed. These include Immunoflazid, Amiksin IC (for children over 7 years old), Aflubin.

Caring for a sick child

The basic principles in caring for a sick child are to create conditions that will help the immune system cope with the disease. Bed rest should be observed. It is important to prevent the mucous membrane from drying out. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the baby with plenty of warm drinks, regularly ventilate the room and create high humidity.

As for the diet, food should be nutritious, but dietary. It shouldn't be hot or cold. Sour, spicy and salty foods should be avoided so as not to irritate the nasopharyngeal mucosa. It is recommended to grind some products through a sieve or blender.

It becomes a problem for parents to rid the nose of mucus (especially in infants). Children are not yet able to blow their nose properly. In this case, special medical devices called an aspirator will help. There are many varieties of these devices.

For older children, parents will help them blow their nose in a different, more familiar way. It is important to do this correctly, because a seemingly simple procedure can lead to unpleasant consequences.

Under no circumstances should you close both nostrils during this process; in extreme cases, only one is allowed. If the nostrils are blocked when the child is actively blowing mucus, it can end up in either the sinuses or the auditory tube.

As a result of such an erroneous action, otitis media or sinusitis may develop.

We share the secrets of prevention

There is no stable protection against the development of posterior rhinitis. Knowing the possible complications and prevention of the disease, you can reduce its consequences. To do this you need:

Healthy food;
temper yourself, take walks in the fresh air, play sports;
Treat a runny nose promptly.

In case of allergic reactions, it is important to identify the allergen and avoid contact with it.

Source: https://nosoved.ru/zabolevanija-nosa/lechenie-zadnego-rinita-u-rebenka-simptomy-sposoby-narodnye-sredstva.html

Classification of the disease

Depending on the characteristics of the course of the disease, experts distinguish acute and chronic forms of rhinitis in children. The first type is characterized by rapid development, accompanied by pronounced symptomatic manifestations.

If timely medical care is not provided, it becomes chronic.

This type is characterized by a long course of the disease (from one week to several months) and less pronounced symptoms.

In addition, based on the cause of the disease, it is customary to classify the following types:

Vasomotor. Develops due to disruption of blood vessels. As a rule, it is diagnosed in people suffering from astheno-vegetative syndrome, somatoform autonomic dysfunction and arterial hypotension.
Allergic. Inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by exposure to an allergen.
Medication. It occurs when taking certain medications (often, various antipsychotics and medications for high blood pressure lead to such a reaction).
Traumatic. Develops in case of mechanical damage to the nasal mucosa (frostbite, cuts, burns).
Viral. The cause is damage to the body by various viral agents.
Bacterial. Its pathogenesis is based on exposure to pathogenic microorganisms.
Rhinitis in pregnant women. The development is caused by physiological changes that occur in a woman’s body during pregnancy (deterioration of tone).

The clinical picture of the disease may indicate the following types:

Atrophic. The main symptoms are a feeling of dryness and the formation of crusts on the nasal mucosa.
Catarrhal. The most common type. Symptoms include the development of inflammatory processes in the nasal mucosa, accompanied by swelling.
Hypertrophic. Due to the enlargement of the tissues of the nasopharynx, a runny nose and severe nasal congestion occur.

Etiology of posterior rhinitis

The mucous membrane of the nasal cavity in adults and children is lined with villous epithelium. It creates a protective film on the surface, and its villi carry out mucociliary clearance. With its help, bacteria or viruses are removed from the nasal turbinates along with mucus. When the immune system is weakened and an excessive amount of pathogenic microbes enter, inflammation of the walls of the pharynx and nose occurs. The causes of posterior rhinitis in adults and children are:

influenza viruses, adenoviruses, herpes, etc.;
bacteria – streptococci, staphylococci, specific pathogens of syphilis, measles, scarlet fever, bacterial meningitis in children, etc.;
hypothermia, drinking cold and carbonated drinks;
chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis;
exposure to harmful chemicals on the nasal mucosa;
injuries or previous surgical operations.

In infants and infants, the development of immunity plays an important role in protecting the body from diseases. In full-term infants, the protective properties are preserved and well developed to resist the formation of posterior rhinitis. The disease can manifest itself if the thermal chain after birth, aseptic and antiseptic rules in the maternity hospital are not followed. In older children, the causes of posterior rhinitis are epidemics of viral diseases in school and kindergarten.

Features of hypertrophic rhinitis

After 1-2 days, the symptoms of posterior rhinitis are joined by signs of pharyngitis. They are especially difficult in children and are manifested by sore throat, difficulty swallowing food, and forced mouth breathing. The addition of bacterial flora contributes to the formation of purulent crusts in the nasopharynx, the discharge becomes yellow-green and viscous. If a child or adult is more worried about sneezing, lacrimation, itching, then this indicates the allergic nature of posterior rhinitis.

How to treat posterior rhinitis in children?

Rhinifaryngitis (posterior rhinitis or snot on the back wall) is a disease in children that resembles a common cold. It develops more often in newborns, less often in younger and older ages.

When parents notice that their baby has runny nose, a fever, or a sore throat, they should definitely show him to the doctor as quickly as possible. Posterior rhinitis in a child can be an independent disease, as well as a symptom of other, more serious diseases.

A pediatric otolaryngologist will help you establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment.

Etiology and mechanism of development of the disease

The key precursors to the development of nasopharyngitis can be:

Flu.
Diphtheria.
Whooping cough.
Diathesis.
Inflammation of the adenoids.
Scarlet fever.
Measles.
Vaccine intolerance.

Sometimes the disease develops as a consequence of atypical ailments caused by bacteria and viruses. In addition to diseases, the formation of posterior rhinitis can be preceded by:

Entry of a foreign body into the nasal cavity.
Nasopharyngeal injuries.
Allergy.

In newborns, rhinitis may occur due to the inability to clear the nasal passages and airways on their own. A distinctive sign of the course of the disease in question in young children is considered to be an unexpected onset with bilateral spread. In the youngest, it is often accompanied by an attack of fever.

Symptoms

The symptoms of nasopharyngitis are in many ways similar to a simple runny nose, but have a different nature and treatment methods. Only a doctor can recreate the integrity of the picture of the disease, since children cannot truthfully and accurately explain their ailments. Symptoms of rhinifaryngitis are as follows:

At the first stage of development, the child feels tingling in the nasopharynx, the mucous membrane dries out, and a burning sensation is felt in the throat.
Breathing through the nose becomes difficult or impossible - the child breathes through the mouth, the voice becomes nasal.
Copious discharge from the nasal cavity - initially clear and sparse, then thick, sometimes purulent. They are the ones who block the access of air to the nose.
Severe pain when swallowing food, visible redness in the throat, swelling.
Significant increase in body temperature (often rising to 39 degrees).
Lack of appetite, general malaise, tearfulness, weakness.
Pain in the head and occipital region.
A hysterical night cough, ear pain, and the pain is accompanied by hearing loss - these signs indicate that the disease is progressing.

The development of nasopharyngitis in a baby has certain characteristics - he cannot fully suck on his mother’s breast or milk from a bottle, taking frequent breaks to take in air through his mouth. This leads to frequent regurgitation, loose stools, and he becomes restless and irritable.

What are the types

Different forms of the runny nose require different approaches to therapy, which means that you need to know an accurate diagnosis, an exact treatment regimen, and a specific list of medications. Self-medication is strictly prohibited.

Posterior rhinitis in adults and children can develop in acute or chronic form. The first is characterized by a more severe course, especially in childhood. The second can last for a long period of time - from several weeks to several months. Symptoms in chronic forms of nasopharyngitis are mild, but curing this form is much more difficult.

Types of rhinopharyngitis:

Allergic. Develops due to penetration of a third-party irritant into the nasal cavity. It can cause not only inflammation and swelling of the mucous membrane, but also other, more serious symptoms. Treatment of this form involves the use of antihistamines.
Bacterial. Its development is caused by harmful microorganisms, therapy is based on taking antibiotics.
Vasomotor. To understand how to treat this form of rhinitis, the baby needs to be properly examined in a children's clinic. Treatment is prescribed only by an otolaryngologist; it is based on taking medications to strengthen the walls of blood vessels. In the absence of therapy, relapse and transition of the disease to a chronic form are possible.
Viral. Develops against the background of an existing ARVI disease. Therapy is based on taking antiviral medications.

Diagnostic methods

The primary diagnosis of childhood posterior rhinitis is carried out by a pediatrician

Sometimes, to make an accurate diagnosis, a consultation with a pediatric otolaryngologist is required when the disease is protracted and with an atypical course of rhinitis. Diagnosis of nasopharyngitis is carried out against the background of symptoms and laboratory test results:

Visual examination by a pediatrician of the outer covering of the nose.
Instrumental rhinoscopy – examination of the mucous membrane with a frontal reflector, assessment of its condition and nasal septum.
Laboratory tests of urine and blood.
X-ray – sometimes an image of the paranasal sinuses may be needed.

It is especially important to diagnose purulent rhinitis, since the speed of recovery and the absence of the risk of complications depend on its timely treatment.

Based on the mucus secreted from the nose, the doctor can first diagnose the form and nature of the disease:

White snot may indicate that the cause of the disease may be allergens or disturbances in the microflora. Therapy in this case involves taking antiallergic medications or bacteria to adjust the microflora.
Greenish or pale yellow ones indicate a common cold. This form of rhinitis can be treated simply and quickly by taking appropriate medications.
Green, bright orange thick - an infectious form of rhinitis. To make a final diagnosis, an analysis will be required - a smear for laboratory culture. This type of runny nose is treated with antibiotics.

Features of therapy

Therapy for posterior rhinitis should be carried out in 3 stages:

Cleaning the nasal cavity.
Making breathing easier by taking vasoconstrictor medications.
The patient is taking antiseptics and antimicrobials.

Approximate medical purpose in the treatment of posterior rhinitis:

Rinsing the nasopharynx with saline or salt water.
Instillation of Pinosol into the nose to narrow blood vessels.
Inhalation based on medicinal oils or drugs.
Humidification of the room in which the patient is located.
Taking an antibiotic, if necessary.
Taking corticosteroid-based medications when traditional treatments do not work.
Surgery for deformed nasal septums or other defects in the nasopharynx.

Effective medications in the treatment of posterior rhinitis - nasal drops.

Made from synthetic or natural substances, there are:

Vasoconstrictors. Used in the first stages of disease development with intense secretion from the nasal cavity. The most effective drops are: “Nazola”, “Vibrotsila”, “Tizina”, “Sanorina”, “Otrivina”.
Antibacterial. Designed to eliminate microbial and bacterial accumulations on the nasal mucosa at later stages of the disease. The most effective drops are considered to be: “Protargola”, “Pinosola”, “Collargola”
Antihistamines. Drops designed to relieve allergic reactions in children: “Nazanex” (taken by children over 2 years old), “Allergodil” (only for children over 4 years old).
Moisturizing. Made from sea salt or water, they are designed to moisturize dry mucous membranes. Available in the form of drops and sprays. The most commonly used: “Salin”, “Aquamaris”, “Aquador”. For newborns up to one year old, it is recommended to use the products in drop form.
Immunomodulatory. Designed to strengthen the immune system: “Interferon”, “Grippferon”.

Possible complications

Frequent complications of the disease in question:

In severe forms, pneumonia can develop when inflammation descends lower - into the respiratory tract

Viruses and bacteria can also penetrate through the Eustachian tube into the mucous membrane of the ear, where they accumulate, provoking the development of purulent inflammation. This complication is treated with antibacterial medications, and if therapy does not give the desired result, then surgical intervention will be required.

Any treatment of pathology in the lower respiratory tract should be carried out in a hospital setting under the supervision of medical staff. This is explained by the fact that the child may develop a pharyngeal or partonsillar abscess, requiring surgical intervention.

Prevention methods

Preventive measures in the development of rhinopharyngitis have a restrictive and general strengthening orientation:

A balanced diet, rich in vitamins and microelements.
Sports, hardening, walks in the fresh air.
Preventing any contact of the child with allergens or chemicals.
Don't get too cold.
Timely treatment of a runny nose in the initial stages.

Posterior rhinitis is considered an intermediate link between ordinary snot and chronic runny nose, which can cause serious illnesses such as bronchitis or pneumonia. In addition, nasopharyngitis may be a concomitant symptom of the development of hidden infectious diseases or the formation of allergic diseases, so consulting a doctor is considered the only correct decision.

Source: https://medlor.ru/zabolevaniya-nosa/rinit/kak-lechit-zadnij-rinit-u-detej/

Diagnostics

A carefully collected history and examination helps establish the diagnosis of posterior rhinitis in children and adults. Complaints of difficulty breathing, runny nose, and sore throat when swallowing food lead the doctor to think about a pathology of the nasopharynx. When performing direct rhinoscopy and indirect pharyngoscopy, the ENT doctor will identify signs of inflammation. The mucous membrane of the nasopharynx is swollen, covered with thick yellowish mucus. Posterior rhinitis is sometimes characterized by enlarged pharyngeal and nasopharyngeal tonsils, and a layer of pus on their surface.

An examination of the neck reveals enlarged lymph nodes that are painful to palpation. Using a general blood test, a shift in the leukocyte formula to the left, leukocytosis, and an increased BER are determined. With specific inflammation caused by syphilis, herpes, and diphtheria, large erosions and papules will be observed. There are wide layers of fibrin on the tonsils, which cannot be removed.

Treatment

Treatment of posterior rhinitis is aimed at relieving symptoms of the disease, fighting infection and preventing complications. In the first stages, you need to start by drinking plenty of liquid, hot tea with lemon and raspberries, and rinsing your nose with a 2% solution of sea water 4-5 times a day. The use of inhalations with herbs and antiseptics helps relieve swelling, inflammation and enhance the release of pathogenic bacteria and viruses with mucus. Decoctions of calendula and raspberry leaves, St. John's wort, and lavender are used. Every day, 3-4 inhalations until the symptoms of a runny nose disappear.

Physiotherapeutic procedures should be used in parallel with drug treatment. Bags of warm salt are applied to the sinus area on both sides. The duration of the session is 10-15 minutes, and the runny nose will stop bothering you after 4-5 days. Infrared radiation is suitable for use by adults on the bridge of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Alternately direct the rays to each nasal sinus; during pregnancy, the use of this method is undesirable.

Symptomatic treatment

Symptomatic treatment consists of the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, which include paracetamol or nimesulide. The drugs reduce exudative processes, nasal discharge, and improve breathing. Headaches disappear, body temperature normalizes, weakness disappears. Nimesil, Mesulide, Pharmacitron and Coldrex sachets must be diluted in a glass of warm water. Take 3-4 times a day for 3-4 days.

To combat a runny nose and nasal congestion, sprays and drops are used. They contain vasoconstrictor drugs that tone the nasal vessels, reduce the amount of secretions and relieve tissue swelling. Nasal drops are more effective than sprays, because a drop of medicine can spread throughout the entire nasal cavity and enter the nasopharynx. Nazivin, eucazoline, Nazivin, Sanorin are administered 1-2 drops into each nostril 3-4 times a day. For a child, you need to choose a medicine with a pediatric dosage.

If a child has posterior rhinitis, Dr. Komarovsky recommends using antiseptic drugs in tablets. When they are absorbed, a high concentration of the active substance is maintained, which retains its properties for 5-6 hours. Adults need to use Trachisan, Septefril, Strepsils, Isla in suckable tablets 4-5 times a day. For children, the same septefril is suitable, doctor mom, 4-5 times a day after meals. But rinsing the mouth with decoctions of chamomile, calendula, solutions of decamethoxin or furacillin can also treat posterior rhinitis.

Symptoms

The characteristic symptoms of the disease are:

Causes

The main reason why children or adults develop posterior rhinitis is infection. It could be a regular flu or ARVI. However, even if the pathogen gets on the back wall of the respiratory tract, the probability of getting sick is not one hundred percent. Risk factors for the disease include:

disruption of blood supply to nasopharyngeal tissues;
exposure to aggressive chemicals on the nasal mucosa;
severe hypothermia;
nasal injury;
high sensitivity to allergic substances;
reaction to cool air or strong odor.

The main role in rhinitis in children and the elderly is played by the state of immunity, because the success of overcoming the disease will depend on its resistance.

Types and forms

Rhinitis in children varies:

with the flow:

spicy;
chronic;

by etiology:

infectious;
allergic;
vasomotor (in case of impaired vascular tone);
neurovegetative (for disorders of nervous regulation);

by morphological changes:

catarrhal (common runny nose);
atrophic (thinning of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx);
hypertrophic (proliferation of mucous membranes).

Posterior rhinitis

Posterior rhinitis or nasopharyngitis is an infectious disease that most often affects the nasal mucosa in children. When fighting the virus, the mucous membrane swells. Due to the minimal discomfort from the disease in adults, it most often becomes chronic. Posterior rhinitis can be either the underlying disease or a symptom of more dangerous pathological processes.

Causes and symptoms of posterior rhinitis

Posterior rhinitis is a reaction of the nasopharynx to viral bacteria entering the body. This may be a symptom that a person is developing meningitis, measles, influenza, scarlet fever, etc. but, most likely, this is an independent disease, the focus of which covers the tonsils and the entire nasopharynx, including the lymphatic ring. For an adult, the disease does not pose a danger, unlike a small child, who cannot cough and spit out mucus that runs down the back of the throat, creating a danger of suffocation.

Possible causes of posterior rhinitis are:

unfavorable constant chemical effects on the nasopharynx;
constant hypothermia;
frequent thermal exposure;
getting foreign objects into the nose;
side effects from taking medications;
deviations in the blood circulation process in the tissues of the nasopharynx;
mechanical damage to the nose;
tendency to allergies and intolerance to certain products (medicines, lactose) in children;
defects in the structure of the nasopharynx;
viruses and infections.

With a weakened immune system, such a runny nose in children can appear from non-compliance with the regime and proper nutrition. If posterior rhinitis is not treated, it can develop into chronic rhinitis. It is important to determine the presence of the disease in time. It is characterized by the following symptoms:

whistling on inspiration;
slight cough, especially in the morning and at night;
you constantly want to spit something out or swallow mucus that flows down the wall of your throat;
unpleasant sensations of stuffiness and sore throat;
rapid breathing;
air passage becomes difficult;
sneeze;
change in voice, nasality appears;
bad breath;
chronic diseases of the pharynx;
feeling of dryness in the nasal passages;
sometimes the throat hurts;
stuffy nose;
there is a temperature;
Babies may vomit and have watery eyes.

Varieties

There are several types of posterior rhinitis. Regarding the stage of the disease:

acute rhinitis;
chronic - lasts from 2-3 weeks to long months, symptoms are dull.

allergies;
viruses;
injuries - burns, frostbite, mechanical damage;
bacteria;
pharmaceuticals;
vasomotor - the functioning of blood vessels in the tissues of the nasopharynx is disrupted (for example, with vegetative-vascular dystonia);
pregnancy is a hormonal change in the body.

Treatment methods for posterior rhinitis in children

Posterior rhinitis is one of the most insidious diseases in children.
Most often, it develops in children under 3 years of age, who cannot accurately describe their feelings when feeling unwell. A debilitating cough at night, combined with general weakness and nausea, frightens parents who do not realize that these symptoms are a consequence of inflammation of the back of the nasopharynx. We will talk about the symptoms and treatment of posterior rhinitis in a child in this article.

General concept and characteristics

With this disease, the posterior part of the nasopharynx becomes inflamed first .

Then the process spreads to the throat, upper respiratory tract, nearby lymph nodes, including the tonsils.

During the disease, mucus is formed, which flows down the back wall of the nasopharynx . During the day, the baby can swallow it, but at night it accumulates in the nasal passages and the upper part of the throat, causing the child to cough hysterically.

How to treat adenoids in a child? Find out about this from our article.

Causes

The main causes of posterior rhinitis are irritation or injury to the nasopharyngeal mucosa as a result of:

infection (viral or bacterial);
hypothermia (consumption of ice cream, snow, icicles, cold drinks);
exposure to chemicals;
vomiting;
allergic reactions.

Predisposing factors for the onset of the disease may be impaired blood supply to the soft tissues of the nasopharynx, as well as functional disorders of the central nervous system, in which the child reacts to external stimuli by sneezing and swelling of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.

Forms of the disease

Depending on the nature of its course, it can be acute or chronic. Acute posterior rhinitis is divided into the following forms:

bacterial;
viral;
allergic;
vasomotor (with improper blood supply to the nasopharynx);
neurovegetative (with pathological reactions to stimuli).

Each form of posterior rhinitis requires individual treatment , which can only be selected by a doctor after collecting an anamnesis and analyzing it.

You will find recommendations for the treatment of acute respiratory infections in children on our website.

Symptoms and signs

The main symptom in young children is a constantly open mouth due to the inability to breathe through the nose. This disease is also characterized by:

thick nasal discharge;
lacrimation;
frequent sneezing;
nasal voice;
painful lymph nodes in the neck;
weakness, lack of appetite.

In infectious forms, the temperature may rise. The baby may begin to feel sick due to general intoxication of the body.

Older children may complain of a sore throat, which over time turns into a severe burning sensation. All those suffering from posterior rhinitis are plagued by a night cough, which leads to chronic lack of sleep and irritability.

Complications and consequences

complications may develop :

The most dangerous complication is infectious sore throat, which, if not treated appropriately, can lead to heart and joint disease.

Diagnostics

At the very beginning of the disease, the child should be shown to a pediatrician, who, after receiving standard tests (general blood test, urine test, smear for bacterial culture from the nose and throat), will give a referral to an otolaryngologist ( ENT).

In some cases, consultation with an allergist, neurologist, or ophthalmologist may be required.

After determining the exact form of posterior rhinitis, appropriate treatment will be prescribed, the plan of which must be strictly adhered to in order to avoid the transition of the acute form to the chronic form and complications.

Methods and stages of treatment

How to treat rhinitis of the posterior wall in a baby? The treatment process includes the use of:

medications;
folk remedies;
physiotherapy;
measures to improve immunity.

Drugs

Before using medications, the child must be cleared of mucus in the nose.

For newborns and children up to one year old, it is sucked out with a special device that resembles a spray can.

If crusts have formed in the nose, soften them with corn oil warmed to body temperature, placing one drop in each nostril.

Children older than one year can rinse their nose with saline solution, which is sold at the pharmacy.

Then drug treatment is started depending on the form of the disease.

Bacterial infections are usually treated with antibiotic drops.

For children under one year of age, Protargol drops based on colloidal silver are recommended. They are used once a day, one drop in each nostril. The product, when dosed correctly, is safe and preserves the natural microflora of the mucous membranes.

If the drops do not help, then antibiotics of the cephalosporin group are prescribed - Cefedox, Ceftriaxone in the form of injections.

From one to three years - they can prescribe Protargol in the same way, as well as for oral administration a solution of the drug Fluimucil in granules (100 mg / 50 ml of water) twice a day.

For children over three years old, the following medications can be dripped into the nose:

Isofra;
Polydex (side effect - headache);
Pinosol.

To avoid complications, macrolide antibiotics are sometimes prescribed for oral use - Erythromycin, Clarithromycin and their analogues.

For viral , drugs based on human 2-beta interferon are used. They are produced in the form of drops, nasal sprays and rectal suppositories.

Drops and nasal sprays Grippferon, IRS-19, Derinat can be used from birth to 14 years, according to the instructions.

For the treatment of allergic rhinitis, from one year of age, Vibrocil vasoconstrictor drops are used.

For newborns and infants up to one year old, only an allergist can prescribe antihistamine therapy after appropriate tests.

In the allergic form, it is very important to identify the “culprit” of irritation of the mucous membrane, that is, the allergen.

In this case, parents will have to carefully monitor the baby. Usually, after contact with an irritant, a sneezing attack and a sore throat intensify quite quickly.

For vasomotor posterior rhinitis, as for viral rhinitis, nasal drops and interferon-based sprays are indicated to strengthen the immune system. Also in this case, rinsing with sea water (sold in a pharmacy) is recommended to strengthen the capillaries.

Neurovegetative rhinitis is treated in close collaboration with a neurologist. In acute cases of the disease, the treatment regimen is similar to the viral form (nasal cleansing, drops with interferon).

For any posterior rhinitis it is necessary:

Gargle with solutions of Furacilin, soda with salt and iodine several times a day.
Drink as much acidified liquid as possible (cranberry juice, water with lemon and sugar) to thin the mucus.
Soften the mucous membrane in the nasal passages by instilling Vaseline, olive or corn oil at a temperature close to the body.

For the disease in question, drops are instilled when the child lies on his back with his head thrown back . After this, he must lie in this position for at least three minutes.

Folk remedies

Alternative medicine recipes can alleviate a child’s condition with any form of posterior rhinitis.

Traditional medicine advises newborns and infants up to six months

For children six months and older, ozokerite or paraffin “boots” are recommended instead of salt. You can carry out this procedure yourself or get a referral to a physiotherapy office.

It may seem strange, but dry heating of the feet really effectively relieves swelling of the nasopharynx and facilitates the passage of mucus.

You can use herbal decoctions to gargle:

sage;
eucalyptus;
lavender.

Propolis tincture (10 drops per 100 ml) relieves swelling of the mucous membrane well

It is advisable to gargle with this remedy at night to avoid coughing attacks.

Also, to soften the throat, you can give a child over two years of age aloe juice with honey (30 ml of juice + 10 g of honey) 5 ml twice a day during the day.

Doctor Komarovsky's opinion

The famous pediatrician Evgeniy Olegovich Komarovsky advises, when treating posterior rhinitis in children, to avoid drying out the mucous membrane of the nasal passages. To do this, he recommends:

Rinse your nose three times a day with saline solution.
Maintain a high level of humidity in the room where the small patient is located.
Give your baby as much fluid as possible to drink.

To avoid nighttime coughing attacks, the pediatrician advises placing a high pillow under the child’s head so that mucus flows down the back wall of the nasopharynx and does not accumulate in the throat area.

Prevention measures

To prevent the disease, children need to boost their immunity through physical exercise (breathing exercises, children's yoga) and taking vitamin supplements that strengthen the blood vessels and capillaries of the soft tissues of the nasopharynx.

If a child is prone to this disease, products made from white flour and fast food should be excluded from the diet preference should be given to fruits, vegetables, red meat and fish.

Posterior rhinitis is a difficult ordeal for the child and parents. Therefore, it must be treated immediately, without waiting for complications. To do this, it is advisable to turn to specialists from the first days of the baby’s illness.

About the reasons for the accumulation of mucus in the back wall of the throat in a child in this video:

We kindly ask you not to self-medicate. Make an appointment with a doctor!

Source: https://pediatrio.ru/r/rinit/zadnij-u-rebenka-lechenie.html