Staphylococcus aureus in the nose can cause many pathological conditions. Under the influence of unfavorable factors, the microorganism turns from opportunistic into pathogenic and begins to actively multiply. The process negatively affects the body's cells, causing their destruction and death.
Currently, the fight against staphylococcal infection is complicated by the bacterium's tendency to mutate (changes in DNA structures). The result was the pathogen's resistance to the effects of many antibacterial drugs. The situation significantly complicates treatment and requires constant monitoring by a doctor.
What do we know about the infection and its consequences?
Staphylococcus aureus (Aureus) is very common. Almost half of the world's population is a permanent carrier of the microorganism. It is clear that it is not difficult to become infected with it. The pathogen prefers to settle on the skin and mucous surfaces of the nose, throat and genitals.
The bacterium was named for its bright golden color, visible under a microscope. A simple colony of bacteria does not cause an immune response in the body and does not require treatment
Having entered the activation phase, golden aureus can cause a lot of diseases. By breaking down fats and damaging the sebaceous plug located in the skin stomata, the pathogen provokes the development of various pathologies of the dermis - acne, boils, rashes, abscesses.
In addition, staphylococcus causes more serious illnesses:
- meningitis;
- sepsis;
- pneumonia;
- joint ailments;
- purulent inflammation of the bone marrow (osteomyelitis);
- toxic shock.
The most common localization of staphylococcus is the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx and groin area. The ability of the bacterium to survive in human sweat makes it a frequent visitor to the armpits, where it is most difficult to cure the disease.
Golden bacterium is amazingly resistant to external factors. The pathogen remains viable when dried and boiled at a temperature of 160° C, exists in direct sunlight for almost a day, and is preserved in ethyl alcohol.
The bacillus not only does not die under the influence of antiseptics, but, on the contrary, begins to actively produce an enzyme that breaks down the drug into its components. Some of the components are absorbed by the staphylococcus itself.
Nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus during a stay in the maternity hospital is dangerous for mother and child
Today, the microorganism is considered one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections and provokes the development of postoperative complications.
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Staphylococcus in the nose
As we already said, the golden bacterium loves to settle in the nose. Moreover, the bacillus is often found in completely healthy people who coexist peacefully with it for years. Why does staphylococcus become dangerous? It's simple. Under the influence of unfavorable factors, and this is usually hypothermia or viral infections, staphylococcus penetrates deeper, affecting the tissues of the pharynx and ear canals.
The result is the development of pathological conditions:
- inflammation in the middle ear;
- sinusitis, sinusitis;
- pneumonia;
- tonsillitis.
The presence of staphylococcus in the nose often provokes purulent sore throat and other pathologies of the respiratory system.
Disease during pregnancy
Expectant mothers need to maintain their immunity and protect themselves from any infections. When the disease occurs, there is a high probability of damage to the membranes, and the fetus sometimes becomes ill.
If Staphylococcus aureus is detected during the collection of tests, treatment for staphylococcus in the nose and throat is prescribed.
A pregnant woman needs to constantly gargle and use ointments for the nasal cavity. Take vitamin complexes for pregnant women.
After a few weeks of treatment, repeat tests are prescribed.
Diagnostics
To identify a staphylococcal infection, a swab is taken from the patient’s throat and nasal cavity. Before the test, you should not eat or drink, brush your teeth, gargle, or rinse your nose.
The rate of golden bacteria should not exceed 10*2–10*3 degrees CFU/ml.
A smear to detect staphylococcus is taken from the nasal cavity or throat
Culture for staphylococcus can show higher values. But if the patient does not have any manifestations of a respiratory infection, even high levels do not indicate pathology.
Signs of the disease
Symptoms of staphylococcus in the nose in adults depend, first of all, on the illness they provoke. However, there are signs characteristic of any pathological condition:
Oil solution of chlorophyllipt in the nose
- high body temperature;
- the appearance of pustules and skin irritation in the nasal area;
- intoxication of the body.
If sinusitis develops against the background of a golden infection, nasal congestion, headaches, aches in the maxillary sinuses, swelling of the face on the affected side, and runny nose are added to the general symptoms.
When rhinitis occurs, difficulty breathing and nasal discharge appear, quickly turning purulent. Mucosal atrophy is characterized by dry nasal canals, itching and burning.
Frontitis, which developed under the influence of Staphylococcus aureus, is expressed by headaches, which noticeably intensify when bending down. A feeling of fullness appears in the area of the superciliary arches, dizziness occurs, and general condition deteriorates.
Staphylococcus aureus is always accompanied by a purulent process. In this case, part of the pus along the back wall of the pharynx flows into the gastrointestinal tract and leads to the development of gastritis, colitis, hepatitis, and inflammatory processes in the kidneys.
Signs of infection in a child
Staphylococcus aureus in children manifests itself in the same way as in adults. The only difference is that the signs of the disease are more pronounced, since the immune system of babies is not perfect enough.
In children, Staphylococcus aureus is more severe than in adults
In general, if you follow the doctor’s recommendations and there are no concomitant pathologies, the infection occurs without complications in childhood.
Symptoms of infection
The appearance of a staphylococcal infection requires immediate treatment in adults and children. This is especially true for severe cases with damage from the golden type of pathogen. Signs of staphylococcus in the nose are as follows:
increase in body temperature to 38 degrees and above;- the occurrence of symptoms of rhinitis, which cannot be cured for a long time;
- active secretion of a transparent secretion with the subsequent formation of purulent components;
- the nasal passages close, breathing becomes difficult, and the flow of air through the mouth leads to inflammation spreading to the trachea and bronchi;
- hoarseness;
- loss of ability to distinguish odors;
- problems sleeping, increasing fatigue, general malaise;
- the appearance of signs of sinusitis and sinusitis.
A feature of staphylococcal infection in children is the presence of a rash on the body. Rashes in the form of pustules, as well as the discharge of pus, leading to the formation of crusts, require prompt medical intervention.
Scratching or otherwise disturbing wounds in the affected areas leads to the transfer of infection to other parts of the body.
Treatment
Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose is necessary only in cases where the infection provokes the development of complications: sinusitis, inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory tract, sinusitis, rhinitis. There is no point in fighting the bacteria on your own.
When using the wrong medication, the result is the opposite - the colony of staphylococci grows and spreads throughout the body.
In addition, incorrect treatment tactics result in the development of complications. Therefore, at the first signs of infection with aureus aureus, you should consult a doctor.
Medications
Given the insidiousness of staphylococcus and its ability to mutate, the question arises - how to treat the infection? Before choosing a drug, it is necessary to establish the sensitivity of the strain to specific antibacterial agents.
To combat pathogenic microorganisms, the following groups of drugs are most often used:
- antibiotics resistant to beta-lactamase - Oxacillin, Amoxiclav, Flucloscacillin, Cephalexin, Dicloxacillin, Cefolotin, Cefotaxime.
- staphylococcal bacteriophage. The product contains a colony of phage viruses that destroy golden aureus;
- immunostimulants - spray IRS-19, Taktivin, Polyoxidonium;
- vitamin complexes with a high content of vitamin C;
- antihistamines - Claritin, Tavegil, Suprastin, Diazolin.
Flucloxacillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic.
Currently, most strains of Staphylococcus aureus demonstrate a lack of sensitivity to penicillin. Some pathogens have acquired resistance to vancomycin and glycopeptides. Therefore, if there is no improvement two days after starting to take the antibacterial drug, you should consult a doctor to change the medication.
Local treatment
Ointments with tetracycline or erythromycin will help eliminate redness and pustules on the skin and inside the nose. For large abscesses, you should visit a doctor's office. The specialist will open the formation and treat the wound with an antiseptic. You cannot perform such a procedure yourself, since the contents of the abscess consist of a huge number of staphylococci.
If the abscess is insufficiently or improperly disinfected, bacteria will spread to healthy areas, and the infection will become dangerous.
Chlorophyllipt has proven itself to be excellent in the fight against Staphylococcus aureus. An oil solution of the drug is administered 3-4 drops into each nostril twice a day. The duration of therapy is at least 7 days.
Chlorophyllipt oil solution is excellent for treating Staphylococcus aureus
Fusiderm ointment helps with purulent inflammation in the nose. Apply the product to the affected areas three times a day until the ulcerations and ulcers completely disappear. At any stage of the disease, treating the nasal cavity with hydrogen peroxide will be useful. To carry out the procedures, it is recommended to dilute the 3% solution with water in a ratio of 1 to 11.
The following drugs for topical use have an excellent antiseptic effect:
- Chlorhexidine;
- Miramistin;
- Brilliant green solution (brilliant green);
- Furacilin.
The fight against staphylococcus in the ears and throat involves the use of the same medications for gargling and washing the ear canals.
Treatment of pregnant women
Let's see how to treat the disease in women expecting a child. It is known that taking antibiotics during pregnancy is not recommended. But if the expectant mother is diagnosed with Staphylococcus aureus, the use of antibacterial drugs most often becomes a necessity.
The question of the legality of such treatment must be decided by a specialist. Perhaps the doctor will choose a different method of therapy, but it is unlikely to be as effective. If left untreated, pathogens multiply rapidly, enter the bloodstream and cause severe complications. In addition, the expectant mother can infect the baby at the time of birth or after.
Staphylococcus in pediatrics
Staphylococcus aureus in the nose of a child manifests itself in the same way as in adults. Therefore, treatment methods in pediatrics are practically no different from those described above. Only a doctor should prescribe medications.
Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose in children is primarily aimed at preventing the disease
Since the use of antibiotics in childhood is undesirable, more attention should be paid to topical agents, immunostimulants and hardening. A balanced diet, adherence to a daily routine and timely treatment of respiratory diseases will help protect your baby from golden bacterium.
Preventive measures
Doctors have compiled a list of preventive measures for patients during treatment for Staphylococcus aureus in the nose:
- Compliance with personal hygiene rules.
- Preventive rinsing of the nose with saline solutions, still mineral water.
- Regular use of a complex of vitamins and minerals.
- Balanced diet.
- Hardening.
- Avoiding hypothermia.
- Constant air humidification in the room.
- Regular ventilation of the room.
Following the above preventive measures prevents the development of infection in the nose, as well as the transmission of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus bacteria to other people.
