What causes allergic rhinosinusopathy and what methods of treating the disease are used in children and adults?

Causes of the disease

This disease is most often diagnosed by doctors in patients with a chronic form of rhinitis, an acute form of inflammation of the nasopharyngeal appendages - this can be caused by a malfunction of the immune system, and in cases of frequent exposure to allergens.
Sinusopathy of the brain is diagnosed in the following categories of patients:

Those who live in a region with poor ecology and polluted air, a high percentage of smoke and gases in it - most often these are residents of megacities and industrial regions. In this case, the patient may develop an allergic form of sinusopathy and the allergy will have to be treated first. Next, moving on to the treatment of the pathology itself.
For those who often suffer from acute forms of respiratory pathologies and influenza, acute respiratory infections are recommended for everyone who has a weak immune system and is prone to frequent colds to strengthen their immunity and dress appropriately for the weather.
Allergy sufferers and those who have suffered trauma or surgery on the nose.
For children who often suffer from diseases such as measles or scarlet fever, timely treatment will avoid negative consequences.
In all patients who have one or another disease associated with the tonsils, adenomas, in this regard it is worth treating and eliminating precisely these factors - provocateurs, and then treating the sinusopathy itself.

The main reason that provokes the appearance of rhinosinusopathy is allergic or vasomotor rhinitis in adults and children that has not received adequate and timely treatment.

In addition to this circumstance, there are risk factors that can provoke and accelerate the onset of the disease. These include:

predisposition to allergies;
unfavorable environmental situation;
work in dusty or chemical production;
uncontrolled use of medicines;
bad habits (for example, smoking);
chronic diseases of the respiratory system;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
adenoids.

The main cause of rhinosinusitis is the effect of allergens on the mucous layers of the paranasal appendages. The causes of allergies are:

bad habits, especially nicotine addiction;
Read also: Furacilin nasal rinsing for sinusitis dosage
alcohol abuse;
hereditary predisposition;
chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract;
professional factor: flour for bakers, chemicals for laboratory workers, etc.;
ecological situation;
Diagnosed allergy to animal dander or plant pollen.

Other causes include diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, adenoid vegetation, polyposis and improper treatment with local vasoconstrictor medications.

Treatment of vasomotor rhinosinusitis

Therapy is aimed at strengthening the vessels of the mucous membrane and normalizing blood circulation. During treatment, it is necessary to correct the impaired function of the mucous membrane.

Therapeutic measures include:

identification and elimination of provoking factors (for example, exclusion of a number of products, alcohol, tobacco smoke, etc.);
treatment of gastrointestinal diseases (chronic gastritis, GERD);
moderate physical activity (light jogging and walking) – helps improve the functioning of the autonomic nervous system);
taking a contrast shower;
use of medications:

antiallergic nasal sprays;
corticosteroid sprays;
drops and sprays that help reduce secretions (contain ipratropium bromide);
vasoconstrictor drops and sprays (short-term use);

rinsing the nasal cavity with saline solutions and special compounds;
acupuncture;
hardening (baths for feet and hands with a gradual decrease in temperature);
physiotherapeutic procedures (ultrasound, magnetic field, electrophoresis, etc.).

In Russia, nasal blockades with hydrocortisone and other hormonal drugs are traditionally used.

Substances are injected into the tissue of the nasal cavity, resulting in the formation of a depot of hormonal medication that has an anti-inflammatory and decongestant effect.

This is a common technique, but it can cause complications.

If conservative treatment does not give the desired result, minimally invasive intervention is performed on the choroid plexuses of the nasal cavity.

Surgical correction of anatomical abnormalities (eg, curvatures) may also be indicated.

What is it - sinusopathy of the brain

Sinusopathy is a pathological inflammation, during the development of which the patient suffers from pronounced symptoms. The reason for the formation of such inflammation lies in infectious or viral penetration into the cavity of the maxillary sinuses, but an allergic reaction is considered to be the main factor in the development of the disease.

Sinusopathy is a chronic disease that is quite difficult to get rid of. On an x-ray, sinusopathy looks exactly like this.

Allergic lesions of the paranasal sinuses most often develop against the background of existing inflammation in this cavity. In addition, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is often diagnosed in people who often suffer from acute rhinitis or inflammation of sinusitis.

The risk group includes patients with a weakened immune system, as well as people living in areas with heavily polluted air.

In addition, people with an injured nose or postoperative effects on the nasal cavity can get sick.

The disease can occur not only in combination with other diseases. In some cases, it occurs in isolation and then the treatment of the pathology is much easier.

Chronic runny nose of allergic origin is called rhinosinusopathy. The disease is based on inflammation of the paranasal appendages and mucous membrane of the nasal cavity for several reasons.

The sinuses of the nose are lined with several layers of epithelium, in particular glandular and ciliated. Inflammatory processes lead to various disorders of the endothelium: allergens provoke an immune response, as a result of which nasal breathing is disrupted and mucus accumulates. Due to constant itching, the number of sneezes increases.

There are several forms of chronic sinusitis:

Polypous rhinosinusopathy – characterized by the formation of polyps. Polyps are capsule-like growths of mucous membranes. They increase in size and block the path of air at the entrance, and also complicate its circulation in the accessory cavities.
Allergic rhinosinusopathy is a runny nose that develops as a result of contact with the mucous layers of a provoking allergen.
Vasomotor rhinosinusopathy is a peculiar reaction of nerve endings to external irritating factors: hormonal imbalance, heat, cold and viral infection.

There is also a purulent and catarrhal form of the disease. The disease also differs in severity, cause of the pathological phenomenon and clinical picture.

The purulent and catarrhal forms have only an acute course and differ in the severity of symptoms.

To identify the disease, it is necessary to establish the cause and conduct a diagnosis.

For rhinosinusopathy, conservative treatment is carried out. Doctors prescribe the following groups of drugs:

General and local antihistamines to eliminate signs of allergies.
Wash solutions. They are necessary to cleanse the sinuses, moisturize the mucous membranes and flush out the allergen.
Immune complexes to improve immunity.
Vitamins and minerals.

Physiotherapeutic procedures include ultra-high-frequency therapy, UV radiation and low-frequency current pulses. Physiotherapy helps improve the blood supply system and restore the epithelium. Surgical intervention is performed if the cause of the pathological process is identified as polypous formations or hyperplasia in the nasal cavity.

In addition to drug treatment, therapy with decoctions and infusions of medicinal plants is allowed. The patient is recommended to lead an active and healthy lifestyle:

to refuse from bad habits;
follow the doctor's recommendations;
monitor the temperature and humidity of the surrounding air;
review your diet.

Working together in treatment can eliminate the disease and prevent relapses of the disease.

What is the disease rhinosinusopathy of the brain?

Predisposition to allergic reactions is the basis of a chronic disease - rhinosinusopathy of the brain.

Rhinosinusopathy has nothing to do with the brain, although patients suffer from relatively severe pain in the head. In fact, the source of the disease is located far from the brain.

In many cases, rhinosinusopathy occurs regardless of whether a person monitors his health or not.

The reason that can provoke rhinosinusopathy is advanced and not promptly treated vasomotor or allergic rhinitis .

In addition, people predisposed to allergies are at risk. This can get worse if a person is addicted to taking medications . Drugs can serve as an activator of allergic reactions.

There are certain risk factors that can trigger or accelerate rhinosinusopathy of the brain. The most common are:

allergic predisposition;
diseases of the respiratory system that have a chronic course;
adenoids;
use of medications without measure and medical supervision;
poor environmental situation;
gastrointestinal problems;
smoking and other bad habits;
unfavorable production conditions (work in chemical production, in production with increased air dust).

Symptoms of rhinosinusopathy

The main symptom of rhinosinusopathy is deterioration in breathing combined with strong mucous secretion of watery secretion through the nasal route.

Frequent attacks of sneezing are possible, weakening towards night. Anxiety is caused by heaviness in the head and area around the nose.

As a result of an acute process of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, symptoms such as:

increased body temperature;
general weakness of the body;
worsening sleep and loss of appetite;
the appearance of irritability, mood swings;
chills.

In addition to the general symptoms of the inflammatory process, there are also special ones characteristic of rhinosinusopathy of the brain, these are:

recurrent runny nose, occurring up to 10 times a year;
swelling of the face;
heaviness in the head, headaches;
frequent sneezing, which is accompanied by itching and moderate cough;
difficulty breathing due to copious mucus secretions.

There are three forms of rhinosinusopathy, varying in symptoms and duration:

Acute episodic.
Seasonal.
Persistent (year-round).

With occasional contact with allergens, acute symptoms of inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses appear. Seasonal rhinosinusopathy worsens during the period of abundant flowering of plants.

Year-round rhinosinusitis may last for nine months of the year or more.

Children with rhinosunusopathy of the brain experience absent-minded attention , restlessness, poor academic performance and irritability.

Diagnosis of rhinosinusopathy

In the early stages of the disease, diagnosing it is quite problematic . The symptoms of the disease are similar to the usual seasonal exacerbation of allergies or a cold. It is worth paying attention if manifestations occur frequently and cause concern.

In order to promptly identify allergic rhinosinusopathy, it is necessary to undergo a medical examination by an ENT doctor and an allergist .

The diagnosis is confirmed by allergy tests , such as immunoglobulin testing, skin tests, etc. Examination of the nasal cavity shows swelling of the nasal sinuses and mucous discharge. In the case of a chronic course of the disease, polypous growths in the sinuses and nasal passages are possible.

To make a diagnosis, the following activities are carried out:

examination of the patient and his interview;
radiography of the sinuses;
Rhinoscopy is a method that determines the advanced stage of the disease and the extent of its spread.

Which areas of the nasal cavities are affected can be seen using MRI of the brain . The disease rhinosinusopathy of the brain is not self-diagnosed. Mandatory consultation with specialists is required. If not treated in a timely manner, the disease quickly becomes chronic.

Symptoms

The clinical picture of rhinosinusopathy is characterized by sluggish symptoms, but it is the latent state that worsens the patient’s well-being.

An accompanying symptom of rhinosinusitis is depression. A physiological disorder aggravates the severity of the pathology.

Common symptoms of chronic rhinosinusopathy are:

nasal congestion;
copious mucous discharge from the nasal passages;
frequent urge to sneeze;
paroxysmal itching;
swelling;
lacrimation;
headache.

The patient's condition is comparable to influenza. The patient notes a feeling of fatigue, lack of appetite, depression and apathy occur.

Doctors identify the following symptoms of the disease:

first of all, the mucous membrane of the nasal passages and sinuses undergoes deformation and swells;
polyps grow in the cavity of the nasal passages, and the number of eosinophils in the blood increases significantly;
the patient is often bothered by headaches - attacks are sudden and have no apparent reason for their occurrence;
a feeling of heaviness appears in the patient’s head, localized in the area of the frontal lobe of the structure of the skull, nose and bridge of the nose;
the nasal passages itch, a burning sensation appears, and if the pathology is of an allergic nature, the patient is bothered by sneezing and mucous discharge;
a hearing problem is diagnosed - the patient hears worse, there is a ringing in the ears, the patient loses orientation in time and space.

In the absence of an attack, the condition of the nasal mucosa is normal, and hyperplasia is observed in the area of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses.

In addition, the patient may feel a general loss of strength and weakness, and he is drawn to sleep.

Diagnosis of allergic rhinosinusopathy

To identify allergic rhinosinusopathy, a primary clinical examination of the patient by an allergist-immunologist and an ENT doctor is necessary. At the same time, anamnesis, rhinoscopy data, instrumental examination, and allergy tests are studied.

When examining the nasal cavity during an exacerbation, swelling of the lower nasal conchas, often of the middle nasal passage, mucous or mucopurulent discharge is noted. In the chronic process, polypous growths in the nasal passages and sinuses are often found. X-ray of the paranasal sinuses reveals the presence of parietal thickening of the mucous membrane, an unstable decrease in the transparency of the sinus, and in case of chronic allergic rhinosinusopathy and the presence of polyps, persistent darkening of the sinus. Diagnostic puncture of the sinus makes it possible to clarify the nature of the lavage fluid (in the case of an allergic process, it is clean, without signs of purulent inflammation). The diagnosis of allergic rhinosinusopathy is confirmed by positive allergy tests (skin allergy tests, study of specific immunoglobulins).

Differential diagnosis is carried out with viral and bacterial rhinosinusitis, vasomotor rhinitis.

Preventive actions

Before making a diagnosis, the doctor conducts an examination and prescribes the necessary tests. In this case, doctors use methods such as rhinoscopy, x-rays and laboratory methods for examining biomaterial taken from the patient.

Thus, the use of rhinoscopy allows you to diagnose disorders in the mucous membranes of the nasal passages and determine the location of polyps.

Using an x-ray, the doctor assesses the general condition of the maxillary sinuses - in particular, the percentage of their transparency is determined.

Regarding laboratory testing, samples are taken from the patient’s nasal passages for allergens. Intradermal tests are also carried out, blood is taken for examination and a rhinocytogram is made - it allows you to identify the number of eosinophils in nasal discharge and the contents of the nasal sinuses.

If you treat a runny nose using traditional methods without consulting a doctor, the disease will quickly develop into a complicated form. Without test results and without knowing the causes of a runny nose, it is impossible to choose the optimal therapy. This is why it is important not to self-medicate.

Once the diagnosis is confirmed, drug therapy is prescribed. Bacterial polysinusitis is treated with drugs such as Ceftriaxone, Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, etc. Before using these drugs, it is recommended to determine the sensitivity of the nasal flora to antibiotics. It is worse if allergic rhinitis joins the existing disease.

The course of treatment usually does not exceed two weeks. The patient is prescribed both antibacterial drugs for internal use and drops with an antibacterial effect in the nose. The latter are preferable in the treatment of children, on whom broad-spectrum antibiotics have extremely negative effects.

Complex therapy includes:

the use of vasoconstrictor drugs - facilitate the patency of the nasal canals, relieve swelling. Usually do not apply more than 5 days in a row. Such products as Naphazoline and Okismetazoline have proven themselves well. Less aggressive formulations are used to treat infants;
thinning mucus - for this purpose, mucolytic drugs and secretolytics are prescribed, for example, Rinofluimucil;
relief of allergic reactions is mandatory in case of hypersensitivity to drugs or in the presence of chronic rhinitis. For this purpose, “Allergocaps”, “Allergodil”, “Loratadine”, etc. are used;
nasal rinsing is carried out using saline solution. Allows you to remove pus, thick mucus and prevent the development of congestion.

The purulent form involves puncturing the nose to extract pus and prevent complications. The procedure is carried out under local anesthesia and involves through penetration through a direct channel directly into the sinus. Under great pressure, the pus comes out. In parallel, classical drug therapy and physiotherapy are carried out.

Traditional medicine against frontal sinusitis

In case of severe inflammation, the use of hormonal drugs is permissible. Their selection is carried out by a doctor in accordance with clinical data. As soon as the acute stage subsides, physiotherapy procedures such as diathermy and ultraviolet radiation therapy are prescribed.

Vitamin therapy and hardening will help prevent the development of the disease. Moreover, all manipulations to strengthen the body are carried out exclusively in a healthy state. If you start hardening immediately after a cold, complications are possible.

If the upper respiratory tract is weakened and there are frequent colds, attention should be paid to traditional recipes. If they cannot be used as an alternative to classical medicine in the acute stage of the disease, then for prevention they can be used. Aloe and calendula juice for instillation into the nose, rinsing with sea salt, inhalation with eucalyptus and chamomile will help strengthen the nasopharynx.

Preventive methods allow you not only to avoid a runny nose and breathing problems, but also to strengthen your immune system and reduce the likelihood of colds. Hardening should not be limited to dousing with cold water. This includes being in the fresh air, sunbathing, and visiting salt caves. The latter are especially effective against ENT diseases.

Linden blossom has an anti-edematous and cleansing effect. It is used for inhalation, decoctions for rinsing the nose, and strengthening the immune system. The following remedy will help increase immune defense: mix linden blossom, sage, calendula, yarrow, chamomile and lavender in equal proportions. Take 3 tbsp. l.

Herbal remedies prepared at home can cause severe allergic reactions that will aggravate the disease. The use of herbs is permissible only in the case of 100% absence of individual intolerance.

Hypothermia should not be allowed, because any hypothermia leads to an exacerbation of the disease. If a person has had polysinusitis in the past, the likelihood of recurrence in the future is high. And vitamin deficiency, decreased immunity, smoking, inflammation of the oral cavity and even dental diseases can lead to the disease. Therefore, it is important to lead a healthy lifestyle and monitor your well-being.

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Allergic rhinosinusopathy

Allergic rhinosinusopathy

– an inflammatory disease of an allergic nature, in which there is damage to the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and one or more paranasal sinuses. It manifests itself as impaired nasal breathing, runny nose, sneezing attacks, headaches, as well as symptoms of damage to the bronchopulmonary system.

Diagnosis is based on a clinical examination by an ENT doctor and an allergist-immunologist, a study of the results of allergy tests, X-ray and endoscopic examination of the paranasal sinuses. Treatment is complex: antihistamines, anti-inflammatory therapy, elimination of allergens, specific immunotherapy.

Allergic rhinosinusopathy (allergic rhinosinusitis) is a pathological condition caused by an allergic lesion of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and its paranasal sinuses, manifested by difficulty in nasal breathing, paroxysmal rhinorrhea, sneezing and other symptoms. The disease develops when the reactivity of the body, its immune system is impaired, rarely occurs in isolation and, as a rule, is accompanied by allergic inflammation of other organs and systems (pharynx and larynx, bronchi and lungs, eyes, skin).

Allergic rhinosinusopathy occurs in 10-20% of the population, more often in children, as well as in young people aged 18-24 years.

In the United States of America, more than 35 million people annually seek medical attention with symptoms of allergic lesions of the nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses, and the cost of their treatment is more than seven billion dollars per year.

No less urgent is the problem of allergic rhinosinusopathy, its qualified diagnosis and treatment in Russia and other countries of the former USSR. Timely contact with an allergist-immunologist and otolaryngologist allows you to prevent complications (the transition of rhinosinusitis to a chronic form, the development of bronchial asthma, etc.).

Causes of allergic rhinosinusopathy

The development of allergic rhinosinusopathy is often due to a hereditary predisposition (increased reactivity of the immune system to irritants with the development of an IgE-dependent allergic reaction). In this case, it is possible to detect the presence of allergic conditions (rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma) in the patient’s relatives.

The main reason for the development of allergic rhinosinusopathy is the effect on the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses of plant allergens (pollen from flowering grasses and trees), pathogens, household dust and various chemicals contained in the inhaled air (including household chemicals, combustion products of tobacco and etc.). Possible causative factors also include food and drug allergens.

Allergic rhinosinusopathy often develops with prolonged inhalation exposure to various irritating substances during work associated with occupational hazards (coal miners, drillers, foundry workers, chemical and pharmaceutical enterprises, painters, etc.).

Hemorrhoids kill the patient in 79% of cases

Allergens, having initially entered the respiratory tract, cause sensitization (increased sensitivity) of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Upon repeated penetration of the same allergen, an inflammatory IgE-dependent reaction develops with infiltration of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.

The resulting swelling of the mucous membrane complicates the communication of the sinuses with the nasal cavity and causes the development of allergic rhinosinusopathy, which quickly becomes chronic.

With a long course of the disease, increased reactivity begins to develop not only to incoming allergens, but also to any substance that irritates the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx.

Symptoms of allergic rhinosinusopathy

Characteristic signs of allergic rhinosinusopathy are difficulty in nasal breathing, paroxysmal, copious discharge of mucous, watery secretions from the nasal passages and bouts of sneezing. At night, sneezing decreases and nasal congestion increases. A feeling of heaviness in the head and paranasal area is often disturbing.

In the chronic course of allergic rhinosinusopathy, headaches can occur almost daily, intensifying when the head is tilted down.

Infection of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract leads to the development of an acute inflammatory process in the sinuses (the maxillary sinuses and cells of the ethmoid labyrinth are most often affected).

In this case, symptoms of a violation of the general condition appear with increased body temperature, chills, general weakness, sleep and appetite disturbances, irritability, and mood swings.

Increased reactivity of the immune system with the development of hypersensitivity in response to the penetration of allergens is a general reaction of the body, which often leads to the generalization of the process and the appearance of foci of allergic inflammation in other organs and tissues.

In this case, along with allergic rhinosinusopathy, there are often symptoms of damage to the bronchopulmonary system - cough with difficult to clear sputum, feeling of lack of air, suffocation (with bronchial asthma).

On the skin, the appearance of foci of recurrent urticaria and atopic dermatitis can be detected.

Based on the nature of the onset of symptoms and their duration, several forms of allergic rhinosinusopathy are distinguished: acute episodic, seasonal and year-round (persistent).

Acute and quickly passing symptoms of allergic inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are observed with occasional (rare) contact with inhaled allergens (more often these are waste products of animals and birds that enter the respiratory tract accidentally, once).

Seasonal allergic rhinosinusopathy is characterized by the appearance of typical symptoms of damage to the nasopharynx during the flowering period of plants. Persistent rhinosinusitis of an allergic nature occurs for at least nine months a year.

Diagnosis of allergic rhinosinusopathy

X-ray of the paranasal sinuses reveals the presence of parietal thickening of the mucous membrane, an unstable decrease in the transparency of the sinus, and in case of chronic allergic rhinosinusopathy and the presence of polyps, persistent darkening of the sinus.

Diagnostic puncture of the sinus makes it possible to clarify the nature of the lavage fluid (in the case of an allergic process, it is clean, without signs of purulent inflammation).

The diagnosis of allergic rhinosinusopathy is confirmed by positive allergy tests (skin allergy tests, study of specific immunoglobulins).

Differential diagnosis is carried out with viral and bacterial rhinosinusitis, vasomotor rhinitis.

Treatment of allergic rhinosinusopathy

Treatment of allergic rhinosinusopathy includes elimination of allergens, drug therapy using intranasal glucocorticosteroids and antihistamines, as well as specific immunotherapy.

Elimination measures, that is, ensuring maximum reduction of contact with allergens, are carried out for seasonal rhinosinusopathy by limiting the time spent outdoors and using air conditioning systems. The main fight against household and household allergens (dust, insects, animal waste products, molds) is carried out through regular cleaning of residential premises and maintaining sufficient humidity in the rooms.

Drug therapy for allergic rhinosinusopathy involves the use of local (intranasal) glucocorticosteroids (beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticazole, mometasone), second and third generation antihistamines (cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine), cromones (cromoglycic acid).

Specific immunotherapy is an effective method for treating allergic lesions of the upper respiratory tract. In this case, parenteral administration of gradually increasing doses of the allergen is carried out (the administration regimen is drawn up individually). The duration of specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinosinusopathy can range from several months to 3-4 years.

In case of severe pathology of the paranasal sinuses and hypertrophy of the nasal turbinates, or the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment, surgical intervention may be performed.

Timely detection and appropriate treatment of allergic rhinosinusopathy can eliminate the symptoms of the disease and prevent complications.

Source: https://illnessnews.ru/allergicheskaia-rinosinysopatiia/

Providing medical care

Treatment of sinusopathy, first of all, involves removing the allergen from the body, which provokes the course of the pathology. Afterwards, medications are prescribed that can alleviate the patient’s condition, and these most often are the following:

Suprastin;
Diphenhydramine;
Diazolin;
Tavegil.

As an addition, the doctor prescribes glucocorticosteroids, which are used topically, as well as a complex of minerals and vitamins, drugs containing calcium - all of them together help restore the patient’s body.

If the disease is accompanied by manifestations of allergies, doctors prescribe antihistamines to eliminate negative symptoms.

Glucocorticosteroid compounds also have a positive effect - they are used in the form of a spray or aerosol. If the treatment does not give positive dynamics, the nasal passages are treated with antibiotics dissolved in water.

In order to normalize the functioning of the nose, it is recommended to spend more time in clean air, prepare a properly structured diet and regularly take a course of vitamin preparations.

Prevention

In most cases (about 97%), rhinosinusopathy occurs due to the development of allergies. Often, even if all measures are taken, the disease develops, since the allergen is not excluded and autoimmune reactions do not stop their “activity”. Prevention in this case consists of reducing contact with allergens:

take antihistamines;
minimize exposure to irritants;
rinse your nasopharynx after visiting the street with saline solution.

Eliminate foods that provoke the development of an immune reaction from the diet, and introduce vitamins into the daily diet that improve the condition of the mucous membranes.

Rhinosinusopathy is a common disease, and in patients with a tendency to allergies it becomes chronic. Patients note that exacerbations occur up to 10 times a year, with particular intensity in the off-season. The disease is treatable, and the sooner you seek help, the better the result of therapy.

Why is it important to treat polysinusitis?

People do not always pay due attention to their well-being and put off visiting a doctor. Ignoring the first symptoms of the disease and

Delaying treatment may cause more serious health problems. The source of infection will spread beyond the sinuses through the bony septum along the bloodstream, especially quickly with high blood pressure. Pathogenic microorganisms will provoke the formation of a blood clot and the appearance of multinucleated large cells that destroy bone tissue. The bone crushers will make passages through which the infection will reach the eye socket and cranial cavity.

The chronic form of polysinusitis causes serious complications during exacerbations that occur even with minor hypothermia. Prolonged illness and improper treatment are dangerous with unpleasant consequences. The development of polysinusitis provokes the spread of pathogenic microbes in the lower respiratory organs and new diseases: tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia. Breakthrough of purulent accumulations leads to meningitis, encephalitis, and brain abscess.

A progressive inflammatory process can cause infection of the skeletal system and the development of osteomyelitis. Prolonged polysinusitis occasionally contributes to infection of the genitourinary and cardiovascular systems, which are much more difficult to cure than sinusitis.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNjgTeRQ9Es

Sometimes diagnosing complications with polysinusitis is quite problematic due to an unclear clinical picture. If the skull is damaged, the prognosis is unfavorable and death is possible.

Treatment of polysinusitis at home should be discussed with a doctor, since inflammation of several nasal appendages is a dangerous condition that requires careful medical monitoring. Home therapy includes the use of rinsing solutions based on medicinal infusions and salt water.

Drops of freshly squeezed Kalanchoe or aloe juice are often used. Inhalations with the addition of eucalyptus, warming the sinuses with hot salt and steam baths for inhaling vapors with a healing effect are allowed.

People often catch colds, ignore signs of nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, and are in no hurry to seek qualified help. In this case, unpleasant consequences cannot be avoided.

Complications appear in this case:

infection in the lower respiratory tract;
development of tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia;
when a purulent collection ruptures, meningitis and encephalitis develop;
inflammatory process in the brain and eye sockets.

There are also disturbances in the functioning of the whole body - kidneys, heart, blood vessels, local breakthroughs of pus require surgical intervention, and therefore without treatment of polysinusitis it is difficult to predict the further outcome of the situation.

Which method of polysinusotomy surgery is better?

The traditional method is highly effective, but it has disadvantages:

long recovery period;
after the operation there are scars;
it requires the use of strong general anesthesia.

Endoscopy is a more modern method, patients tolerate it much better, it is effective and less traumatic.

Endoscopic polysinsotomy is performed in the capital's First Surgery clinic. Many Moscow residents have already seen the high qualifications of its surgeons.

Information on bilateral surgery is available at the link below:

Endoscopic polysinsotomy (bilateral)

We recommend that you consult a doctor! 276-00-15

Signs of sinusopathy

An allergic change in the area of the paranasal sinuses usually develops against the background of an existing disease. In some cases, an allergic reaction comes to the fore. A series of diseases of the paranasal sinuses that appear against the background of allergies are united under one general name “allergic sinusopathy”.

This disease develops in the area of the maxillary sinuses and nasal cavity. It can occur in isolation or together with other allergic diseases in the form of skin diseases, bronchial asthma, and so on.

The frequency of detection of allergic rhinosinusitis is one percent of the total number of all diseases of the paranasal sinuses. If there is an underlying allergic background, which occurs in the form of an inflammatory process, doctors can diagnose a secondary infection or a mixed form of the disease.

An allergic reaction, as a rule, manifests itself in the area of the maxillary sinuses and affects the cells of the ethmoid labyrinth.

With the development of pathology in the patient, the epithelium of the mucous membranes thickens and their number increases. In this case, the mucous membrane has a tendency to polypous degeneration. There is a proliferation of affected tissues, submucosal tissues swell and become saturated with eosinophils and mononuclear cells. During laboratory examination, in addition to connective cells, plasma cells, as well as eosinophils in increased numbers, can be detected in the submucosal tissues.
The acute form usually develops unexpectedly. The patient feels severe nasal congestion, itching of the maxillary sinuses, and heaviness in the head. Additionally, signs of the disease are detected, such as strong watery discharge from the nose, accompanied by almost continuous sneezing. When a secondary infection occurs, the patient exhibits symptoms of ordinary acute sinusitis.
In the chronic form of the disease, the patient experiences headache, heaviness in the head and nasal area, nervousness, and tinnitus. Quite often the disease is accompanied by a depressive state.

In general, a disease such as the allergic form of sinusopathy lasts quite a long time and is very difficult to treat. Doctors can prescribe both conservative and surgical treatment.

When performing rhinoscopy, swelling of the mucous membrane is detected, the lower conchae are most often affected, the surface of the mucosa has a white or lavender tint, and can also be hyperemic.

Between attacks of the disease, the mucous membranes of the nose and the surface of the maxillary sinuses may appear normal. With frequent attacks, polyps may form on the surface of the mucous membrane and hyperplasia may develop. This leads to difficulty in nasal breathing. With the subsequent growth of polyps, breathing through the nose can be completely blocked.

It is necessary to understand that if left untreated, the disease can cause complications in the form of cerebral sinusopathy. Therefore, it is necessary to seek medical help promptly.

The frequency of detection of allergic rhinosinusitis is 20-40 percent of the total number of all diseases of the paranasal sinuses. If there is an underlying allergic background, which occurs in the form of an inflammatory process, doctors can diagnose a secondary infection or a mixed form of the disease.

Allergic rhinosinusopathy: symptoms and treatment

Allergic rhinosinusopathy is a type of allergy that manifests itself in the form of nasal congestion and inflammation of the mucous membrane. Often occurs against the background of a general decrease in immunity.

Description of allergic rhinosinusopathy

As a rule, rhinosinusopathy has a chronic form. It does not pose a serious threat to human life, but it greatly affects the quality of life. The most possible complications if left untreated are bronchial asthma and allergic polyposis.

Allergic rhinosinusopathy affects approximately 15% of the world's population, the main contingent being teenagers and young people 18-20 years old.

Upon first contact with the allergen, immunoglobulin E is formed, which is fixed on the membranes of mast cells. This stage is characterized by increased sensitivity of the body and accumulation of immunoglobulins E.

Upon secondary contact with the allergen, an inflammatory reaction begins, accompanied by swelling of the mucous membrane.

There are 3 types of allergic rhinosinusopathy:

acute, characteristic of rare contacts with an allergen and passing quickly enough;
seasonal, occurring at certain times of the year and associated with the flowering of certain plant species;
persistent – chronic allergy that does not go away for most of the year.

Causes of allergic rhinosinusopathy

Rhinosinusopathy develops against the background of a general high sensitivity to environmental influences - this is how the body reacts to a certain allergen. Upon contact with it, the immune system begins to produce protective antibodies, including immunoglobulin E.

As a rule, those suffering from allergic rhinosinusopathy have a number of other concomitant diseases, for example, bronchial asthma.

Allergens for rhinosinusopathy can be:

pollen;
household dust;
chemical substances;
food products;
medications.

The main reasons are:

heredity;
chronic diseases (asthma);
tobacco addiction;
reduced immunity.

It is necessary to take into account the fact that it is not always possible to identify the exact cause of the disease.

Symptoms of allergic rhinosinusopathy in adults and children

The immune system of an allergic person is much more sensitive to external irritants than that of a healthy person. Therefore, upon contact with an allergen, rapid spread to other organs occurs and new foci of infection appear.

This disease is often accompanied by symptoms such as:

cough;
sputum formation;
difficulty or impaired breathing;
runny nose;
sneezing;
headache;
damage to the bronchi and lungs.

In some cases, inflammation of the respiratory system, as well as the eyes and skin, begins. At night, the frequency of sneezing decreases and nasal congestion increases. Patients periodically complain of heaviness in the head or in the nose area.

Against the background of allergic rhinosinusopathy, secondary infections and inflammation of the sinuses can develop. Characteristic symptoms:

malaise;
heat;
chills;
general weakness;
sleep problems;
decreased appetite;
irritability.

How to identify allergic rhinosinusopathy

If you have symptoms of rhinosinusopathy, you should contact an allergist and otolaryngologist.

Specialists must:

study the patient’s medical history;
carry out allergy tests to, if possible, identify the substance causing the allergic reaction;
refer for an x-ray examination of the sinuses and nose.

Treatment options for allergic rhinosinusopathy

It is impossible to completely get rid of rhinosinusopathy - it is a chronic disease. It is necessary, first of all, to avoid allergens, and also to minimize the time the patient spends outside the room during flowering plants. If there is a reaction to dust, ventilate and wet clean the home more often.

In the presence of household and household allergens, such as dust or pets, regular cleaning of the house, apartment or office and maintaining a certain level of humidity is required.

It is better to remove carpets, curtains, pillows with down or feathers from the room and replace them with blinds and synthetic materials.

Diet also greatly influences the occurrence and development of allergies. Beneficial bacteria help the body cope with allergens by breaking them down.

Therefore, by improving the condition of the gastrointestinal tract, the risk of, for example, rhinitis or allergic conjunctivitis can be reduced.

To achieve this result, it may be enough to increase foods such as vegetables, fruits, and dairy products in your diet.

Climate also influences the development of allergies. The most favorable climate for this disease is a cold and humid climate. Allergy sufferers feel best in dry and warm places. Sea salt water is known to help with skin allergies. The sun, by increasing the production of vitamin D and heating the skin, also helps reduce allergic symptoms.

To treat allergies, medications such as:

reducing allergy symptoms;
anti-inflammatory;
leukotriene inhibitors;
bronchodilators.

Prevention of allergic rhinosinusopathy

As already mentioned, it is impossible to get rid of allergic rhinosinusopathy. However, if you eliminate the allergen and take medications prescribed by your doctor, you can significantly reduce the severity of the allergic reaction and improve your quality of life.

Source: https://medvisor.ru/articles/allergii/allergicheskaya-rinosinusopatiya-simptomy-i-lechenie/

Treatment of different types of polysinusitis

Treatment of polysinusitis is nothing more than the simultaneous treatment of sinusitis and sinusitis, so the set of remedies is the same.

Spicy

Acute polysinusitis is a consequence of the development of a bacterial infection, and if there is no nasal discharge among the symptoms, catarrhal is added.

Such polysinusitis is treated with antibiotics, which the patient usually receives in the form of tablets or injections. Depending on the drug and severity, the course varies from 4 to 14 days. Depending on the individual characteristics of the course of the disease and tolerability of the drug, the following drugs may be prescribed:

Azithromycin and erythromycin;
Amoxicillin and amoxiclav;
Ceftriaxone and many others.

Thanks to the use of these drugs, the growth of bacteria that causes the disease stops.

The choice of antibiotic for acute polysinusitis is the main task of treatment. If the drug is selected correctly, taking into account the microorganisms located in the sinuses, then the disease will recede sooner or a little later and all minor medications and procedures will only speed up recovery.

Conversely, if the antibiotic was determined offhand and was not guessed correctly, the treatment will drag on for many weeks and months, after which it may become chronic. All other treatment is mainly symptomatic.

Medication.

For fever and pain, anti-inflammatory and painkillers are prescribed;
For severe nasal congestion, vasoconstrictor drops and sprays;
For mucus stagnation - secretolytics and mucolytics (rinofluimucil).

Procedural.

In a hospital setting, nasal rinsing is performed using isotonic saline solution or antiseptics. This rinse deeply cleanses the nasal passages and sinuses of bacterial plaque and mucus residues.

On one's own.

At home, patients also do not sit idly by and invent various folk remedies based on natural ingredients. They make ointments, tinctures, drops, inhalations using various herbs, honey and plants. The choice of these funds is quite wide and purely individual for each person.

Purulent

Operation.

Purulent polysinusitis complicates the situation by the accumulation of pus in the sinuses, while there is practically no nasal discharge (or a very small amount), since it stagnates in the sinuses.

With this form of polysinusitis, drug therapy is not enough - with purulent polysinusitis, a puncture is indicated, which is designed to pierce the passages into the sinuses to release mucus and pus from them.

After the puncture, a special tube is installed into the resulting passage, with the help of which all purulent masses are thoroughly washed out of the sinuses. The procedure is often carried out several times.

Physio.

In addition, physical and drug therapy is prescribed. Physiotherapy procedures such as ultraviolet irradiation therapy and diathermy are highly effective. Such thermal procedures are prescribed after the puncture, that is, when the outflow of pus from the sinuses is not obstructed.

Chronic

Chronic polysinusitis can be a consequence of untreated acute polysinusitis or be an independent type of disease.

First.

This is strengthening the body and raising immunity through hardening and physical exercise.

Second.

This is the periodic passage of medical procedures and the use of natural-based preparations, for example, nasal drops from thuja, sea buckthorn or eucalyptus, to improve the condition of the nose.

And third.

This means limiting contact with people with colds and refraining from visiting crowded places during the season of viral infections. And if this is not possible, for example, on the subway or bus, an ordinary medical mask for 10 rubles can save the situation.

Symptoms and treatment of various types of rhinosinusopathy

Rhinosinusopathy is a long-term disease of the nasal cavity and sinuses, a complication of allergic or vasomotor rhinitis, which is chronic. If you understand what rhinosinusopathy is and how to deal with it correctly, you can avoid serious complications.

Treatment

When treating rhinosinusopathy, you should consult a doctor. Self-medication is unacceptable. However, there are a number of rules that the patient must adhere to to facilitate the recovery process:

It is necessary to give up bad habits. Smoking and drinking alcohol negatively affect the sinuses, and additives in tobacco or alcoholic beverages can cause an allergic reaction.
Medicines must be taken strictly in accordance with the doctor's prescription.
To avoid allergic reactions, it is necessary to carry out wet cleaning and ventilate the room daily. It is advisable to get rid of allergens at least for the duration of treatment.
You should adhere to dietary nutrition.
To drug treatment, it is necessary to add a course of vitamins that will help strengthen the immune system and help you quickly return to your normal rhythm of life.

Allergic

Allergic rhinosinusopathy may be seasonal or may occur continuously. Without proper treatment, it easily develops into chronic disease. It depends on the presence of the allergen.

In order to get rid of the disease, it is necessary to identify the allergen using an allergy test and eliminate it. It is also necessary to exclude smoking, alcohol, dust and food additives.

Allergies are in most cases hereditary, but the presence of these irritants can aggravate it.

Antihistamines can be used in courses or during an exacerbation of the disease. Flushing the sinuses will be effective, which you can learn on your own and do at home.

It is almost impossible to completely get rid of allergic rhinosinusopathy, but it is possible to reduce its manifestations.

Polyposis

Polypous rhinosinusopathy is characterized by the formation of polyps in the nasal cavity and sinuses, which occurs with prolonged exposure to allergens. Surgery is often used to get rid of polyps.

This approach is justified if polyps interfere with the passage of air and do not respond to conservative treatment methods. However, patients with a predisposition may develop bronchial asthma after surgery.

Therefore, resorting to surgical methods of getting rid of polyps is necessary only when conservative methods are ineffective.

It must be remembered that the main aspect in the treatment of polypous rhinosinusopathy is identifying and eliminating the cause of polyp growth. If the cause is not eliminated, they may appear again. In addition, after surgery, maintenance therapy is necessary to help prevent the growth of new polyps.

Vasomotor

Vasomotor rhinosinusopathy most often manifests itself due to congenital structural features of the nasal cavity. It can be caused by a deviated nasal septum, the presence of spines or ridges in it, severe hypothermia, or a change in metabolism.

If the problem lies in the structural features of the nasal cavity, then surgical intervention is necessary to eliminate it, which will not leave any traces.

If the disease is caused by hypothermia, then high-quality cauterization is necessary in each nostril. Several inconspicuous stitches will prevent the development of the disease in the future. After the operation, the patient must carefully monitor his health, avoid hypothermia and not get sick in the first months after the procedure, otherwise he will have to repeat it.

It is also necessary to remember about the restoration of the nasal mucosa. Proper lymph flow will prevent the development of the disease.

It is possible to get rid of vasomotor rhinosinusopathy if you consult a doctor in time.

Chronic

Chronic rhinosinusopathy develops when the course of the disease is advanced. Getting rid of the chronic manifestation of the disease is very difficult. In this case, surgical intervention is almost always necessary, since the use of antihistamines, nasal rinsing and diet most often no longer help.

In order to avoid the onset of chronic disease, it is necessary to comply with preventive measures. If the disease is of concern, you should consult a doctor. A preventive examination will help get rid of serious complications.

Source: https://LorVDele.ru/nos/sinusit/rinosinusopatiya.html

Possible complications

When the first symptoms of polysinusitis appear, you should immediately go to the doctor. This disease is fraught with serious complications.

Polysinusitis provokes the following complications:

meningitis;
pneumonia;
asthma;
abscesses.

In some cases, complications develop in other organs - pathology of the kidneys and heart appears, which are difficult to treat. In rare cases, the lining of the brain becomes infected. Polysinusopathy is considered a serious disease that requires immediate treatment.

Dangerous complications associated with polysinusitis include meningitis and brain abscess. Cellulitis of the orbits, inflammation of the lung tissue, and rupture of bone tissue cannot be excluded. The disease causes pathologies of the heart, liver and renal system. The chronic form of the disease leads to persistent neurological disorders.